1 Updating Information for FreeBSD stable/12 users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before updating system packages
15 NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
16 from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG and WITH_GCC to bootstrap to
17 the tip of head, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process
18 from older version of current across the gcc/clang cutover is a bit fragile.
21 The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
22 been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
23 installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
24 kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
25 script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
26 to update your sources past the above hash and do
29 % sudo -E make install
30 to enable building kernels again.
33 awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
34 This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
37 Commit 6ae32cc8182f changed the internal KAPI between the krpc and
38 nfsd modules. As such, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
39 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1202508.
42 Commit e9959506d2cc changed the internal KAPI between the
43 nscl.ko and nfscommon.ko modules, so they both need to be
47 Commit 0a1fdb867c72 changed the internal KAPI between
48 the krpc and NFS. As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
49 nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
50 Without this patch, NFSv4.1 mounts should not
51 be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
52 needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
55 The make.conf(5) MALLOC_PRODUCTION variable, used for disabling and
56 enabling assertions and statistics gathering in malloc(3), has been
57 migrated to a src.conf(5) WITH/WITHOUT_MALLOC_PRODUCTION option.
59 On stable branches, WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION is set by default, which
60 means that malloc(3) has assertions and statistics gathering disabled,
61 for improved performance.
63 For backwards compatibility, the make.conf(5) MALLOC_PRODUCTION is still
64 honored, but it is now deprecated and undocumented.
67 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
68 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
69 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
70 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
73 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
74 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
75 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
76 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
79 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
80 re-enable it for the entire system with the
81 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB.
83 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
84 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
85 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
86 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc.
89 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
90 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
91 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
92 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
93 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
94 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
97 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
98 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
99 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
100 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
103 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
104 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
105 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
106 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
107 differences between those included in the port and those included in
108 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
109 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
110 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
113 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
114 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
115 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
116 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
119 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
120 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
121 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
122 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
123 add superio to the set.
126 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
127 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
128 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
129 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
130 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
131 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
134 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
135 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
136 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
137 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
140 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
141 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
142 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
143 your scripts, because they had no effect.
145 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
146 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
147 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
148 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
149 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
152 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
153 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
154 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
155 "options FUSE" enties in kernel config files.
158 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
159 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
160 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
161 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
162 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
163 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
164 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
167 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
168 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
169 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
170 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
173 Now Clang 8 has been merged (see the 20190412 entry below), the ifunc
174 functionality needed for the RETPOLINE option should work properly
175 again. The RETPOLINE option has been removed from BROKEN_OPTIONS.
178 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
179 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
180 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
184 The RETPOLINE option produces non-functional ifunc-using binaries
185 with Clang 7.0.1, and has been forced off (via BROKEN_OPTIONS).
186 Once Clang 8 is merged it may be enabled again.
189 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
190 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
191 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
195 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
196 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
200 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
201 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
202 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
203 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
204 is loaded automatically.
207 r342561 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
208 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
209 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
210 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
211 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
215 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
216 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
217 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
218 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
221 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
222 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
223 FreeBSD-13. A depreciation warning will be printed to stderr by
224 the ctm command, but the functionality will remain in base for all
228 The stable/12 branch has been created in subversion from head
232 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
233 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
236 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
237 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
238 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
239 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
240 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
241 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
242 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
243 that as you will get better support.
245 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
246 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
247 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package asap
248 and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
250 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
251 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
252 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
253 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
257 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
258 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
259 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
260 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
261 be adjusted as necessary.
264 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
265 additional various API changes througout the base system. It is
266 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
267 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
270 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
271 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
272 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
273 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
277 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
278 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
279 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
280 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
284 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
285 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
286 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
287 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
288 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
289 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
292 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
293 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
294 default since FreeBSD-11.
297 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
298 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
299 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
302 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
303 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
304 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
305 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
306 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
307 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
308 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
310 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
311 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
314 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
315 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
316 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
317 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
318 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
319 may not be observed in a future release.
322 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
323 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
327 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
328 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
329 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
330 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
333 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
334 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
335 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
336 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
340 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
341 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
342 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
345 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
346 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
347 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
348 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
349 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
352 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
353 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
354 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
355 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
356 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
357 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
360 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
361 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
362 setup a frambuffer for us to use, just add :
366 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
367 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a framebuffer are that
368 u-boot will expose as an EFI framebuffer.
