1 Updating Information for users of FreeBSD-CURRENT.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before updating system packages
15 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 15.x IS SLOW:
16 FreeBSD 15.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
20 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
21 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
22 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
26 debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27 world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28 at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
31 OpenBSM auditing runtime (auditd, etc.) has been moved into the new
32 package FreeBSD-audit. If you use OpenBSM auditing and pkgbase, you
33 should install FreeBSD-audit.
36 cron, lpr, and ntpd have been moved from FreeBSD-utilities into their
37 own packages. If you use pkgbase, you should install the relevant
38 packages: FreeBSD-cron, FreeBSD-lp, or FreeBSD-ntp.
41 For dynamically linked programs, system calls are now made from
42 libsys rather than libc. No change in linkage is required as
43 libsys is an auxiliary filter for libc. People building custom
44 images must ensure that libsys.so.7 is included.
47 Loader now also read configuration files listed in local_loader_conf_files.
48 Files listed here are the last ones read. And /boot/loader.conf.local was
49 moved from loader_conf_files to local_loader_conf_files leaving only
50 loader.conf and device.hints in loader_conf_files by default.
52 The following sequencing is applied:
55 /boot/defaults/loader.conf
57 2. Read loader_conf_files files:
61 3. Read loader_conf_dirs files:
62 /boot/loader.conf.d/*.conf
64 4. And finally, rread local_loader_conf_files files:
65 /boot/loader.conf.local
68 sendmail 8.18.1 has been imported and merged. This version enforces
69 stricter RFC compliance by default, especially with respect to line
70 endings. This may cause issues with receiving messages from
71 non-compliant MTAs; please see the first 8.18.1 release note in
72 contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES for mitigations.
75 Commit cc760de2183f changed the internal interface between
76 the nfscommon and nfscl modules. As such, both need to be
77 rebuilt from sources. Therefore, __FreeBSD_version was
81 If you have an arm64 system that uses ACPI, you will need to update your
82 loader.efi in the ESP when you update past this point. Detection of ACPI
83 was moved earlier in the binary so the scripts could use it, but old
84 binaries don't have this, so we default to 'no ACPI' in this case. You can
85 undisable ACPI by doing
86 OK unset hint.acpi.0.disabled
87 This can also be used to recover any other system that was updated in the
88 small window where amd64 was also broken.
91 The WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD option has been removed. When LLD is enabled
92 it is always installed as /usr/bin/ld.
95 Forward compatibility (running the new code on old kernels) for the
96 "ino64" project have been removed. The need for it has passed long ago.
99 Commit 57ce37f9dcd0 changed the internal KAPI between the
100 nfscommon and nfscl modules. Both must be rebuilt from sources.
103 dialog(1) has been replaced in base by bsddialog(1), while most of the
104 time replacing a dialog(1) call by a bsddialog(1) call works out of the
105 box, bsddialog(1) is not considered as a drop-in replacement for
108 If you do depend on dialog(1) functionality, please install cdialog
114 The EARLY_AP_STARTUP kernel option is mandatory on x86. The option
115 has been added to DEFAULTS, so it should automatically be included in
116 custom kernel configurations without any additional change.
119 A new loader tunable net.pf.default_to_drop allows pf(4)’s default
120 behaviour to be changed from pass to drop. Previously this required
121 recompiling the kernel with the option PF_DEFAULT_TO_DROP.
124 Enable splitting out pkgbase manpages into separate packages by
125 default. To disable this, set WITHOUT_MANSPLITPKG=yes in src.conf.
128 Move standard include files to the clibs-dev package and move clang
129 internal libraries and headers to clang and clang-dev. Upgrading systems
130 installed using pkgbase past this change involves extra steps to allow
131 for these file moves:
133 pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities
134 pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities-dev
138 Enable vnet sysctl variables to be loader tunable. SYSCTLs which
139 belongs to VNETs can be initialized during early boot or module
140 loading if they are marked with CTLFLAG_TUN and there are
141 corresponding kernel environment variables.
144 The WITH_INIT_ALL_PATTERN and WITH_INIT_ALL_ZERO build options have
145 been replaced by INIT_ALL=pattern and INIT_ALL=zero respectively.
