1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade.
14 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
15 FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
16 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
17 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
18 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
19 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
20 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
21 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
22 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
23 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
24 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
25 debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
26 disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
27 "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
30 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imorted in r362681. This
31 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
32 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
33 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
34 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
35 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
36 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
39 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
40 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
43 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
44 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
45 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
48 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
49 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
50 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
51 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
53 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
54 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
55 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
56 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
60 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
61 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
62 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
63 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
66 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
67 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
70 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
71 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
72 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
73 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
74 be functional without closefrom(2).
77 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
78 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
79 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
80 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
81 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
82 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
85 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
86 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
87 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
88 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
91 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
92 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
93 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
96 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
99 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
100 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
101 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
104 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
105 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
108 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
109 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
110 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
114 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
115 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
119 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
120 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
121 together with their new kernel.
124 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
125 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
126 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
128 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
129 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
132 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
136 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
137 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
138 external toolchain package.
141 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
142 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
143 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
144 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
145 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
148 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
149 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
150 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
151 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
154 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
155 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
156 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
160 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
163 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
164 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
165 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
166 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
169 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
170 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
171 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
174 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
175 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
176 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
177 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
178 differences between those included in the port and those included in
179 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
180 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
181 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
184 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
185 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
189 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
190 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
191 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
192 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
193 add superio to the set.
196 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
197 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
200 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
201 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
202 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
203 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
204 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
205 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
206 completely in the future.
209 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
210 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
211 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
212 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
213 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
214 will be removed from the list.
217 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
218 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
219 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
220 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
223 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
224 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
225 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
226 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
229 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
230 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
231 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
232 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
235 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
236 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
237 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
240 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
241 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
242 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
243 your scripts, because they had no effect.
245 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
246 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
247 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
248 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
249 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
252 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
253 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
254 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
255 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
256 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
257 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
258 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
261 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
262 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
263 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
264 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
267 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
268 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
269 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
270 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
273 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
274 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
275 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
278 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
279 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
280 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
281 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
282 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
283 avoid running into the limit.
286 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
287 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
290 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
291 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
292 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
293 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
294 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
295 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
298 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
299 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
302 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
303 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
304 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
305 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
306 availability properties.
308 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
309 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
310 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
311 initial condition, if desired.
313 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
314 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
316 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
317 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
318 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
319 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
322 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
323 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
324 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
325 therefore unblocked).
328 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
329 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
330 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
331 is added to the command line.
332 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
333 not affected and should continue to work.
336 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
337 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
338 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
339 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
342 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
343 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
344 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
348 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
349 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
353 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
354 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
355 migrating to the drm ports.
358 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
359 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
360 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
361 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
362 is loaded automatically.
365 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
366 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
367 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
371 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
372 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
373 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
374 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
377 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
378 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
379 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
380 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
381 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
385 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
386 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
387 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
389 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
390 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
392 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
393 removed from the mips port.
396 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
397 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
398 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
402 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
403 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
406 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
407 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
408 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
409 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
412 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
413 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
414 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
417 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
418 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
419 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
423 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
424 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
425 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
427 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
428 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
429 being included using the command:
433 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
434 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
437 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
438 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
439 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
440 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
441 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
442 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
443 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
444 that as you will get better support.
446 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
447 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
448 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
449 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
451 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
452 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
453 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
454 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
458 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
459 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
460 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
461 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
462 be adjusted as necessary.
465 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
466 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
467 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
468 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
471 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
472 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
473 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
474 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
478 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
479 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
480 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
481 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
485 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
486 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
487 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
488 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
489 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
490 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
493 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
494 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
495 default since FreeBSD-11.
498 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
499 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
500 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
503 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
504 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
505 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
506 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
507 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
508 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
509 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
511 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
512 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
515 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
516 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
517 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
518 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
519 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
520 may not be observed in a future release.
523 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
524 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
528 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
529 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
530 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
531 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
534 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
535 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
536 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
537 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
541 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
542 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
543 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
546 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
547 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
548 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
549 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
550 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
553 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
554 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
555 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
556 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
557 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
558 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
561 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
562 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
563 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
567 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
568 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
569 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
572 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
573 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
574 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
575 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
576 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
577 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
578 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
579 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
580 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
581 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
585 Big endian arm support has been removed.
588 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
589 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
590 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
591 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
592 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
595 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
596 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
597 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
598 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
599 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
600 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
603 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
604 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
607 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
608 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
609 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
610 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
611 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
612 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
613 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
616 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
617 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
618 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
622 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
623 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
624 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
628 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
629 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
632 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
633 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
637 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
638 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
639 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
640 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
643 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
644 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
645 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
649 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
650 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
651 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
655 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
656 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
657 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
658 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
659 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
660 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
663 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
664 workaround is necessary.