371 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
372 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
373 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
374 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
375 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
376 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
377 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
378 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
379 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
380 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
384 Big endian arm support has been removed.
387 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
388 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
389 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
390 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
391 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
394 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
395 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
396 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
397 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
398 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
399 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
402 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
403 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
406 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
407 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
408 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
409 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
410 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
411 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
412 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
415 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
416 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
417 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
421 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
422 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
423 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed file.
426 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
427 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
430 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
431 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
435 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
436 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
437 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
438 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
441 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
442 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
443 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
447 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
448 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
449 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
453 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
454 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
455 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
456 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
457 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
458 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
461 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
462 workaround is necessary.
465 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
466 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was aquired by Exar and
467 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
468 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
471 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
472 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
473 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
474 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
475 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
478 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
479 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
480 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
481 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
484 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
485 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
486 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
490 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
491 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
495 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
496 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
500 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
501 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
502 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
503 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
504 microseconds and time zone offsets.
506 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
507 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
508 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
509 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
510 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
511 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
512 adjustments, depending on the software used.
514 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
515 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
518 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
521 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
522 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
523 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
525 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
527 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
528 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
529 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
530 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
531 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
532 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
533 thus expected to continue to function as before.
535 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
539 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
540 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
541 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
544 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
545 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
546 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
547 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
548 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
549 should be as simple as:
551 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
552 $ make depend all install
555 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
556 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
557 Co-existance for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
558 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
559 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
560 provisions for backup boot methods.
563 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
564 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers to
565 be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and imp@freebsd.org.
568 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
569 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
570 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
574 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
575 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
576 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
578 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
579 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
582 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
583 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was still
584 needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to remove it
585 from kernel config files.
588 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
589 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
590 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
592 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
593 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
596 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
597 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
598 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
599 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
602 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
603 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
606 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
607 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
608 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
609 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
612 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
613 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
614 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
615 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
616 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
617 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
620 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
621 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
622 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
625 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
626 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
627 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
628 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
629 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
632 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
633 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
634 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
635 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
636 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
640 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
641 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
642 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
643 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
644 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
645 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
646 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
647 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
648 than hardcoding paths.
651 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
652 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
653 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
656 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
657 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
658 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
659 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
662 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
663 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
666 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
667 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
668 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
669 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
672 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
673 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
674 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
675 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
676 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
679 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
680 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
681 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
682 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
686 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
687 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
688 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
689 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
690 soft-float everything else should be affected.
693 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
694 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
697 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
698 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
702 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
703 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
707 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
708 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
709 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
710 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
712 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
713 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
714 sandbox if successful.
716 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
717 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
718 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
719 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
720 an unprivileged user.
723 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
724 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
725 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
726 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
727 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
728 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
729 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
730 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
731 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
732 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
733 to which you should answer yes.
736 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
737 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
738 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
739 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
740 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
743 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
744 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
745 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
748 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
749 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
752 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
753 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
754 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
755 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
756 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
757 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
758 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
761 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
762 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
763 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
764 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
765 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
766 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
769 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
770 if you require the GPL compiler.
773 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
774 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
775 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
778 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
779 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
780 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
784 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
785 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
786 from ports (and recommends to install it).
787 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
788 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
789 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
792 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
793 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
794 which only require one chipset support.
796 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
800 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
801 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
802 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
804 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
805 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
808 * load the chip modules in question
809 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
811 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
812 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
814 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
817 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
818 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
819 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
821 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
822 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
823 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
825 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
826 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the
827 full procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild
828 everything and install it on the current system." Specifically,
829 a reboot is required after installing the new kernel before
833 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
834 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
835 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
838 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
839 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
840 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
843 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
844 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
845 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
846 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
847 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
848 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
849 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
852 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
853 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
854 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
855 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
858 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
859 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
860 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
863 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
864 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
865 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
868 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
869 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
871 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
872 via one of the following methods:
873 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
874 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
875 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
876 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
878 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
881 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
882 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
883 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
884 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
888 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
889 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
890 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
891 be prefixed with colon.
894 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
895 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
896 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
899 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
900 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
901 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
904 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
905 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
906 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
910 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
914 MCA bus support has been removed.
917 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
918 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
921 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
922 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
925 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
926 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
927 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom configuration.
930 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
931 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
932 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
935 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
936 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
937 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
940 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
941 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
942 that link against it need to be recompiled.