148 FreeBSD 15.0-CURRENT.
151 Serial communication (in boot loaders, kernel, and userland) has
152 been changed to default to 115200 bps, in line with common industry
153 practice and typcial firmware serial console redirection
156 Note that the early x86 BIOS bootloader (i.e., boot0sio) does not
157 support rates above 9600 bps and is not changed. boot0sio users may
158 set BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED=9600 to use 9600 for all of the boot
159 components, or use the standard boot0 and have the boot2 stage start
160 with the serial port at 115200.
163 Following the general removal of MIPS support, the ath(4) AHB bus-
164 frontend has been removed, too, and building of the PCI support is
165 integrated with the ath(4) main module again. As a result, there's
166 no longer a need for if_ath_pci_load="YES" in /boot/loader.conf or
167 "device ath_pci" in the kernel configuration.
170 MAXCPU has been increased to 1024 in the amd64 GENERIC kernel config.
171 Out-of-tree kernel modules will need to be rebuilt.
174 CAM has been mechanically updated s/u_int(64|32|16|8)_t/uint\1_t/g
175 to move to the standard uintXX_t types from the old, traditional
176 BSD u_intXX_t types. This should be a NOP, but may cause problems
177 for out of tree changes. The SIMs were not updated since most of
178 the old u_intXX_t uses weren't due to CAM interfaces.
181 stable/14 branch created.
184 The heuristic for detecting old chromebooks with an EC bug that requires
185 atkbdc driver workarounds has changed. There should be no functional
186 change, but if your old chromebook's keyboard stops working, please
187 file a PR and assign it to imp.
190 OpenSSL has been updated to version 3.0, including changes throughout
191 the base system. It is important to rebuild third-party software
195 To enable pf rdr rules for connections initiated from the host, pf
196 filter rules can be optionally enabled for packets delivered
197 locally. This can change the behavior of rules which match packets
198 delivered to lo0. To enable this feature:
200 sysctl net.pf.filter_local=1
203 When enabled, its best to ensure that packets delivered locally are not
204 filtered, e.g. by adding a 'skip on lo' rule.
207 Improvements to libtacplus(8) mean that tacplus.conf(5) now
208 follows POSIX shell syntax rules. This may cause TACACS+
209 authentication to fail if the shared secret contains a single
210 quote, double quote, or backslash character which isn't
211 already properly quoted or escaped.
214 Belatedly switch the default nvme block device on x86 from nvd to nda.
215 nda created nvd compatibility links by default, so this should be a
216 nop. If this causes problems for your application, set hw.nvme.use_nvd=1
217 in your loader.conf or add `options NVME_USE_NVD=1` to your kernel
218 config. To disable the nvd compatibility aliases, add
219 kern.cam.nda.nvd_compat=0 to loader.conf. The default has been nda on
220 all non-x86 platforms for some time now. If you need to fall back,
221 please email imp@freebsd.org about why.
223 Encrypted swap partitions need to be changed from nvd to nda if you
224 migrate, or you need to use the above to switch back to nvd.
227 Remove portsnap(8). Users are encouraged to obtain the ports tree
231 Add jobs.mk to save typing. Enables -j${JOB_MAX} and logging
235 make -j${JOB_MAX} buildworld > ../buildworld.log 2>&1
237 where JOB_MAX is derrived from ncpus in local.sys.mk if not set in env.
240 Video related devices for some arm devices have been renamed.
241 If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
242 IMX6 board you need to add "device dwc_hdmi" "device imx6_hdmi" and
243 "device imx6_ipu" to it.
244 If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
245 TI AM335X board you need to add "device tda19988" to it.
246 If you add "device hdmi" in it you need to remove it as it doesn't
250 Introduce new kernel options KBD_DELAY1 and KBD_DELAY2. See atkbdc(4)
254 sshd now defaults to having X11Forwarding disabled, following upstream.
255 Administrators who wish to enable X11Forwarding should add
256 `X11Forwarding yes` to /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
259 Since commit 75d41cb6967 Huawei 3G/4G LTE Mobile Devices do not default
260 to ECM, but NCM mode and need u3g and ucom modules loaded. See cdce(4).
263 As of commit 7c40e2d5f685, the dependency on netlink(4) has been added
264 to the linux_common(4) module. Users relying on linux_common may need
265 to complile netlink(4) module if it is not present in their kernel.
268 The WITHOUT_CXX option has been removed. C++ components in the base
269 system are now built unconditionally.
272 LinuxKPI pci.h changes may require out-of-tree drivers to be recompiled.
273 Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400078 to be able to detect this change.
276 llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump. Previously there was
277 no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used.
