1 Updating Information for users of FreeBSD-CURRENT.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before updating system packages
15 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 15.x IS SLOW:
16 FreeBSD 15.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
20 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
21 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
22 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
26 debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27 world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28 at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
31 cron, lpr, and ntpd have been moved from FreeBSD-utilities into their
32 own packages. If you use pkgbase, you should install the relevant
33 packages: FreeBSD-cron, FreeBSD-lp, or FreeBSD-ntp.
36 For dynamically linked programs, system calls are now made from
37 libsys rather than libc. No change in linkage is required as
38 libsys is an auxiliary filter for libc. People building custom
39 images must ensure that libsys.so.7 is included.
42 Loader now also read configuration files listed in local_loader_conf_files.
43 Files listed here are the last ones read. And /boot/loader.conf.local was
44 moved from loader_conf_files to local_loader_conf_files leaving only
45 loader.conf and device.hints in loader_conf_files by default.
47 The following sequencing is applied:
50 /boot/defaults/loader.conf
52 2. Read loader_conf_files files:
56 3. Read loader_conf_dirs files:
57 /boot/loader.conf.d/*.conf
59 4. And finally, rread local_loader_conf_files files:
60 /boot/loader.conf.local
63 sendmail 8.18.1 has been imported and merged. This version enforces
64 stricter RFC compliance by default, especially with respect to line
65 endings. This may cause issues with receiving messages from
66 non-compliant MTAs; please see the first 8.18.1 release note in
67 contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES for mitigations.
70 Commit cc760de2183f changed the internal interface between
71 the nfscommon and nfscl modules. As such, both need to be
72 rebuilt from sources. Therefore, __FreeBSD_version was
76 If you have an arm64 system that uses ACPI, you will need to update your
77 loader.efi in the ESP when you update past this point. Detection of ACPI
78 was moved earlier in the binary so the scripts could use it, but old
79 binaries don't have this, so we default to 'no ACPI' in this case. You can
80 undisable ACPI by doing
81 OK unset hint.acpi.0.disabled
82 This can also be used to recover any other system that was updated in the
83 small window where amd64 was also broken.
86 The WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD option has been removed. When LLD is enabled
87 it is always installed as /usr/bin/ld.
90 Forward compatibility (running the new code on old kernels) for the
91 "ino64" project have been removed. The need for it has passed long ago.
94 Commit 57ce37f9dcd0 changed the internal KAPI between the
95 nfscommon and nfscl modules. Both must be rebuilt from sources.
98 dialog(1) has been replaced in base by bsddialog(1), while most of the
99 time replacing a dialog(1) call by a bsddialog(1) call works out of the
100 box, bsddialog(1) is not considered as a drop-in replacement for
103 If you do depend on dialog(1) functionality, please install cdialog
109 The EARLY_AP_STARTUP kernel option is mandatory on x86. The option
110 has been added to DEFAULTS, so it should automatically be included in
111 custom kernel configurations without any additional change.
114 A new loader tunable net.pf.default_to_drop allows pf(4)’s default
115 behaviour to be changed from pass to drop. Previously this required
116 recompiling the kernel with the option PF_DEFAULT_TO_DROP.
119 Enable splitting out pkgbase manpages into separate packages by
120 default. To disable this, set WITHOUT_MANSPLITPKG=yes in src.conf.
123 Move standard include files to the clibs-dev package and move clang
124 internal libraries and headers to clang and clang-dev. Upgrading systems
125 installed using pkgbase past this change involves extra steps to allow
126 for these file moves:
128 pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities
129 pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities-dev
133 Enable vnet sysctl variables to be loader tunable. SYSCTLs which
134 belongs to VNETs can be initialized during early boot or module
135 loading if they are marked with CTLFLAG_TUN and there are
136 corresponding kernel environment variables.
139 The WITH_INIT_ALL_PATTERN and WITH_INIT_ALL_ZERO build options have
140 been replaced by INIT_ALL=pattern and INIT_ALL=zero respectively.
143 FreeBSD 15.0-CURRENT.
146 Serial communication (in boot loaders, kernel, and userland) has
147 been changed to default to 115200 bps, in line with common industry
148 practice and typcial firmware serial console redirection
151 Note that the early x86 BIOS bootloader (i.e., boot0sio) does not
152 support rates above 9600 bps and is not changed. boot0sio users may
153 set BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED=9600 to use 9600 for all of the boot
154 components, or use the standard boot0 and have the boot2 stage start
155 with the serial port at 115200.
