1 Updating Information for FreeBSD stable/12 users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade.
14 NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
15 from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG and WITH_GCC to bootstrap to
16 the tip of head, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process
17 from older version of current across the gcc/clang cutover is a bit fragile.
19 20210128: p3 FreeBSD-EN-21:01.tzdata
22 FreeBSD-SA-21:01.fsdisclosure
23 FreeBSD-SA-21:02.xenoom
25 Update timezone database information [EN-21:01.tzdata]
27 Panic when destroying VNET and epair simultaneously [EN-21:03.vnet]
29 zfs recv fails to propagate snapshot deletion [EN-21:04.zfs]
31 Uninitialized file system kernel stack leaks [SA-21:01.fsdisclosure]
33 Xen guest-triggered out of memory [SA-21:02.xenoom]
35 20201208: p2 FreeBSD-SA-20:33.openssl
37 Fix OpenSSL NULL pointer de-reference. [SA-20:33.openssl]
39 20201201: p1 FreeBSD-EN-20:19.audit
40 FreeBSD-EN-20:20.tzdata
42 FreeBSD-EN-20:22.callout
43 FreeBSD-SA-20:31.icmp6
44 FreeBSD-SA-20:32.rtsold
46 Fix execve/fexecve system call auditing. [EN-20:19.audit]
48 Update timezone database information. [EN-20:20.tzdata]
50 Fix uninitialized variable in ipfw. [EN-20:21.ipfw]
52 Fix race condition in callout CPU migration. [EN-20:22.callout]
54 Fix ICMPv6 use-after-free in error message handling. [SA-20:31.icmp6]
56 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in rtsold. [SA-20:32.rtsold]
61 20200915: p1 FreeBSD-SA-20:27.ure
62 FreeBSD-SA-20:28.bhyve_vmcs
63 FreeBSD-SA-20:29.bhyve_svm
66 Fix ure device driver susceptible to packet-in-packet attack.
69 Fix bhyve privilege escalation via VMCS access. [SA-20:28.bhyve_vmcs]
71 Fix bhyve SVM guest escape. [SA-20:29.bhyve_svm]
73 Fix ftpd privilege escalation via ftpchroot. [SA-20:30.ftpd]
76 The make.conf(5) MALLOC_PRODUCTION variable, used for disabling and
77 enabling assertions and statistics gathering in malloc(3), has been
78 migrated to a src.conf(5) WITH/WITHOUT_MALLOC_PRODUCTION option.
80 On stable branches, WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION is set by default, which
81 means that malloc(3) has assertions and statistics gathering disabled,
82 for improved performance.
84 For backwards compatibility, the make.conf(5) MALLOC_PRODUCTION is still
85 honored, but it is now deprecated and undocumented.
88 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
89 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
90 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
91 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
94 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
95 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
96 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
97 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
100 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
101 re-enable it for the entire system with the
102 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB.
104 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
105 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
106 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
107 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc.
110 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
111 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
112 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
113 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
114 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
115 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
118 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
119 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
120 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
121 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
124 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
125 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
126 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
127 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
128 differences between those included in the port and those included in
129 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
130 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
131 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
134 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
135 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
136 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
137 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
140 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
141 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
142 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
143 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
144 add superio to the set.
147 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
148 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
149 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
150 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
151 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
152 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
155 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
156 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
157 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
158 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
161 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
162 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
163 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
164 your scripts, because they had no effect.
166 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
167 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
168 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
169 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
170 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
173 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
174 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
175 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
176 "options FUSE" enties in kernel config files.
179 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
180 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
181 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
182 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
183 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
184 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
185 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
188 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
189 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
190 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
191 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
194 Now Clang 8 has been merged (see the 20190412 entry below), the ifunc
195 functionality needed for the RETPOLINE option should work properly
196 again. The RETPOLINE option has been removed from BROKEN_OPTIONS.
199 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
200 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
201 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
205 The RETPOLINE option produces non-functional ifunc-using binaries
206 with Clang 7.0.1, and has been forced off (via BROKEN_OPTIONS).
207 Once Clang 8 is merged it may be enabled again.
210 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
211 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
212 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
216 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
217 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
221 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
222 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
223 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
224 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
225 is loaded automatically.
228 r342561 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
229 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
230 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
231 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
232 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
236 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
237 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
238 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
239 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
242 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
243 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
244 FreeBSD-13. A depreciation warning will be printed to stderr by
245 the ctm command, but the functionality will remain in base for all
249 The stable/12 branch has been created in subversion from head
253 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
254 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
257 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
258 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
259 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
260 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
261 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
262 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
263 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
264 that as you will get better support.
266 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
267 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
268 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package asap
269 and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
271 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
272 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
273 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
274 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
278 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
279 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
280 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
281 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
282 be adjusted as necessary.