667 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
668 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
669 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
670 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
673 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
674 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
675 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
676 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
677 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
680 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
681 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
682 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
683 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
686 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
687 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
688 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
692 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
693 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
697 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
698 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
702 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
703 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
704 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
705 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
706 microseconds and time zone offsets.
708 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
709 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
710 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
711 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
712 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
713 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
714 adjustments, depending on the software used.
716 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
717 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
720 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
723 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
724 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
725 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
727 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
729 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
730 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
731 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
732 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
733 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
734 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
735 thus expected to continue to function as before.
737 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
741 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
742 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
743 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
746 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
747 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
748 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
749 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
750 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
751 should be as simple as:
753 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
754 $ make depend all install
757 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
758 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
759 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
760 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
761 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
762 provisions for backup boot methods.
765 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
766 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
767 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
771 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
772 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
773 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
777 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
778 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
779 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
781 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
782 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
785 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
786 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
787 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
788 remove it from kernel config files.
791 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
792 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
793 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
795 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
796 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
799 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
800 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
801 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
802 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
805 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
806 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
809 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
810 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
811 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
812 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
815 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
816 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
817 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
818 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
819 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
820 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
823 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
824 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
825 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
828 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
829 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
830 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
831 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
832 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
835 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
836 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
837 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
838 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
839 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
843 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
844 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
845 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
846 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
847 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
848 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
849 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
850 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
851 than hardcoding paths.
854 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
855 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
856 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
859 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
860 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
861 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
862 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
865 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
866 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
869 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
870 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
871 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
872 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
875 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
876 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
877 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
878 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
879 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
882 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
883 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
884 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
885 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
889 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
890 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
891 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
892 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
893 soft-float everything else should be affected.
896 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
897 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
900 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
901 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
905 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
906 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
910 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
911 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
912 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
913 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
915 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
916 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
917 sandbox if successful.
919 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
920 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
921 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
922 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
923 an unprivileged user.
926 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
927 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
928 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
929 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
930 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
931 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
932 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
933 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
934 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
935 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
936 to which you should answer yes.
939 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
940 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
941 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
942 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
943 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
946 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
947 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
948 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
951 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
952 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
955 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
956 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
957 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
958 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
959 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
960 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
961 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
964 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
965 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
966 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
967 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
968 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
969 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
972 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
973 if you require the GPL compiler.
976 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
977 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
978 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
981 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
982 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
983 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
987 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
988 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
989 from ports (and recommends to install it).
990 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
991 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
992 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
995 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
996 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
997 which only require one chipset support.
999 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1003 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1004 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1005 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1007 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
1008 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1011 * load the chip modules in question
1012 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1014 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1015 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1017 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1020 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1021 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1022 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1024 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1025 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1026 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1028 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1029 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1030 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1031 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1032 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1033 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1034 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1035 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1038 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1039 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1040 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1043 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1044 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1045 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1048 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1049 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1050 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1051 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1052 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1053 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1054 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1057 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1058 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1059 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1060 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1063 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1064 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1065 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1068 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1069 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1070 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1073 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1074 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1076 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1077 via one of the following methods:
1078 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1079 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1080 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1081 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1083 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1086 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1087 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1088 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1089 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1093 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1094 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1095 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1096 be prefixed with colon.
1099 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1100 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1101 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1104 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1105 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1106 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1109 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1110 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1111 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1115 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1119 MCA bus support has been removed.
1122 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1123 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1126 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1127 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1130 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1131 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1132 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1136 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1137 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1138 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1141 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1142 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1143 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1146 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1147 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1148 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1151 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1152 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1153 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1154 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1157 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1158 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1160 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1161 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1164 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1165 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1166 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1170 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1171 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1172 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1175 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1176 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1179 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1180 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1181 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1182 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1185 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1186 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1187 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1188 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1189 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1192 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1195 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1196 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1197 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1198 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1201 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1202 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1203 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1207 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1208 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1209 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1210 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1211 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1215 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1216 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1219 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1222 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1223 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1224 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1225 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1226 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1227 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1231 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1232 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1233 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1234 previously contained a line like
1235 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1236 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1237 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1241 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1242 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1243 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1244 built with the old headers.