158 Following the general removal of MIPS support, the ath(4) AHB bus-
159 frontend has been removed, too, and building of the PCI support is
160 integrated with the ath(4) main module again. As a result, there's
161 no longer a need for if_ath_pci_load="YES" in /boot/loader.conf or
162 "device ath_pci" in the kernel configuration.
165 MAXCPU has been increased to 1024 in the amd64 GENERIC kernel config.
166 Out-of-tree kernel modules will need to be rebuilt.
169 CAM has been mechanically updated s/u_int(64|32|16|8)_t/uint\1_t/g
170 to move to the standard uintXX_t types from the old, traditional
171 BSD u_intXX_t types. This should be a NOP, but may cause problems
172 for out of tree changes. The SIMs were not updated since most of
173 the old u_intXX_t uses weren't due to CAM interfaces.
176 stable/14 branch created.
179 The heuristic for detecting old chromebooks with an EC bug that requires
180 atkbdc driver workarounds has changed. There should be no functional
181 change, but if your old chromebook's keyboard stops working, please
182 file a PR and assign it to imp.
185 OpenSSL has been updated to version 3.0, including changes throughout
186 the base system. It is important to rebuild third-party software
190 To enable pf rdr rules for connections initiated from the host, pf
191 filter rules can be optionally enabled for packets delivered
192 locally. This can change the behavior of rules which match packets
193 delivered to lo0. To enable this feature:
195 sysctl net.pf.filter_local=1
198 When enabled, its best to ensure that packets delivered locally are not
199 filtered, e.g. by adding a 'skip on lo' rule.
202 Improvements to libtacplus(8) mean that tacplus.conf(5) now
203 follows POSIX shell syntax rules. This may cause TACACS+
204 authentication to fail if the shared secret contains a single
205 quote, double quote, or backslash character which isn't
206 already properly quoted or escaped.
209 Belatedly switch the default nvme block device on x86 from nvd to nda.
210 nda created nvd compatibility links by default, so this should be a
211 nop. If this causes problems for your application, set hw.nvme.use_nvd=1
212 in your loader.conf or add `options NVME_USE_NVD=1` to your kernel
213 config. To disable the nvd compatibility aliases, add
214 kern.cam.nda.nvd_compat=0 to loader.conf. The default has been nda on
215 all non-x86 platforms for some time now. If you need to fall back,
216 please email imp@freebsd.org about why.
218 Encrypted swap partitions need to be changed from nvd to nda if you
219 migrate, or you need to use the above to switch back to nvd.
222 Remove portsnap(8). Users are encouraged to obtain the ports tree
226 Add jobs.mk to save typing. Enables -j${JOB_MAX} and logging
230 make -j${JOB_MAX} buildworld > ../buildworld.log 2>&1
232 where JOB_MAX is derrived from ncpus in local.sys.mk if not set in env.
235 Video related devices for some arm devices have been renamed.
236 If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
237 IMX6 board you need to add "device dwc_hdmi" "device imx6_hdmi" and
238 "device imx6_ipu" to it.
239 If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
240 TI AM335X board you need to add "device tda19988" to it.
241 If you add "device hdmi" in it you need to remove it as it doesn't
245 Introduce new kernel options KBD_DELAY1 and KBD_DELAY2. See atkbdc(4)
249 sshd now defaults to having X11Forwarding disabled, following upstream.
250 Administrators who wish to enable X11Forwarding should add
251 `X11Forwarding yes` to /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
254 Since commit 75d41cb6967 Huawei 3G/4G LTE Mobile Devices do not default
255 to ECM, but NCM mode and need u3g and ucom modules loaded. See cdce(4).
258 As of commit 7c40e2d5f685, the dependency on netlink(4) has been added
259 to the linux_common(4) module. Users relying on linux_common may need
260 to complile netlink(4) module if it is not present in their kernel.
263 The WITHOUT_CXX option has been removed. C++ components in the base
264 system are now built unconditionally.
267 LinuxKPI pci.h changes may require out-of-tree drivers to be recompiled.
268 Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400078 to be able to detect this change.
271 llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump. Previously there was
272 no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used.
274 Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to
275 GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU
276 objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package.
279 dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta. For people willing
280 to reenable sendmail(8):
282 $ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf
284 and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf.
