1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade.
14 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
15 FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
16 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
17 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
18 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
19 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
20 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
21 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
22 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
23 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
24 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
25 debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
26 world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
27 at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
30 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
31 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
32 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
33 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
34 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
37 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
38 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
39 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
40 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
41 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
45 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
46 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
47 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
48 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
50 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
51 command you want to un-auger the tree is
54 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
55 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
58 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
59 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
60 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
61 unless you want to use new features.
63 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
64 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
65 rebuilding world may fail.
67 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
68 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
70 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
71 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
72 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
73 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
76 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
77 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
78 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
79 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
82 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
83 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
87 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
88 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
91 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
92 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
93 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
94 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
97 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
98 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
99 from sources, so a version bump was done.
102 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
103 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
104 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
105 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
108 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
109 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
110 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
111 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
112 continue to function.
114 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
115 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
116 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
117 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
120 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
121 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
122 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
123 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
124 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
125 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
126 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
129 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
130 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
133 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
134 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
135 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
138 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
139 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
140 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
141 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
143 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
144 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
145 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
146 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
150 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
151 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
152 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
153 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
156 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
157 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
160 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
161 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
162 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
163 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
164 be functional without closefrom(2).
167 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
168 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
169 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
170 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
171 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
172 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
175 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
176 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
177 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
178 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
181 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
182 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
183 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
186 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
189 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
190 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
191 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
194 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
195 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
198 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
199 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
200 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
204 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
205 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
209 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
210 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
211 together with their new kernel.
214 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
215 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
216 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
218 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
219 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
222 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
226 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
227 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
228 external toolchain package.
231 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
232 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
233 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
234 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
235 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
238 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
239 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
240 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
241 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
244 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
245 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
246 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
250 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
253 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
254 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
255 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
256 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
259 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
260 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
261 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
264 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
265 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
266 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
267 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
268 differences between those included in the port and those included in
269 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
270 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
271 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
274 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
275 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
279 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
280 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
281 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
282 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
283 add superio to the set.
286 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
287 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
290 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
291 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
292 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
293 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
294 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
295 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
296 completely in the future.
299 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
300 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
301 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
302 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
303 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
304 will be removed from the list.
307 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
308 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
309 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
310 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
313 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
314 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
315 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
316 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
319 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
320 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
321 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
322 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
325 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
326 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
327 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
330 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
331 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
332 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
333 your scripts, because they had no effect.
335 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
336 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
337 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
338 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
339 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
342 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
343 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
344 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
345 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
346 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
347 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
348 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
351 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
352 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
353 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
354 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
357 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
358 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
359 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
360 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
363 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
364 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
365 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
368 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
369 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
370 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
371 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
372 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
373 avoid running into the limit.
376 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
377 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
380 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
381 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
382 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
383 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
384 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
385 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
388 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
389 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
392 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
393 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
394 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
395 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
396 availability properties.
398 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
399 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
400 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
401 initial condition, if desired.
403 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
404 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
406 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
407 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
408 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
409 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
412 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
413 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
414 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
415 therefore unblocked).
418 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
419 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
420 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
421 is added to the command line.
422 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
423 not affected and should continue to work.
426 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
427 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
428 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
429 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
432 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
433 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
434 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
438 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
439 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
443 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
444 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
445 migrating to the drm ports.
448 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
449 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
450 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
451 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
452 is loaded automatically.
455 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
456 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
457 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
461 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
462 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
463 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
464 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
467 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
468 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
469 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
470 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
471 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
475 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
476 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
477 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
479 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
480 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
482 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
483 removed from the mips port.
486 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
487 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
488 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
492 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
493 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
496 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
497 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
498 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
499 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
502 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
503 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
504 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
507 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
508 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
509 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
513 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
514 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
515 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
517 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
518 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
519 being included using the command:
523 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
524 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
527 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
528 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
529 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
530 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
531 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
532 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
533 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
534 that as you will get better support.
536 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
537 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
538 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
539 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
541 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
542 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
543 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
544 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
548 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
549 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
550 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
551 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
552 be adjusted as necessary.
555 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
556 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
557 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
558 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
561 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
562 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
563 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
564 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
568 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
569 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
570 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
571 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
575 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
576 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
577 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
578 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
579 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
580 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
583 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
584 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
585 default since FreeBSD-11.
588 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
589 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
590 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
593 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
594 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
595 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
596 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
597 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
598 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
599 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
601 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
602 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
605 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
606 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
607 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
608 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
609 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
610 may not be observed in a future release.