279 Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to
280 GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU
281 objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package.
284 dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta. For people willing
285 to reenable sendmail(8):
287 $ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf
289 and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf.
292 hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by
293 default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach
294 the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying
295 the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one
296 needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set
297 the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false).
299 NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues
302 pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'.
303 These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as
304 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
307 The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed. When Clang is enabled
308 it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp).
311 Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended
312 for pkgbase users to do:
314 pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \
315 FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch
317 after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously
321 OPIE has been removed from the base system. If needed, it can
322 be installed from ports (security/opie) or packages (opie).
323 Otherwise, make sure that your PAM policies do not reference
324 pam_opie or pam_opieaccess.
327 LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version
328 before re-compiling to avoid errors.
331 The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
332 have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
333 Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
334 be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to
338 A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by
339 themselves. A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this.
342 Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of
343 mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in
344 the coming days and weeks.
346 This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build
348 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def
349 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def
350 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def
351 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def
352 before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to.
355 Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is
356 by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault
357 statement in unbound.conf:
358 local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault
360 Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice.
362 The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375:
363 Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured
364 using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way
365 to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer
366 belongs. Consequently, users may experience surprising results with
367 such names when roaming to different homenets.
370 Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so
371 that any of the included congestion control modules could be
372 the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno
373 was automatically built in through direct reference. As of
374 this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion
375 control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a
376 default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\").
377 The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno
378 as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the
379 kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will
380 fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail.
383 Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the
387 Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE.
388 The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out
389 of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE
390 may need to be modified.
393 The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed.
394 The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4)
395 support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option.
398 sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user. To force root to use
399 the csh shell, please run the following command as root:
404 Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses
405 with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link
406 to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect
410 As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the
411 ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such
412 users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the
413 list of modules to load on their systems.
416 As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly
417 new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more
418 information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports:
419 audio/freebsd-13-mixer
422 As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has
423 been deleted from the nfscommon.ko. As such, nfsd.ko must be built
424 from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when
428 As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
429 by default. Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
430 option. This can be enabled globally by using a custom
431 OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
432 application-specific configuration option for applications
433 which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
436 Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
437 modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources.
440 Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
441 As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
442 users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
443 past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
446 As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer
447 change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the
448 MTU on all member interfaces instead.
451 Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
452 and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
453 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
456 The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
457 been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
458 installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
459 kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
460 script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
461 to update your sources past the above hash and do
464 % sudo -E make install
465 to enable building kernels again.
468 Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
469 modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources. I did not
470 bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
473 awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
474 This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
477 The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
478 supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
480 The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
483 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
484 Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
485 (mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
486 additions and others.
489 The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
490 renamed to "untrusted".
493 svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
494 please install the svn package or port.
497 Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
498 and nfsserver. As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
499 sources. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
502 The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
505 The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
506 start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
507 https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
508 for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
509 short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
510 git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
511 (assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
514 Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
515 which break drm-kmod. In addition various other additions where
516 committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to
520 Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
521 libraries and utilities are packaged.
522 It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
523 pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
524 before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
525 and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
529 Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
530 the nfsd and nfscommon modules. As such these modules
531 need to be rebuilt from sources.
532 Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
533 delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
537 Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
538 the krpc and NFS. As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
539 nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
540 Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
541 be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
542 needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
545 Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
546 handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
547 Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
548 mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
551 For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
552 Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default. It may be
553 disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob. A clean build is required.
556 Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
557 Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003
561 stable/13 branch created.
564 PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
565 wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
566 PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
567 since it was bumped so recently.
570 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
571 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of
572 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
573 be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
576 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
577 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
578 requires a clean build.
581 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
582 instructions can be found at
583 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
584 and other documents in that repo.
587 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
588 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
589 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
590 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
593 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb)
594 may be installed from ports or packages.
597 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6".
598 See ping(8) for details.
601 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
602 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
603 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
606 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
607 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
608 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
609 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
610 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
613 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
614 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
615 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
616 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
617 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
621 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
622 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
623 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
624 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
626 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
627 command you want to un-auger the tree is
630 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
631 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
634 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
635 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
636 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
637 unless you want to use new features.
639 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
640 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
641 rebuilding world may fail.
643 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
644 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
646 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
647 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
648 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
649 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
652 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
653 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
654 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
655 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
658 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
659 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
663 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
664 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
667 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
668 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
669 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
670 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
673 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
674 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
675 from sources, so a version bump was done.