285 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
286 additional various API changes througout the base system. It is
287 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
288 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
291 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
292 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
293 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
294 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
298 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
299 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
300 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
301 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
305 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
306 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
307 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
308 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
309 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
310 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
313 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
314 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
315 default since FreeBSD-11.
318 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
319 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
320 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
323 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
324 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
325 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
326 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
327 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
328 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
329 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
331 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
332 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
335 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
336 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
337 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
338 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
339 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
340 may not be observed in a future release.
343 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
344 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
348 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
349 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
350 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
351 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
354 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
355 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
356 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
357 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
361 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
362 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
363 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
366 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
367 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
368 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
369 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
370 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
373 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
374 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
375 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
376 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
377 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
378 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
381 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
382 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
383 setup a frambuffer for us to use, just add :
387 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
388 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a framebuffer are that
389 u-boot will expose as an EFI framebuffer.
392 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
393 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
394 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
395 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
396 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
397 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
398 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
399 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
400 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
401 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
405 Big endian arm support has been removed.
408 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
409 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
410 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
411 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
412 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
415 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
416 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
417 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
418 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
419 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
420 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
423 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
424 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
427 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
428 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
429 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
430 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
431 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
432 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
433 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
436 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
437 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
438 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
442 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
443 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
444 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed file.
447 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
448 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
451 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
452 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
456 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
457 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
458 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
459 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
462 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
463 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
464 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
468 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
469 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
470 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
474 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
475 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
476 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
477 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
478 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
479 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
482 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
483 workaround is necessary.
486 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
487 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was aquired by Exar and
488 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
489 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
492 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
493 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
494 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
495 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
496 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
499 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
500 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
501 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
502 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
505 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
506 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
507 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
511 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
512 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
516 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
517 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
521 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
522 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
523 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
524 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
525 microseconds and time zone offsets.
527 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
528 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
529 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
530 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
531 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
532 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
533 adjustments, depending on the software used.
535 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
536 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
539 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
542 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
543 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
544 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
546 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
548 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
549 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
550 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
551 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
552 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
553 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
554 thus expected to continue to function as before.
556 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
560 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
561 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
562 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
565 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
566 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
567 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
568 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
569 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
570 should be as simple as:
572 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
573 $ make depend all install
576 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
577 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
578 Co-existance for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
579 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
580 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
581 provisions for backup boot methods.
584 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
585 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers to
586 be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and imp@freebsd.org.
589 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
590 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
591 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
595 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
596 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
597 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
599 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
600 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
603 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
604 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was still
605 needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to remove it
606 from kernel config files.
609 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
610 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
611 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
613 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
614 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
617 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
618 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
619 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
620 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
623 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
624 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
627 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
628 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
629 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
630 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
633 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
634 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
635 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
636 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
637 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
638 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
641 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
642 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
643 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
646 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
647 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
648 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
649 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
650 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
653 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
654 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
655 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
656 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
657 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
661 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
662 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
663 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
664 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
665 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
666 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
667 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
668 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
669 than hardcoding paths.
672 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
673 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
674 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
677 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
678 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
679 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
680 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
683 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
684 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
687 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
688 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
689 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
690 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
693 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
694 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
695 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
696 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
697 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
700 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
701 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
702 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
703 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
707 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
708 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
709 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
710 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
711 soft-float everything else should be affected.
714 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
715 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
718 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
719 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
723 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
724 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
728 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
729 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
730 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
731 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
733 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
734 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
735 sandbox if successful.
737 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
738 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
739 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
740 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
741 an unprivileged user.
744 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
745 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
746 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
747 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
748 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
749 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
750 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
751 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
752 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
753 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
754 to which you should answer yes.
757 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
758 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
759 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
760 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
761 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
764 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
765 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
766 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
769 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
770 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
773 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
774 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
775 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
776 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
777 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
778 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
779 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
782 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
783 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
784 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
785 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
786 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
787 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
790 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
791 if you require the GPL compiler.
794 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
795 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
796 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
799 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
800 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
801 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
805 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
806 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
807 from ports (and recommends to install it).
808 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
809 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
810 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
813 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
814 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
815 which only require one chipset support.
817 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
821 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
822 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
823 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
825 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
826 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
829 * load the chip modules in question
830 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
832 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
833 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
835 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
838 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
839 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
840 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
842 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
843 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
844 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
846 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
847 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the
848 full procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild
849 everything and install it on the current system." Specifically,
850 a reboot is required after installing the new kernel before
854 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
855 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
856 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
859 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
860 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
861 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
864 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
865 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
866 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
867 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
868 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
869 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
870 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
873 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
874 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
875 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
876 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
879 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
880 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
881 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
884 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
885 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
886 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
889 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
890 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
892 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
893 via one of the following methods:
894 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
895 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
896 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
897 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
899 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
902 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
903 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
904 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
905 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
909 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
910 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
911 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
912 be prefixed with colon.