1247 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1248 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1249 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1250 installing a new libc.
1253 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1254 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1255 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1256 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1257 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1258 packages will be needed.
1260 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1261 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1262 and the install steps.
1265 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1266 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1267 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1268 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1269 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1270 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1273 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1274 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1275 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1276 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1277 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1279 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1280 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1281 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1282 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1283 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1285 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1286 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1287 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1288 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1289 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1290 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1293 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1294 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1295 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1296 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1297 quirks entry to 0x3.
1300 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1301 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1302 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1305 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1306 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1309 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1310 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1311 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1312 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1313 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1314 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1315 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1316 stale .depend files.
1319 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1320 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1321 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1325 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1326 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1327 make -C sys/boot install
1328 <reboot in single user>
1330 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1334 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1335 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1336 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1339 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1340 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1341 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1342 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1343 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1344 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1347 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1348 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1349 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1350 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1351 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1354 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1355 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1356 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1357 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1358 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1361 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1362 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1365 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1366 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1367 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1370 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1371 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1372 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1376 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1377 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1378 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1379 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1380 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1381 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1384 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1385 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1386 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1387 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1391 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1392 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1393 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1396 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1397 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1398 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1400 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1401 collation results will be different.
1403 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1404 locales before running make installworld.
1406 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1409 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1410 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1413 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1414 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1415 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1418 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1419 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1420 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1421 and 'make -N' will not.
1424 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1425 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1426 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1427 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1428 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1429 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1430 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1431 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1434 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1435 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1436 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1437 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1440 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1441 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1442 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1445 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1446 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1447 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1448 userland debug files.
1450 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1451 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1452 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1454 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1455 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1458 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1459 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1460 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1461 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1462 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1463 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1466 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1467 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1468 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1471 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1472 them, the kernel must have
1475 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1477 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1478 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1479 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1480 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1482 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1483 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1486 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1487 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1488 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1491 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1492 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1493 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1494 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1496 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1497 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1498 difference with this change.
1500 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1501 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1502 remove that workaround.
1505 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1506 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1507 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1510 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1513 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1514 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1515 loader.rc.local instead.
1518 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1519 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1520 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1523 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1524 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1525 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1527 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1528 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1531 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1532 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1533 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1534 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1535 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1536 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1537 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1538 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1539 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1540 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1541 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1542 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1545 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1546 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1548 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1549 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1550 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1552 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1553 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1555 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1556 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1557 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1559 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1560 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1561 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1562 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1564 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1565 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1566 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1567 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1569 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1570 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1571 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1572 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1573 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1574 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1575 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1576 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1580 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1581 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1584 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1585 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1588 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1589 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1590 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1591 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1592 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1595 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1596 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1597 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1598 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1601 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1602 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1603 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1604 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1605 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1606 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1607 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1609 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1610 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1611 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1612 replace it with '2'.
1613 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1614 a file path, create a new file with:
1615 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1616 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1617 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1618 5. Restart sendmail:
1619 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1621 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1625 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1626 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1627 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1628 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1631 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1634 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1635 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1636 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1639 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1640 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1643 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1644 same but content is different now
1645 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1646 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1647 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1648 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1649 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1652 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1653 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1654 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1657 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1658 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1661 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1662 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1665 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1666 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1667 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1670 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1671 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1672 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1673 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1676 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1677 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1678 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1681 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1682 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1683 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1684 kernel before rebooting.
1687 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1688 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1689 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1690 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1691 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1692 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1695 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1696 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1697 with the new kernel.
1700 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1701 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1702 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1705 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1706 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1707 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1708 are not already using 3.5.0.
1711 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1712 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1713 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1714 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1715 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1718 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1719 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1720 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1721 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1724 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1725 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1728 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1730 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1731 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1732 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1733 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1734 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1735 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1738 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1739 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1742 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1743 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1744 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1745 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1747 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1748 the instructions for 9.x above.
1750 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1751 default, and do not build clang.
1753 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1754 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1755 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1757 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1758 the following are most likely to appear:
1762 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1763 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1764 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1765 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1766 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1767 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1768 cast, or disable the warning.