678 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
679 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
680 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
681 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
684 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
685 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
686 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
687 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
688 continue to function.
690 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
691 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
692 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
693 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
696 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
697 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
698 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
699 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
700 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
701 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
702 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
705 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
706 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
709 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
710 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
711 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
714 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
715 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
716 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
717 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
719 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
720 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
721 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
722 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
726 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
727 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
728 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
729 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
732 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
733 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
736 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
737 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
738 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
739 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
740 be functional without closefrom(2).
743 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
744 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
745 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
746 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
747 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
748 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
751 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
752 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
753 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
754 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
757 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
758 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
759 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
762 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
765 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
766 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
767 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
770 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
771 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
774 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
775 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
776 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
780 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
781 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
785 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
786 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
787 together with their new kernel.
790 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
791 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
792 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
794 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
795 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
798 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
802 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
803 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
804 external toolchain package.
807 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
808 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
809 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
810 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
811 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
814 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
815 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
816 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
817 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
820 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
821 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
822 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
826 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
829 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
830 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
831 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
832 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
835 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
836 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
837 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
840 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
841 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
842 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
843 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
844 differences between those included in the port and those included in
845 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
846 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
847 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
850 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
851 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
855 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
856 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
857 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
858 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
859 add superio to the set.
862 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
863 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
866 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
867 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
868 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
869 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
870 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
871 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
872 completely in the future.
875 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
876 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
877 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
878 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
879 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
880 will be removed from the list.
883 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
884 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
885 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
886 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
889 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
890 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
891 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
892 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
895 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
896 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
897 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
898 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
901 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
902 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
903 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
906 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
907 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
908 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
909 your scripts, because they had no effect.
911 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
912 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
913 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
914 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
915 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
918 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
919 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
920 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
921 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
922 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
923 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
924 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
927 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
928 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
929 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
930 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
933 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
934 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
935 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
936 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
939 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
940 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
941 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
944 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
945 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
946 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
947 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
948 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
949 avoid running into the limit.
952 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
953 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
956 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
957 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
958 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
959 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
960 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
961 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
964 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
965 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
968 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
969 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
970 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
971 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
972 availability properties.
974 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
975 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
976 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
977 initial condition, if desired.
979 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
980 Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
982 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
983 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
984 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
985 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
988 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
989 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
990 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
991 therefore unblocked).
994 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
995 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
996 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
997 is added to the command line.
998 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
999 not affected and should continue to work.
1002 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
1003 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
1004 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
1005 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
1008 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1009 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1010 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1014 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
1015 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
1019 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
1020 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
1021 migrating to the drm ports.
1024 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
1025 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
1026 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
1027 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
1028 is loaded automatically.
1031 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
1032 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
1033 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
1034 kernel config files.
1037 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
1038 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
1039 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
1040 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
1043 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
1044 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
1045 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
1046 from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
1047 NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
1051 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
1052 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
1053 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
1055 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
1056 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
1058 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
1059 removed from the mips port.
1062 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1063 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1064 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1068 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
1069 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
1072 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
1073 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
1074 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
1075 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
1078 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
1079 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
1080 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
1083 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
1084 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
1085 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
1089 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
1090 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
1091 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
1093 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
1094 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
1095 being included using the command:
1099 Stable/12 was branched created.
1102 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
1103 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
1106 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
1107 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
1108 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
1109 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
1110 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
1111 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
1112 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
1113 that as you will get better support.
1115 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
1116 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
1117 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
1118 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
1120 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
1121 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
1122 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
1123 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
1127 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
1128 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
1129 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
1130 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
1131 be adjusted as necessary.
1134 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
1135 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
1136 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
1137 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
1140 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
1141 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
1142 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
1143 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
1147 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
1148 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
1149 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
1150 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
1154 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
1155 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
1156 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
1157 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
1158 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
1159 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
1162 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
1163 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
1164 default since FreeBSD-11.
1167 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
1168 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
1169 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
1172 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
1173 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
1174 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
1175 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
1176 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
1177 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
1178 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
1180 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
1181 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
1184 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
1185 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
1186 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
1187 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
1188 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
1189 may not be observed in a future release.