945 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
946 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
947 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
948 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
951 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
952 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
954 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
955 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
958 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
959 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
960 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
964 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
965 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
966 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
969 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
970 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
973 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
974 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
975 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
976 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
979 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
980 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
981 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
982 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
983 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
986 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
989 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
990 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
991 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
992 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
995 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
996 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
997 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1001 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1002 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1003 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1004 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1005 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1009 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1010 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1013 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1016 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1017 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1018 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1019 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1020 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1021 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1025 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1026 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1027 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1028 previously contained a line like
1029 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1030 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1031 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1035 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1036 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1037 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1038 built with the old headers.
1041 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1042 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1043 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1044 installing a new libc.
1047 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1048 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1049 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1050 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1051 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1052 packages will be needed.
1054 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1055 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1056 and the install steps.
1059 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1060 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1061 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1062 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1063 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1064 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1067 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1068 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1069 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1070 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1071 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1073 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1074 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1075 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1076 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1077 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1079 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1080 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1081 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1082 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1083 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1084 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1087 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1088 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1089 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1090 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1091 quirks entry to 0x3.
1094 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1095 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1096 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1099 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1100 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1103 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1104 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1105 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1106 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1107 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1108 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1109 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1110 stale .depend files.
1113 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1114 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1115 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1119 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1120 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1121 make -C sys/boot install
1122 <reboot in single user>
1124 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1128 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1129 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1130 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1133 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1134 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1135 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1136 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1137 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1138 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1141 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1142 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1143 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1144 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1145 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1148 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1149 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1150 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1151 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1152 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1155 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1156 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1159 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1160 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1161 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1164 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1165 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1166 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1170 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1171 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1172 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1173 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1174 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1175 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1178 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1179 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1180 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1181 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1185 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1186 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1187 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1190 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1191 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1192 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1194 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1195 collation results will be different.
1197 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1198 locales before running make installworld.
1200 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1203 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1204 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1207 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1208 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1209 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1212 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1213 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1214 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1215 and 'make -N' will not.
1218 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1219 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1220 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1221 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1222 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1223 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1224 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1225 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1228 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1229 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1230 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1231 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1234 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1235 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1236 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1239 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1240 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1241 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1242 userland debug files.
1244 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1245 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1246 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1248 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1249 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1252 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1253 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1254 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1255 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1256 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1257 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1260 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1261 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1262 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1265 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1266 them, the kernel must have
1269 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1271 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1272 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1273 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1274 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1276 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1277 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1280 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1281 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1282 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1285 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1286 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1287 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1288 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1290 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1291 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1292 difference with this change.
1294 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1295 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1296 remove that workaround.
1299 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1300 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1301 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1304 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1307 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1308 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1309 loader.rc.local instead.
1312 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1313 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1314 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1317 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1318 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1319 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1321 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1322 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1325 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1326 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1327 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1328 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1329 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1330 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1331 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1332 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1333 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1334 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1335 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1336 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1339 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1340 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1342 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1343 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1344 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1346 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1347 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1349 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1350 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1351 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1353 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1354 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1355 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1356 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1358 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1359 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1360 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1361 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1363 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1364 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1365 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1366 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1367 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1368 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1369 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1370 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1374 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1375 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1378 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1379 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1382 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1383 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1384 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1385 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1386 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1389 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1390 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1391 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1392 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1395 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1396 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1397 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1398 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1399 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1400 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1401 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1403 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1404 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1405 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1406 replace it with '2'.
1407 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1408 a file path, create a new file with:
1409 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1410 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1411 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1412 5. Restart sendmail:
1413 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1415 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1419 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1420 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1421 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1422 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1425 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1428 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1429 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1430 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1433 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1434 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1437 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1438 same but content is different now
1439 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1440 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1441 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1442 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1443 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1446 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1447 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1448 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1451 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1452 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1455 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1456 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1459 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1460 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1461 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1464 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1465 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1466 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1467 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1470 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1471 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1472 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1475 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1476 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1477 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1478 kernel before rebooting.
1481 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1482 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1483 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1484 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1485 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1486 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1489 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1490 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1491 with the new kernel.
1494 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1495 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1496 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1499 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1500 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1501 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1502 are not already using 3.5.0.
1505 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1506 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1507 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1508 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1509 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1512 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1513 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1514 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1515 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1518 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1519 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1522 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1524 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1525 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1526 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1527 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1528 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1529 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1532 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1533 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1536 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1537 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1538 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1539 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1541 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1542 the instructions for 9.x above.
1544 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1545 default, and do not build clang.
1547 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1548 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1549 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1551 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1552 the following are most likely to appear:
1556 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1557 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1558 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1559 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1560 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1561 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1562 cast, or disable the warning.