1770 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1771 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1772 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1773 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1776 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1777 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1779 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1780 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1781 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1782 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1784 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1785 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1786 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1787 unreachable could be optimized away.
1790 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1791 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1792 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1793 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1794 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1795 the utilities will report errors.
1798 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1799 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1800 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
1801 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1802 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1806 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1807 has been obsolete for a very long time.
1810 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1811 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1812 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1815 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1816 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1817 indicate what you need to do.
1819 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1820 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1821 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1823 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1824 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1828 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1829 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1833 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1834 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1838 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1842 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1843 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1844 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1845 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
1846 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1847 their next update cycle.
1850 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1851 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1852 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1853 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1857 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1858 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1861 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1862 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1863 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
1864 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1865 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1869 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1870 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1872 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1875 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1876 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1877 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
1878 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1882 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1883 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1887 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1888 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
1889 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1890 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1891 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1894 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1895 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1896 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1899 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1900 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1901 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1904 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1905 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
1906 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1907 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
1908 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1909 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1910 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1911 "make installworld".
1913 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1914 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1915 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1918 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1919 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1920 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1921 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1922 be removed during a clean upgrade.
1925 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1928 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1929 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1933 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1934 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1935 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1936 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1937 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1938 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1939 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1940 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1941 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1942 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1943 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1944 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1946 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1947 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1948 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1952 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1953 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1956 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1957 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1958 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1959 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1960 build hosts for older releases.
1962 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1963 r276991, respectively.
1966 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1967 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1968 will silently lack HESIOD.
1971 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1972 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1973 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1974 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1975 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1976 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1977 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1978 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1979 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1980 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1981 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1982 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
1985 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1986 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1987 with command line option -W.
1990 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1991 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1992 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1993 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1994 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1997 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2000 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
2001 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2004 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2005 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2006 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
2007 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2008 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2011 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2012 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
2013 kernel is still highly recommended.
2016 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2017 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
2018 capability mode support in kernel.
2021 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2022 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2023 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2024 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2025 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2028 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2029 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2030 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2031 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2032 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2033 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2036 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2037 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2038 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2039 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2040 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2041 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2042 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2043 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2044 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2047 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2048 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
2049 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2050 should change your settings to use the latter.
2053 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2054 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
2055 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
2056 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
2057 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2060 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2061 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2062 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2064 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2066 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2069 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2076 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2077 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2078 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2079 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2080 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2081 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2082 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2083 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2085 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2086 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2087 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2088 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2089 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2090 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2091 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2092 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2095 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2096 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2097 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2098 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2101 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2102 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2103 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2104 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2106 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2107 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2108 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2109 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2110 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2111 should write them with this in mind.
2115 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2118 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2119 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2121 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2123 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
2124 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2125 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
2127 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2131 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2132 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2133 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2135 make kernel-toolchain
2136 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2137 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2139 To test a kernel once
2140 ---------------------
2141 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2142 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2143 debugging information) run
2144 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2145 nextboot -k testkernel
2147 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2148 -----------------------------------------------------------
2149 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2150 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2152 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2154 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2155 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2157 <reboot in single user> [3]
2164 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2165 --------------------------------------------------
2166 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2167 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2168 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2171 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2174 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2175 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2176 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2177 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2178 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2179 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2180 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2181 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2182 <reboot into current>
2183 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2184 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2188 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2189 ----------------------------------------------
2190 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2192 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2193 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2195 <reboot in single user> [3]
2202 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2203 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2204 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2205 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2206 the UPDATING entries.
2208 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2209 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2210 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2211 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2212 much fewer pitfalls.
2214 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2215 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2218 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2222 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2223 cd src # full path to source
2224 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2225 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2226 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2228 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2229 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2230 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2231 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2232 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2233 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2234 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2236 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2237 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2238 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2239 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2240 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2241 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2243 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2244 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2245 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2247 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2248 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2249 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2250 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2251 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2252 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2253 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2254 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2256 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2257 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2258 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2261 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2262 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2263 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2265 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2266 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2267 warn if it is improperly defined.
2270 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2271 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2272 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2273 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2274 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2276 Copyright information:
2278 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2280 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2281 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2282 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2284 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2285 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2286 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2287 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2288 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2289 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2290 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2291 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2292 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2293 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2294 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2296 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of