613 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
614 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
618 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
619 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
620 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
621 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
624 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
625 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
626 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
627 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
631 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
632 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
633 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
636 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
637 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
638 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
639 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
640 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
643 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
644 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
645 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
646 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
647 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
648 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
651 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
652 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
653 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
657 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
658 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
659 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
662 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
663 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
664 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
665 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
666 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
667 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
668 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
669 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
670 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
671 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
675 Big endian arm support has been removed.
678 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
679 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
680 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
681 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
682 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
685 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
686 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
687 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
688 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
689 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
690 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
693 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
694 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
697 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
698 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
699 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
700 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
701 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
702 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
703 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
706 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
707 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
708 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
712 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
713 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
714 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
718 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
719 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
722 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
723 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
727 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
728 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
729 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
730 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
733 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
734 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
735 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
739 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
740 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
741 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
745 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
746 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
747 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
748 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
749 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
750 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
753 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
754 workaround is necessary.
757 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
758 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
759 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
760 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
763 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
764 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
765 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
766 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
767 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
770 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
771 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
772 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
773 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
776 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
777 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
778 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
782 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
783 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
787 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
788 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
792 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
793 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
794 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
795 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
796 microseconds and time zone offsets.
798 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
799 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
800 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
801 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
802 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
803 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
804 adjustments, depending on the software used.
806 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
807 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
810 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
813 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
814 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
815 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
817 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
819 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
820 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
821 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
822 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
823 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
824 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
825 thus expected to continue to function as before.
827 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
831 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
832 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
833 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
836 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
837 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
838 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
839 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
840 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
841 should be as simple as:
843 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
844 $ make depend all install
847 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
848 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
849 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
850 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
851 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
852 provisions for backup boot methods.
855 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
856 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
857 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
861 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
862 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
863 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
867 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
868 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
869 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
871 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
872 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
875 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
876 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
877 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
878 remove it from kernel config files.
881 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
882 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
883 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
885 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
886 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
889 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
890 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
891 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
892 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
895 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
896 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
899 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
900 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
901 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
902 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
905 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
906 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
907 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
908 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
909 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
910 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
913 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
914 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
915 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
918 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
919 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
920 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
921 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
922 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
925 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
926 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
927 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
928 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
929 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
933 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
934 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
935 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
936 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
937 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
938 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
939 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
940 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
941 than hardcoding paths.
944 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
945 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
946 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
949 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
950 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
951 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
952 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
955 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
956 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
959 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
960 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
961 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
962 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
965 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
966 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
967 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
968 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
969 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
972 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
973 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
974 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
975 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
979 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
980 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
981 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
982 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
983 soft-float everything else should be affected.
986 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
987 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
990 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
991 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
995 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
996 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1000 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1001 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1002 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1003 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1005 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1006 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1007 sandbox if successful.
1009 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1010 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1011 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1012 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1013 an unprivileged user.
1016 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1017 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1018 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1019 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1020 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1021 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1022 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1023 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1024 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1025 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1026 to which you should answer yes.
1029 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1030 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1031 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1032 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1033 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1036 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1037 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1038 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1041 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1042 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1045 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1046 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1047 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1048 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1049 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1050 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1051 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1054 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1055 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1056 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1057 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1058 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1059 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1062 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1063 if you require the GPL compiler.
1066 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1067 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1068 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1071 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1072 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1073 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1077 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1078 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1079 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1080 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1081 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1082 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1085 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1086 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1087 which only require one chipset support.
1089 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1093 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1094 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1095 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1097 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
1098 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1101 * load the chip modules in question
1102 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1104 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1105 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1107 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1110 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1111 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1112 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1114 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1115 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1116 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1118 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1119 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1120 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1121 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1122 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1123 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1124 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1125 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1128 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1129 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1130 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1133 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1134 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1135 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1138 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1139 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1140 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1141 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1142 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1143 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1144 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1147 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1148 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1149 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1150 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1153 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1154 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1155 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1158 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1159 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1160 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1163 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1164 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1166 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1167 via one of the following methods:
1168 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1169 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1170 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1171 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1173 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1176 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1177 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1178 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1179 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1183 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1184 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1185 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1186 be prefixed with colon.
1189 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1190 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1191 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1194 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1195 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1196 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1199 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1200 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1201 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1205 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1209 MCA bus support has been removed.