287 hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by
288 default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach
289 the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying
290 the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one
291 needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set
292 the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false).
294 NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues
297 pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'.
298 These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as
299 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
302 The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed. When Clang is enabled
303 it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp).
306 Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended
307 for pkgbase users to do:
309 pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \
310 FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch
312 after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously
316 OPIE has been removed from the base system. If needed, it can
317 be installed from ports (security/opie) or packages (opie).
318 Otherwise, make sure that your PAM policies do not reference
319 pam_opie or pam_opieaccess.
322 LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version
323 before re-compiling to avoid errors.
326 The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
327 have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
328 Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
329 be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to
333 A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by
334 themselves. A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this.
337 Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of
338 mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in
339 the coming days and weeks.
341 This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build
343 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def
344 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def
345 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def
346 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def
347 before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to.
350 Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is
351 by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault
352 statement in unbound.conf:
353 local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault
355 Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice.
357 The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375:
358 Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured
359 using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way
360 to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer
361 belongs. Consequently, users may experience surprising results with
362 such names when roaming to different homenets.
365 Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so
366 that any of the included congestion control modules could be
367 the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno
368 was automatically built in through direct reference. As of
369 this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion
370 control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a
371 default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\").
372 The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno
373 as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the
374 kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will
375 fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail.
378 Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the
382 Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE.
383 The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out
384 of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE
385 may need to be modified.
388 The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed.
389 The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4)
390 support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option.
393 sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user. To force root to use
394 the csh shell, please run the following command as root:
399 Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses
400 with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link
401 to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect
405 As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the
406 ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such
407 users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the
408 list of modules to load on their systems.
411 As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly
412 new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more
413 information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports:
414 audio/freebsd-13-mixer
417 As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has
418 been deleted from the nfscommon.ko. As such, nfsd.ko must be built
419 from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when
423 As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
424 by default. Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
425 option. This can be enabled globally by using a custom
426 OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
427 application-specific configuration option for applications
428 which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
431 Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
432 modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources.
435 Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
436 As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
437 users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
438 past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
441 As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer
442 change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the
443 MTU on all member interfaces instead.
446 Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
447 and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
448 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
451 The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
452 been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
453 installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
454 kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
455 script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
456 to update your sources past the above hash and do
459 % sudo -E make install
460 to enable building kernels again.
463 Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
464 modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources. I did not
465 bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
468 awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
469 This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
472 The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
473 supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
475 The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
478 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
479 Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
480 (mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
481 additions and others.
484 The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
485 renamed to "untrusted".
488 svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
489 please install the svn package or port.
492 Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
493 and nfsserver. As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
494 sources. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
497 The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
500 The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
501 start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
502 https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
503 for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
504 short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
505 git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
506 (assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
509 Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
510 which break drm-kmod. In addition various other additions where
511 committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to
515 Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
516 libraries and utilities are packaged.
517 It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
518 pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
519 before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
520 and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
524 Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
525 the nfsd and nfscommon modules. As such these modules
526 need to be rebuilt from sources.
527 Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
528 delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
532 Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
533 the krpc and NFS. As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
534 nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
535 Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
536 be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
537 needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
540 Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
541 handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
542 Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
543 mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
546 For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
547 Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default. It may be
548 disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob. A clean build is required.
551 Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
552 Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003
556 stable/13 branch created.
559 PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
560 wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
561 PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
562 since it was bumped so recently.
565 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
566 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of
567 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
568 be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
571 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
572 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
573 requires a clean build.
576 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
577 instructions can be found at
578 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
579 and other documents in that repo.
582 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
583 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
584 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
585 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
588 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb)
589 may be installed from ports or packages.
592 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6".
593 See ping(8) for details.
596 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
597 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
598 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
601 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
602 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
603 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
604 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
605 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
608 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
609 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
610 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
611 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
612 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
616 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
617 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
618 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
619 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
621 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
622 command you want to un-auger the tree is
625 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
626 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
629 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
630 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
631 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
632 unless you want to use new features.
634 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
635 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
636 rebuilding world may fail.
638 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
639 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
641 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
642 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
643 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
644 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
647 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
648 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
649 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
650 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
653 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
654 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
658 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
659 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
662 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
663 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
664 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
665 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
668 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
669 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
670 from sources, so a version bump was done.
673 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
674 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
675 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
676 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
679 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
680 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
681 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
682 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
683 continue to function.