1192 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
1193 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
1197 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
1198 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
1199 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
1200 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
1203 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
1204 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
1205 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
1206 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
1210 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
1211 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
1212 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
1215 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
1216 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
1217 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
1218 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
1219 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
1222 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
1223 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
1224 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
1225 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
1226 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
1227 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
1230 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
1231 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
1232 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
1235 in /boot/loader.conf
1236 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
1237 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
1238 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
1241 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
1242 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
1243 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
1244 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
1245 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
1246 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
1247 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
1248 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
1249 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
1250 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
1254 Big endian arm support has been removed.
1257 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
1258 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
1259 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
1260 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
1261 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
1264 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
1265 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
1266 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
1267 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
1268 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
1269 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
1272 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
1273 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
1276 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
1277 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
1278 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
1279 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
1280 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
1281 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
1282 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
1285 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1286 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1287 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1291 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
1292 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
1293 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
1297 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
1298 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
1301 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
1302 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
1306 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
1307 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
1308 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
1309 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
1312 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
1313 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
1314 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
1318 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
1319 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
1320 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1324 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1325 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1326 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1327 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1328 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1329 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1332 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1333 workaround is necessary.
1336 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1337 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
1338 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
1339 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1342 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
1343 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1344 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1345 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1346 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1349 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
1350 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1351 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
1352 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1355 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
1356 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1357 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1361 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
1362 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1366 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
1367 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1371 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1372 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1373 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1374 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1375 microseconds and time zone offsets.
1377 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1378 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1379 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1380 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1381 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1382 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1383 adjustments, depending on the software used.
1385 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1386 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1389 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1392 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1393 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1394 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1396 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1398 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1399 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1400 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1401 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1402 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1403 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1404 thus expected to continue to function as before.
1406 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1410 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1411 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1412 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1415 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1416 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1417 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1418 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1419 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1420 should be as simple as:
1422 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1423 $ make depend all install
1426 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1427 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1428 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1429 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1430 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1431 provisions for backup boot methods.
1434 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1435 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1436 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1440 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1441 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1442 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1446 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1447 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1448 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1450 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1451 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1454 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1455 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1456 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1457 remove it from kernel config files.
1460 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1461 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1462 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1464 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1465 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1468 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1469 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1470 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1471 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1474 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1475 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1478 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1479 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1480 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1481 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1484 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1485 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1486 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1487 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1488 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1489 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1492 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1493 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1494 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1497 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1498 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
1499 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
1500 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1501 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1504 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1505 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1506 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1507 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1508 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1512 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1513 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1514 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
1515 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1516 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1517 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1518 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1519 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1520 than hardcoding paths.
1523 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1524 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1525 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1528 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1529 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1530 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1531 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1534 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1535 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1538 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1539 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1540 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1541 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1544 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1545 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1546 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1547 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1548 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1551 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
1552 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1553 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
1554 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1558 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1559 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1560 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1561 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1562 soft-float everything else should be affected.
1565 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
1566 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1569 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1570 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1574 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1575 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1579 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1580 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1581 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1582 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1584 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1585 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1586 sandbox if successful.
1588 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1589 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1590 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1591 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1592 an unprivileged user.
1595 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1596 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1597 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1598 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1599 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1600 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1601 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1602 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1603 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1604 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1605 to which you should answer yes.
1608 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1609 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1610 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1611 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1612 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1615 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1616 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1617 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1620 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1621 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1624 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1625 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1626 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1627 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1628 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1629 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1630 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1633 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1634 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1635 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1636 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1637 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1638 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1641 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1642 if you require the GPL compiler.
1645 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1646 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1647 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1648 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1649 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1650 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1653 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1654 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1655 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1658 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1659 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1660 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1664 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1665 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1666 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1667 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1668 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1669 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1672 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1673 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1674 which only require one chipset support.
1676 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1680 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1681 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1682 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1684 If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
1685 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1688 * load the chip modules in question
1689 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1691 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1692 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1694 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1697 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1698 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1699 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1701 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1702 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1703 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1705 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1706 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1707 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1708 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1709 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1710 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1711 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1712 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1715 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1716 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1717 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1720 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1721 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1722 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1725 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1726 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1727 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1728 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1729 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1730 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1731 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1734 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1735 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1736 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1737 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1740 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1741 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1742 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1745 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1746 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1747 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1750 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1751 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1753 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1754 via one of the following methods:
1755 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1756 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1757 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1758 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1760 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1763 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1764 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1765 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1766 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1770 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1771 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1772 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1773 be prefixed with colon.
1776 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1777 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1778 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1781 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1782 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1783 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1786 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1787 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1788 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1792 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1796 MCA bus support has been removed.