915 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
916 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
917 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
920 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
921 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
922 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
925 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
926 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
927 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
931 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
935 MCA bus support has been removed.
938 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
939 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
942 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
943 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
946 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
947 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
948 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom configuration.
951 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
952 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
953 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
956 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
957 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
958 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
961 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
962 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
963 that link against it need to be recompiled.
966 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
967 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
968 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
969 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
972 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
973 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
975 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
976 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
979 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
980 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
981 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
985 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
986 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
987 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
990 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
991 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
994 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
995 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
996 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
997 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1000 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1001 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1002 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1003 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1004 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1007 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1010 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1011 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1012 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1013 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1016 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1017 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1018 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1022 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1023 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1024 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1025 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1026 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1030 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1031 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1034 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1037 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1038 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1039 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1040 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1041 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1042 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1046 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1047 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1048 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1049 previously contained a line like
1050 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1051 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1052 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1056 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1057 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1058 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1059 built with the old headers.
1062 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1063 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1064 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1065 installing a new libc.
1068 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1069 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1070 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1071 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1072 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1073 packages will be needed.
1075 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1076 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1077 and the install steps.
1080 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1081 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1082 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1083 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1084 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1085 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1088 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1089 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1090 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1091 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1092 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1094 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1095 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1096 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1097 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1098 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1100 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1101 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1102 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1103 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1104 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1105 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1108 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1109 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1110 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1111 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1112 quirks entry to 0x3.
1115 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1116 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1117 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1120 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1121 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1124 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1125 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1126 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1127 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1128 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1129 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1130 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1131 stale .depend files.
1134 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1135 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1136 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1140 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1141 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1142 make -C sys/boot install
1143 <reboot in single user>
1145 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1149 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1150 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1151 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1154 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1155 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1156 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1157 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1158 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1159 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1162 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1163 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1164 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1165 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1166 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1169 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1170 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1171 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1172 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1173 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1176 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1177 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1180 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1181 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1182 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1185 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1186 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1187 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1191 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1192 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1193 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1194 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1195 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1196 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1199 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1200 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1201 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1202 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1206 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1207 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1208 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1211 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1212 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1213 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1215 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1216 collation results will be different.
1218 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1219 locales before running make installworld.
1221 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1224 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1225 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1228 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1229 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1230 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1233 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1234 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1235 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1236 and 'make -N' will not.
1239 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1240 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1241 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1242 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1243 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1244 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1245 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1246 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1249 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1250 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1251 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1252 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1255 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1256 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1257 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1260 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1261 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1262 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1263 userland debug files.
1265 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1266 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1267 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1269 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1270 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1273 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1274 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1275 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1276 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1277 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1278 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1281 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1282 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1283 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1286 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1287 them, the kernel must have
1290 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1292 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1293 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1294 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1295 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1297 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1298 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1301 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1302 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1303 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1306 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1307 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1308 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1309 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1311 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1312 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1313 difference with this change.
1315 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1316 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1317 remove that workaround.
1320 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1321 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1322 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1325 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1328 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1329 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1330 loader.rc.local instead.
1333 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1334 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1335 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1338 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1339 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1340 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1342 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1343 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1346 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1347 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1348 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1349 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1350 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1351 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1352 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1353 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1354 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1355 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1356 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1357 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1360 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1361 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1363 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1364 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1365 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1367 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1368 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1370 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1371 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1372 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1374 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1375 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1376 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1377 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1379 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1380 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1381 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1382 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1384 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1385 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1386 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1387 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1388 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1389 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1390 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1391 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1395 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1396 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1399 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1400 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1403 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1404 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1405 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1406 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1407 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1410 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1411 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1412 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1413 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1416 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1417 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1418 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1419 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1420 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1421 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1422 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1424 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1425 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1426 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1427 replace it with '2'.
1428 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1429 a file path, create a new file with:
1430 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1431 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1432 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1433 5. Restart sendmail:
1434 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1436 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1440 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1441 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1442 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1443 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1446 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1449 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1450 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1451 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1454 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1455 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1458 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1459 same but content is different now
1460 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1461 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1462 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1463 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1464 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1467 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1468 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1469 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1472 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1473 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1476 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1477 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1480 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1481 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1482 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1485 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1486 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1487 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1488 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1491 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1492 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1493 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1496 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1497 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1498 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1499 kernel before rebooting.
1502 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1503 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1504 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1505 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1506 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1507 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1510 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1511 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1512 with the new kernel.
1515 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1516 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1517 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1520 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1521 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1522 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1523 are not already using 3.5.0.
1526 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1527 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1528 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1529 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1530 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1533 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1534 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1535 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1536 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1539 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1540 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1543 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1545 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1546 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1547 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1548 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1549 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1550 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1553 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1554 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1557 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1558 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1559 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1560 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1562 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1563 the instructions for 9.x above.