685 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
686 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
687 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
688 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
691 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
692 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
693 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
694 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
695 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
696 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
697 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
700 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
701 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
704 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
705 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
706 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
709 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
710 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
711 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
712 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
714 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
715 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
716 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
717 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
721 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
722 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
723 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
724 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
727 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
728 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
731 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
732 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
733 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
734 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
735 be functional without closefrom(2).
738 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
739 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
740 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
741 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
742 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
743 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
746 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
747 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
748 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
749 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
752 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
753 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
754 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
757 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
760 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
761 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
762 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
765 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
766 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
769 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
770 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
771 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
775 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
776 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
780 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
781 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
782 together with their new kernel.
785 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
786 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
787 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
789 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
790 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
793 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
797 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
798 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
799 external toolchain package.
802 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
803 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
804 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
805 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
806 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
809 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
810 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
811 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
812 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
815 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
816 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
817 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
821 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
824 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
825 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
826 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
827 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
830 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
831 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
832 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
835 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
836 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
837 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
838 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
839 differences between those included in the port and those included in
840 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
841 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
842 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
845 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
846 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
850 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
851 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
852 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
853 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
854 add superio to the set.
857 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
858 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
861 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
862 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
863 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
864 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
865 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
866 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
867 completely in the future.
870 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
871 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
872 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
873 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
874 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
875 will be removed from the list.
878 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
879 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
880 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
881 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
884 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
885 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
886 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
887 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
890 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
891 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
892 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
893 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
896 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
897 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
898 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
901 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
902 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
903 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
904 your scripts, because they had no effect.
906 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
907 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
908 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
909 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
910 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
913 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
914 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
915 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
916 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
917 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
918 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
919 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
922 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
923 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
924 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
925 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
928 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
929 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
930 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
931 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
934 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
935 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
936 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
939 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
940 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
941 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
942 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
943 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
944 avoid running into the limit.
947 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
948 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
951 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
952 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
953 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
954 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
955 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
956 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
959 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
960 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
963 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
964 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
965 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
966 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
967 availability properties.
969 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
970 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
971 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
972 initial condition, if desired.
974 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
975 Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
977 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
978 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
979 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
980 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
983 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
984 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
985 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
986 therefore unblocked).
989 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
990 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
991 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
992 is added to the command line.
993 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
994 not affected and should continue to work.
997 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
998 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
999 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
1000 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
1003 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1004 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1005 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1009 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
1010 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
1014 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
1015 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
1016 migrating to the drm ports.
1019 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
1020 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
1021 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
1022 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
1023 is loaded automatically.
1026 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
1027 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
1028 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
1029 kernel config files.
1032 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
1033 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
1034 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
1035 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
1038 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
1039 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
1040 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
1041 from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
1042 NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
1046 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
1047 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
1048 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
1050 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
1051 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
1053 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
1054 removed from the mips port.
1057 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1058 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1059 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1063 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
1064 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
1067 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
1068 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
1069 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
1070 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
1073 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
1074 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
1075 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
1078 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
1079 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
1080 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
1084 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
1085 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
1086 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
1088 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
1089 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
1090 being included using the command:
1094 Stable/12 was branched created.
1097 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
1098 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
1101 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
1102 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
1103 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
1104 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
1105 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
1106 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
1107 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
1108 that as you will get better support.
1110 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
1111 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
1112 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
1113 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
1115 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
1116 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
1117 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
1118 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
1122 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
1123 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
1124 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
1125 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
1126 be adjusted as necessary.
1129 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
1130 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
1131 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
1132 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
1135 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
1136 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
1137 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
1138 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
1142 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
1143 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
1144 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
1145 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
1149 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
1150 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
1151 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
1152 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
1153 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
1154 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
1157 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
1158 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
1159 default since FreeBSD-11.
1162 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
1163 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
1164 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
1167 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
1168 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
1169 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
1170 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
1171 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
1172 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
1173 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
1175 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
1176 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
1179 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
1180 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
1181 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
1182 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
1183 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
1184 may not be observed in a future release.