1799 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1800 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1803 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1804 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1807 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1808 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1809 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1813 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1814 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1815 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1818 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1819 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1820 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1823 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1824 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1825 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1828 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1829 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1830 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1831 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1834 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1835 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1837 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1838 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1841 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1842 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1843 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1847 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1848 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1849 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1852 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1853 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1856 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1857 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1858 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1859 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1862 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1863 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1864 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1865 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1866 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1869 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1872 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1873 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1874 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1875 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1878 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1879 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1880 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1884 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1885 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1886 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1887 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1888 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1892 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1893 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1896 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1898 After branch N is created, entries older than the N-2 branch point are removed
1899 from this file. After stable/14 is branched and current becomes FreeBSD 15,
1900 entries older than stable/12 branch point will be removed from current's
1907 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1908 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
1909 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
1910 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1911 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1912 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
1913 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
1914 report a bug if it happens consistently.
1916 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1917 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1918 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1919 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
1920 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
1921 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1922 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1923 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1926 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
1927 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
1928 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
1929 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
1932 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1933 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1934 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1935 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1937 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1938 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1939 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1940 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1941 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1942 should write them with this in mind.
1946 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version (via zpool upgrade),
1947 always follow these three steps:
1949 1) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1950 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1952 2) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive (only required when
1953 doing a zpool upgrade):
1955 When booting on x86 via BIOS, use the following to update the ZFS boot
1956 block on the freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1957 gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0
1958 The value $N will typically be 1. For EFI booting, see EFI notes.
1960 3) zpool upgrade the root pool. New bootblocks will work with old
1961 pools, but not vice versa, so they need to be updated before any
1964 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1969 There are two locations the boot loader can be installed into. The
1970 current location (and the default) is \efi\freebsd\loader.efi and using
1971 efibootmgr(8) to configure it. The old location, that must be used on
1972 deficient systems that don't honor efibootmgr(8) protocols, is the
1973 fallback location of \EFI\BOOT\BOOTxxx.EFI. Generally, you will copy
1974 /boot/loader.efi to this location, but on systems installed a long time
1975 ago the ESP may be too small and /boot/boot1.efi may be needed unless
1976 the ESP has been expanded in the meantime.
1978 Recent systems will have the ESP mounted on /boot/efi, but older ones
1979 may not have it mounted at all, or mounted in a different
1980 location. Older arm SD images with MBR used /boot/msdos as the
1981 mountpoint. The ESP is a MSDOS filesystem.
1983 The EFI boot loader rarely needs to be updated. For ZFS booting,
1984 however, you must update loader.efi before you do 'zpool upgrade' the
1985 root zpool, otherwise the old loader.efi may reject the upgraded zpool
1986 since it does not automatically understand some new features.
1988 See loader.efi(8) and uefi(8) for more details.
1992 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1993 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
1994 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1996 make kernel-toolchain
1997 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1998 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2000 To test a kernel once
2001 ---------------------
2002 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2003 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2004 debugging information) run
2005 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2006 nextboot -k testkernel
2008 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2009 -----------------------------------------------------------
2010 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2011 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2013 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2015 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2016 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2018 <reboot in single user> [3]
2025 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2026 --------------------------------------------------
2027 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2028 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2029 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2032 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2035 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2036 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2037 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2038 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2039 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2040 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2041 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2042 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2043 <reboot into current>
2044 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2045 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2049 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2050 ----------------------------------------------
2051 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2053 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2054 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2056 <reboot in single user> [3]
2063 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2064 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2065 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2066 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2067 the UPDATING entries.
2069 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2070 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2071 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2072 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2073 much fewer pitfalls.
2075 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2076 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2077 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2078 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
2079 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2080 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2081 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2082 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2084 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2086 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2090 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2091 cd src # full path to source
2092 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2093 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2094 into single user mode to do the installworld.
2096 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2097 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2098 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2099 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2100 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2101 for potential gotchas. See etcupdate(8) for more information.
2103 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2104 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2107 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2108 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2109 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2111 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2112 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2113 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2114 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2115 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2116 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2117 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2118 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2120 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2121 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2122 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2125 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2126 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2127 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2129 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2130 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2131 warn if it is improperly defined.
2134 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2135 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2136 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2137 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2138 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2140 Copyright information:
2142 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2144 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2145 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2146 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2148 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2149 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2150 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2151 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2152 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2153 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2154 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2155 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2156 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2157 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2158 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2160 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of