1212 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1213 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1216 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1217 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1220 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1221 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1222 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1226 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1227 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1228 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1231 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1232 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1233 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1236 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1237 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1238 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1241 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1242 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1243 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1244 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1247 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1248 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1250 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1251 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1254 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1255 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1256 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1260 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1261 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1262 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1265 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1266 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1269 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1270 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1271 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1272 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1275 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1276 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1277 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1278 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1279 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1282 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1285 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1286 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1287 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1288 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1291 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1292 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1293 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1297 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1298 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1299 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1300 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1301 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1305 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1306 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1309 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1312 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1313 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1314 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1315 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1316 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1317 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1321 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1322 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1323 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1324 previously contained a line like
1325 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1326 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1327 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1331 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1332 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1333 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1334 built with the old headers.
1337 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1338 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1339 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1340 installing a new libc.
1343 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1344 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1345 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1346 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1347 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1348 packages will be needed.
1350 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1351 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1352 and the install steps.
1355 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1356 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1357 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1358 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1359 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1360 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1363 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1364 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1365 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1366 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1367 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1369 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1370 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1371 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1372 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1373 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1375 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1376 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1377 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1378 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1379 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1380 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1383 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1384 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1385 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1386 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1387 quirks entry to 0x3.
1390 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1391 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1392 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1395 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1396 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1399 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1400 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1401 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1402 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1403 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1404 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1405 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1406 stale .depend files.
1409 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1410 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1411 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1415 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1416 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1417 make -C sys/boot install
1418 <reboot in single user>
1420 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1424 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1425 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1426 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1429 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1430 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1431 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1432 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1433 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1434 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1437 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1438 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1439 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1440 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1441 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1444 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1445 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1446 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1447 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1448 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1451 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1452 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1455 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1456 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1457 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1460 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1461 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1462 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1466 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1467 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1468 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1469 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1470 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1471 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1474 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1475 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1476 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1477 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1481 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1482 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1483 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1486 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1487 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1488 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1490 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1491 collation results will be different.
1493 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1494 locales before running make installworld.
1496 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1499 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1500 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1503 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1504 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1505 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1508 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1509 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1510 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1511 and 'make -N' will not.
1514 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1515 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1516 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1517 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1518 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1519 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1520 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1521 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1524 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1525 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1526 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1527 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1530 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1531 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1532 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1535 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1536 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1537 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1538 userland debug files.
1540 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1541 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1542 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1544 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1545 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1548 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1549 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1550 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1551 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1552 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1553 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1556 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1557 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1558 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1561 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1562 them, the kernel must have
1565 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1567 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1568 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1569 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1570 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1572 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1573 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1576 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1577 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1578 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1581 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1582 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1583 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1584 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1586 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1587 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1588 difference with this change.
1590 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1591 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1592 remove that workaround.
1595 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1596 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1597 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1600 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1603 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1604 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1605 loader.rc.local instead.
1608 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1609 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1610 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1613 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1614 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1615 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1617 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1618 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1621 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1622 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1623 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1624 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1625 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1626 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1627 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1628 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1629 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1630 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1631 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1632 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1635 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1636 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1638 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1639 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1640 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1642 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1643 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1645 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1646 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1647 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1649 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1650 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1651 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1652 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1654 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1655 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1656 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1657 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1659 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1660 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1661 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1662 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1663 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1664 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1665 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1666 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1670 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1671 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1674 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1675 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1678 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1679 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1680 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1681 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1682 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1685 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1686 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1687 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1688 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1691 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1692 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1693 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1694 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1695 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1696 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1697 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1699 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1700 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1701 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1702 replace it with '2'.
1703 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1704 a file path, create a new file with:
1705 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1706 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1707 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1708 5. Restart sendmail:
1709 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1711 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1715 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1716 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1717 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1718 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1721 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1724 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1725 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1726 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1729 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1730 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1733 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1734 same but content is different now
1735 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1736 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1737 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1738 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1739 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1742 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1743 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1744 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1747 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1748 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1751 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1752 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1755 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1756 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1757 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1760 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1761 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1762 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1763 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1766 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1767 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1768 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1771 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1772 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1773 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1774 kernel before rebooting.
1777 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1778 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1779 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1780 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1781 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1782 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1785 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1786 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1787 with the new kernel.
1790 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1791 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1792 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1795 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1796 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1797 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1798 are not already using 3.5.0.
1801 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1802 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1803 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1804 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1805 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1808 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1809 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1810 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1811 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1814 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1815 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1818 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1820 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1821 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1822 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1823 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1824 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1825 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1828 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1829 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1832 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1833 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1834 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1835 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1837 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1838 the instructions for 9.x above.
1840 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1841 default, and do not build clang.
1843 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1844 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1845 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1847 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1848 the following are most likely to appear:
1852 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1853 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1854 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1855 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1856 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1857 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1858 cast, or disable the warning.