1187 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
1188 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
1192 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
1193 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
1194 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
1195 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
1198 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
1199 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
1200 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
1201 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
1205 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
1206 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
1207 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
1210 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
1211 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
1212 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
1213 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
1214 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
1217 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
1218 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
1219 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
1220 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
1221 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
1222 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
1225 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
1226 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
1227 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
1230 in /boot/loader.conf
1231 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
1232 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
1233 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
1236 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
1237 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
1238 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
1239 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
1240 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
1241 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
1242 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
1243 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
1244 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
1245 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
1249 Big endian arm support has been removed.
1252 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
1253 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
1254 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
1255 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
1256 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
1259 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
1260 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
1261 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
1262 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
1263 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
1264 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
1267 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
1268 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
1271 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
1272 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
1273 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
1274 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
1275 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
1276 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
1277 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
1280 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1281 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1282 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1286 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
1287 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
1288 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
1292 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
1293 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
1296 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
1297 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
1301 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
1302 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
1303 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
1304 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
1307 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
1308 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
1309 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
1313 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
1314 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
1315 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1319 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1320 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1321 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1322 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1323 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1324 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1327 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1328 workaround is necessary.
1331 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1332 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
1333 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
1334 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1337 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
1338 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1339 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1340 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1341 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1344 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
1345 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1346 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
1347 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1350 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
1351 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1352 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1356 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
1357 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1361 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
1362 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1366 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1367 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1368 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1369 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1370 microseconds and time zone offsets.
1372 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1373 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1374 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1375 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1376 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1377 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1378 adjustments, depending on the software used.
1380 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1381 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1384 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1387 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1388 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1389 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1391 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1393 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1394 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1395 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1396 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1397 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1398 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1399 thus expected to continue to function as before.
1401 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1405 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1406 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1407 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1410 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1411 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1412 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1413 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1414 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1415 should be as simple as:
1417 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1418 $ make depend all install
1421 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1422 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1423 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1424 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1425 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1426 provisions for backup boot methods.
1429 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1430 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1431 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1435 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1436 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1437 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1441 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1442 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1443 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1445 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1446 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1449 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1450 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1451 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1452 remove it from kernel config files.
1455 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1456 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1457 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1459 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1460 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1463 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1464 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1465 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1466 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1469 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1470 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1473 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1474 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1475 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1476 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1479 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1480 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1481 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1482 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1483 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1484 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1487 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1488 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1489 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1492 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1493 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
1494 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
1495 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1496 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1499 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1500 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1501 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1502 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1503 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1507 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1508 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1509 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
1510 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1511 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1512 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1513 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1514 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1515 than hardcoding paths.
1518 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1519 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1520 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1523 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1524 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1525 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1526 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1529 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1530 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1533 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1534 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1535 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1536 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1539 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1540 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1541 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1542 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1543 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1546 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
1547 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1548 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
1549 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1553 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1554 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1555 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1556 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1557 soft-float everything else should be affected.
1560 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
1561 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1564 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1565 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1569 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1570 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1574 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1575 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1576 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1577 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1579 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1580 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1581 sandbox if successful.
1583 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1584 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1585 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1586 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1587 an unprivileged user.
1590 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1591 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1592 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1593 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1594 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1595 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1596 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1597 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1598 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1599 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1600 to which you should answer yes.
1603 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1604 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1605 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1606 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1607 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1610 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1611 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1612 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1615 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1616 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1619 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1620 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1621 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1622 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1623 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1624 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1625 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1628 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1629 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1630 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1631 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1632 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1633 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1636 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1637 if you require the GPL compiler.
1640 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1641 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1642 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1643 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1644 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1645 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1648 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1649 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1650 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1653 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1654 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1655 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1659 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1660 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1661 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1662 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1663 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1664 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1667 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1668 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1669 which only require one chipset support.
1671 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1675 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1676 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1677 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1679 If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
1680 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1683 * load the chip modules in question
1684 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1686 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1687 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1689 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1692 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1693 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1694 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1696 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1697 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1698 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1700 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1701 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1702 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1703 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1704 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1705 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1706 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1707 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1710 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1711 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1712 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1715 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1716 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1717 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1720 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1721 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1722 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1723 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1724 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1725 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1726 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1729 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1730 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1731 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1732 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1735 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1736 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1737 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1740 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1741 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1742 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1745 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1746 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1748 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1749 via one of the following methods:
1750 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1751 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1752 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1753 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1755 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1758 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1759 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1760 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1761 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1765 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1766 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1767 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1768 be prefixed with colon.
1771 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1772 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1773 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1776 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1777 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1778 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1781 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1782 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1783 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1787 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1791 MCA bus support has been removed.