1565 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1566 default, and do not build clang.
1568 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1569 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1570 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1572 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1573 the following are most likely to appear:
1577 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1578 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1579 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1580 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1581 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1582 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1583 cast, or disable the warning.
1585 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1586 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1587 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1588 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1591 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1592 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1594 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1595 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1596 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1597 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1599 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1600 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1601 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1602 unreachable could be optimized away.
1605 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1606 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1607 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1608 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1609 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1610 the utilities will report errors.
1613 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1614 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1615 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
1616 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1617 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1621 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1622 has been obsolete for a very long time.
1625 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1626 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1627 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1630 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1631 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1632 indicate what you need to do.
1634 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1635 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1636 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1638 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1639 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1643 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1644 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1648 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1649 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1653 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1657 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1658 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1659 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1660 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
1661 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1662 their next update cycle.
1665 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1666 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1667 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1668 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1672 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1673 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1676 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1677 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1678 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
1679 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1680 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1684 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1685 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1687 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1690 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1691 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1692 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
1693 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1697 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1698 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1702 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1703 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
1704 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1705 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1706 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1709 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1710 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1711 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1714 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1715 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1716 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1719 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1720 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
1721 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1722 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
1723 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1724 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1725 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1726 "make installworld".
1728 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1729 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1730 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1733 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1734 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1735 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1736 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1737 be removed during a clean upgrade.
1740 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1743 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1744 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1748 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1749 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1750 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1751 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1752 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1753 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1754 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1755 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1756 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1757 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1758 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1759 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1761 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1762 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1763 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1767 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1768 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1771 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1772 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1773 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1774 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1775 build hosts for older releases.
1777 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1778 r276991, respectively.
1781 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1782 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1783 will silently lack HESIOD.
1786 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1787 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1788 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1789 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1790 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1791 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1792 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1793 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1794 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1795 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1796 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1797 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
1800 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1801 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1802 with command line option -W.
1805 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1806 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1807 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1808 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1809 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1812 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1815 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
1816 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1819 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1820 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1821 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
1822 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1823 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1826 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1827 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
1828 kernel is still highly recommended.
1831 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1832 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
1833 capability mode support in kernel.
1836 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1837 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1838 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1839 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1840 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1843 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1844 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1845 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1846 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1847 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1848 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1851 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1852 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1853 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1854 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1855 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1856 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1857 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1858 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1859 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1862 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1863 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
1864 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1865 should change your settings to use the latter.
1868 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1869 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
1870 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
1871 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
1872 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1875 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1876 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1877 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1879 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1881 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1884 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1891 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are
1892 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with
1893 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there
1894 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This
1895 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1896 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1897 several months have passed on the -current branch).
1899 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1900 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
1901 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
1902 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1903 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1905 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1906 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1907 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1908 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
1909 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
1910 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1911 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1912 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1915 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1916 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1917 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1918 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1920 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1921 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1922 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1923 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1924 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1925 should write them with this in mind.
1929 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1932 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1933 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1935 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1937 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1938 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1939 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
1941 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1945 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1946 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
1947 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1949 make kernel-toolchain
1950 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1951 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1953 To test a kernel once
1954 ---------------------
1955 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1956 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1957 debugging information) run
1958 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1959 nextboot -k testkernel
1961 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1962 -----------------------------------------------------------
1963 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1964 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1966 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1968 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1969 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1971 <reboot in single user> [3]
1978 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1979 --------------------------------------------------
1980 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1981 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
1982 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1985 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1988 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1989 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
1990 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1991 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1992 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1993 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1994 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
1995 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1996 <reboot into current>
1997 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1998 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2002 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2003 ----------------------------------------------
2004 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2006 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2007 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2009 <reboot in single user> [3]
2016 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2017 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2018 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2019 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2020 the UPDATING entries.
2022 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2023 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2024 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2025 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2026 much fewer pitfalls.
2028 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2029 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2032 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2037 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2038 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2039 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2041 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2042 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2043 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2044 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2045 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2046 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2047 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2049 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2050 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2051 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2052 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2053 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2054 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2056 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2057 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2058 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2060 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by
2061 an installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new
2062 kernel's configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n>
2063 option for existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x
2064 binaries). Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
2065 hard to boot to recover. A GENERIC kernel will include suitable
2066 compatibility options to run binaries from older branches.
2068 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2069 last time you updated your kernel config file.
2071 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2072 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2073 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2075 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2076 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2077 warn if it is improperly defined.
2080 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2081 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2082 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2083 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2084 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2086 Copyright information:
2088 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved.
2090 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2091 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2092 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2094 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2095 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2096 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2097 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2098 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2099 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2100 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2101 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2102 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2103 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2104 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2106 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of