1860 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1861 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1862 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1863 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1866 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1867 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1869 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1870 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1871 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1872 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1874 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1875 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1876 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1877 unreachable could be optimized away.
1880 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1881 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1882 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1883 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1884 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1885 the utilities will report errors.
1888 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1889 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1890 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
1891 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1892 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1896 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1897 has been obsolete for a very long time.
1900 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1901 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1902 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1905 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1906 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1907 indicate what you need to do.
1909 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1910 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1911 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1913 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1914 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1918 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1919 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1923 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1924 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1928 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1932 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1933 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1934 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1935 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
1936 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1937 their next update cycle.
1940 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1941 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1942 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1943 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1947 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1948 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1951 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1952 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1953 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
1954 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1955 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1959 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1960 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1962 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1965 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1966 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1967 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
1968 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1972 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1973 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1977 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1978 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
1979 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1980 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1981 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1984 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1985 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1986 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1989 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1990 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1991 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1994 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1995 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
1996 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1997 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
1998 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1999 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
2000 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
2001 "make installworld".
2003 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
2004 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
2005 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
2008 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
2009 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
2010 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
2011 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
2012 be removed during a clean upgrade.
2015 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
2018 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
2019 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
2023 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
2024 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
2025 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
2026 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
2027 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
2028 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
2029 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
2030 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
2031 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
2032 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
2033 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
2034 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
2036 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
2037 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
2038 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2042 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2043 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2046 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2047 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2048 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2049 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2050 build hosts for older releases.
2052 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2053 r276991, respectively.
2056 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2057 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2058 will silently lack HESIOD.
2061 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2062 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2063 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2064 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2065 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2066 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2067 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2068 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2069 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2070 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2071 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2072 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
2075 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2076 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2077 with command line option -W.
2080 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2081 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2082 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2083 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2084 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2087 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2090 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
2091 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2094 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2095 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2096 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
2097 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2098 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2101 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2102 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
2103 kernel is still highly recommended.
2106 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2107 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
2108 capability mode support in kernel.
2111 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2112 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2113 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2114 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2115 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2118 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2119 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2120 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2121 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2122 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2123 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2126 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2127 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2128 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2129 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2130 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2131 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2132 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2133 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2134 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2137 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2138 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
2139 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2140 should change your settings to use the latter.
2143 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2144 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
2145 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
2146 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
2147 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2150 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2151 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2152 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2154 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2156 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2159 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2166 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2167 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2168 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2169 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2170 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2171 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2172 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2173 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2175 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2176 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2177 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2178 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2179 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2180 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2181 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2182 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2185 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2186 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2187 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2188 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2191 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2192 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2193 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2194 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2196 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2197 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2198 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2199 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2200 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2201 should write them with this in mind.
2205 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2208 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2209 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2211 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2213 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the
2214 freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2215 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0"
2216 The value $N will typically be 1 (if booting from BIOS) or 2 (if
2219 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2223 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2224 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2225 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2227 make kernel-toolchain
2228 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2229 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2231 To test a kernel once
2232 ---------------------
2233 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2234 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2235 debugging information) run
2236 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2237 nextboot -k testkernel
2239 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2240 -----------------------------------------------------------
2241 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2242 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2244 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2246 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2247 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2249 <reboot in single user> [3]
2256 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2257 --------------------------------------------------
2258 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2259 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2260 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2263 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2266 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2267 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2268 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2269 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2270 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2271 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2272 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2273 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2274 <reboot into current>
2275 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2276 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2280 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2281 ----------------------------------------------
2282 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2284 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2285 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2287 <reboot in single user> [3]
2294 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2295 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2296 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2297 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2298 the UPDATING entries.
2300 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2301 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2302 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2303 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2304 much fewer pitfalls.
2306 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2307 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2308 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2309 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
2310 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2311 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2312 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2313 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2315 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2317 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2321 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2322 cd src # full path to source
2323 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2324 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2325 into single user mode to do the installworld.
2327 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2328 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2329 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2330 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2331 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2332 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2333 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2335 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2336 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2337 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2338 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2339 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2340 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2342 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2343 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2344 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2346 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2347 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2348 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2349 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2350 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2351 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2352 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2353 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2355 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2356 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2357 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2360 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2361 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2362 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2364 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2365 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2366 warn if it is improperly defined.
2369 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2370 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2371 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2372 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2373 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2375 Copyright information:
2377 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2379 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2380 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2381 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2383 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2384 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2385 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2386 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2387 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2388 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2389 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2390 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2391 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2392 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2393 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2395 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
projects / FreeBSD / FreeBSD.git / blob