1794 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1795 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1798 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1799 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1802 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1803 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1804 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1808 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1809 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1810 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1813 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1814 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1815 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1818 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1819 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1820 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1823 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1824 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1825 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1826 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1829 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1830 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1832 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1833 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1836 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1837 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1838 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1842 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1843 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1844 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1847 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1848 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1851 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1852 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1853 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1854 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1857 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1858 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1859 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1860 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1861 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1864 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1867 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1868 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1869 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1870 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1873 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1874 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1875 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1879 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1880 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1881 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1882 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1883 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1887 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1888 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1891 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1893 After branch N is created, entries older than the N-2 branch point are removed
1894 from this file. After stable/14 is branched and current becomes FreeBSD 15,
1895 entries older than stable/12 branch point will be removed from current's
1902 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1903 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
1904 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
1905 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1906 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1907 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
1908 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
1909 report a bug if it happens consistently.
1911 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1912 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1913 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1914 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
1915 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
1916 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1917 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1918 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1921 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
1922 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
1923 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
1924 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
1927 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1928 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1929 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1930 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1932 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1933 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1934 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1935 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1936 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1937 should write them with this in mind.
1941 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version (via zpool upgrade),
1942 always follow these three steps:
1944 1) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1945 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1947 2) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive (only required when
1948 doing a zpool upgrade):
1950 When booting on x86 via BIOS, use the following to update the ZFS boot
1951 block on the freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1952 gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0
1953 The value $N will typically be 1. For EFI booting, see EFI notes.
1955 3) zpool upgrade the root pool. New bootblocks will work with old
1956 pools, but not vice versa, so they need to be updated before any
1959 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1964 There are two locations the boot loader can be installed into. The
1965 current location (and the default) is \efi\freebsd\loader.efi and using
1966 efibootmgr(8) to configure it. The old location, that must be used on
1967 deficient systems that don't honor efibootmgr(8) protocols, is the
1968 fallback location of \EFI\BOOT\BOOTxxx.EFI. Generally, you will copy
1969 /boot/loader.efi to this location, but on systems installed a long time
1970 ago the ESP may be too small and /boot/boot1.efi may be needed unless
1971 the ESP has been expanded in the meantime.
1973 Recent systems will have the ESP mounted on /boot/efi, but older ones
1974 may not have it mounted at all, or mounted in a different
1975 location. Older arm SD images with MBR used /boot/msdos as the
1976 mountpoint. The ESP is a MSDOS filesystem.
1978 The EFI boot loader rarely needs to be updated. For ZFS booting,
1979 however, you must update loader.efi before you do 'zpool upgrade' the
1980 root zpool, otherwise the old loader.efi may reject the upgraded zpool
1981 since it does not automatically understand some new features.
1983 See loader.efi(8) and uefi(8) for more details.
1987 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1988 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
1989 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1991 make kernel-toolchain
1992 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1993 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1995 To test a kernel once
1996 ---------------------
1997 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1998 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1999 debugging information) run
2000 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2001 nextboot -k testkernel
2003 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2004 -----------------------------------------------------------
2005 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2006 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2008 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2010 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2011 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2013 <reboot in single user> [3]
2020 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2021 --------------------------------------------------
2022 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2023 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2024 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2027 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2030 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2031 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2032 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2033 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2034 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2035 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2036 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2037 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2038 <reboot into current>
2039 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2040 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2044 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2045 ----------------------------------------------
2046 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2048 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2049 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2051 <reboot in single user> [3]
2058 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2059 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2060 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2061 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2062 the UPDATING entries.
2064 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2065 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2066 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2067 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2068 much fewer pitfalls.
2070 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2071 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2072 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2073 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
2074 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2075 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2076 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2077 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2079 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2081 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2085 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2086 cd src # full path to source
2087 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2088 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2089 into single user mode to do the installworld.
2091 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2092 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2093 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2094 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2095 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2096 for potential gotchas. See etcupdate(8) for more information.
2098 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2099 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2102 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2103 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2104 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2106 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2107 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2108 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2109 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2110 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2111 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2112 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2113 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2115 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2116 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2117 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2120 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2121 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2122 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2124 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2125 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2126 warn if it is improperly defined.
2129 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2130 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2131 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2132 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2133 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2135 Copyright information:
2137 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2139 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2140 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2141 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2143 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2144 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2145 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2146 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2147 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2148 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2149 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2150 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2151 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2152 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2153 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2155 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of