1564 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1565 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1566 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1567 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1570 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1571 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1573 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1574 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1575 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1576 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1578 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1579 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1580 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1581 unreachable could be optimized away.
1584 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1585 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1586 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1587 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1588 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1589 the utilities will report errors.
1592 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1593 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1594 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
1595 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1596 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1600 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1601 has been obsolete for a very long time.
1604 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1605 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1606 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1609 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1610 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1611 indicate what you need to do.
1613 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1614 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1615 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1617 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1618 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1622 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1623 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1627 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1628 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1632 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1636 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1637 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1638 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1639 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
1640 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1641 their next update cycle.
1644 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1645 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1646 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1647 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1651 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1652 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1655 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1656 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1657 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
1658 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1659 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1663 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1664 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1666 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1669 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1670 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1671 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
1672 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1676 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1677 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1681 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1682 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
1683 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1684 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1685 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1688 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1689 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1690 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1693 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1694 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1695 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1698 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1699 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
1700 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1701 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
1702 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1703 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1704 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1705 "make installworld".
1707 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1708 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1709 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1712 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1713 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1714 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1715 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1716 be removed during a clean upgrade.
1719 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1722 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1723 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1727 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1728 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1729 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1730 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1731 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1732 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1733 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1734 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1735 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1736 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1737 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1738 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1740 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1741 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1742 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1746 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1747 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1750 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1751 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1752 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1753 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1754 build hosts for older releases.
1756 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1757 r276991, respectively.
1760 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1761 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1762 will silently lack HESIOD.
1765 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1766 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1767 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1768 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1769 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1770 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1771 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1772 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1773 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1774 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1775 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1776 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
1779 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1780 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1781 with command line option -W.
1784 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1785 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1786 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1787 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1788 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1791 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1794 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
1795 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1798 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1799 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1800 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
1801 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1802 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1805 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1806 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
1807 kernel is still highly recommended.
1810 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1811 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
1812 capability mode support in kernel.
1815 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1816 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1817 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1818 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1819 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1822 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1823 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1824 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1825 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1826 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1827 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1830 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1831 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1832 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1833 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1834 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1835 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1836 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1837 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1838 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1841 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1842 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
1843 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1844 should change your settings to use the latter.
1847 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1848 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
1849 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
1850 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
1851 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1854 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1855 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1856 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1858 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1860 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1863 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1870 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are
1871 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with
1872 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there
1873 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This
1874 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1875 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1876 several months have passed on the -current branch).
1878 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1879 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
1880 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
1881 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1882 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1884 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1885 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1886 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1887 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
1888 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
1889 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1890 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1891 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1894 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1895 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1896 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1897 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1899 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1900 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1901 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1902 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1903 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1904 should write them with this in mind.
1908 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1911 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1912 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1914 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1916 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1917 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1918 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
1920 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1924 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1925 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
1926 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1928 make kernel-toolchain
1929 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1930 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1932 To test a kernel once
1933 ---------------------
1934 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1935 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1936 debugging information) run
1937 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1938 nextboot -k testkernel
1940 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1941 -----------------------------------------------------------
1942 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1943 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1945 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1947 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1948 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1950 <reboot in single user> [3]
1957 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1958 --------------------------------------------------
1959 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1960 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
1961 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1964 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1967 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1968 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
1969 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1970 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1971 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1972 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1973 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
1974 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1975 <reboot into current>
1976 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1977 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1981 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1982 ----------------------------------------------
1983 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1985 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
1986 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1988 <reboot in single user> [3]
1995 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1996 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
1997 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1998 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1999 the UPDATING entries.
2001 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2002 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2003 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2004 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2005 much fewer pitfalls.
2007 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2008 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2011 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2016 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2017 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2018 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2020 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2021 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2022 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2023 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2024 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2025 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2026 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2028 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2029 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2030 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2031 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2032 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2033 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2035 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2036 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2037 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2039 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by
2040 an installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new
2041 kernel's configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n>
2042 option for existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x
2043 binaries). Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
2044 hard to boot to recover. A GENERIC kernel will include suitable
2045 compatibility options to run binaries from older branches.
2047 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2048 last time you updated your kernel config file.
2050 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2051 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2052 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2054 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2055 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2056 warn if it is improperly defined.
2059 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2060 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2061 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2062 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2063 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2065 Copyright information:
2067 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved.
2069 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2070 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2071 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2073 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2074 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2075 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2076 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2077 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2078 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2079 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2080 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2081 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2082 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2083 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2085 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of