1 # tzdb data for Africa and environs
3 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
4 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
6 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
7 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
8 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
9 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
11 # From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27):
13 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
14 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
15 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
16 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
18 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
19 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
20 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
21 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
22 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
23 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
25 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
26 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
27 # I found in the UCLA library.
29 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
30 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
31 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
33 # European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean.
34 # For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized.
35 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
36 # for UT +00 through +03, respectively,
37 # but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that
38 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa,
39 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and
40 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for
41 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
43 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency:
44 # +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
45 # +02 CAT Central Africa Time
46 # +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time
47 # and Murray suggested the following abbreviation:
48 # +01 WAT West Africa Time
49 # Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like.
50 # I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but
51 # cannot now come up with solid citations.
53 # I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s:
54 # +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time
55 # +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time
56 # +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time
57 # +03 EAT East Africa Time
58 # 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though
59 # the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps,
60 # they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations.
61 # Corrections are welcome.
64 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
65 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
66 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
67 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
68 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
69 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
70 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
71 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
72 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
73 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
74 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
75 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
76 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
77 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
78 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
79 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
80 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
81 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
82 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
83 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
84 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
85 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
86 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
87 # See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions.
88 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
89 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 16
90 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
91 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
92 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
93 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
94 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
95 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
96 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
97 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
100 # Cape Verde / Cabo Verde
102 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
103 # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02.
104 # For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
105 # (see Europe/Lisbon).
107 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
108 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia
110 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15
111 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00
115 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
116 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
117 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
118 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
122 # Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
134 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
135 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
136 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
137 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
138 # on GMT, says the CIA
139 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
141 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
142 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
145 ###############################################################################
149 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
150 # observatory. Milne also says that the official time for
151 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
152 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
154 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
155 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
156 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
157 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
158 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
159 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
160 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
161 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
162 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
163 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
164 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
165 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
166 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
167 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
168 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
169 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
170 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
171 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
172 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
173 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
174 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
175 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
177 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
178 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
179 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
180 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
182 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
183 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
185 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
186 Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
187 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
188 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
189 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
190 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
191 # after observing the daylight saving time since May.
192 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
193 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
194 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
195 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
196 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
197 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
198 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
199 # https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
200 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
201 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
202 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 -
203 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
204 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
205 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
206 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
207 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
208 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
209 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
210 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
211 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
213 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
214 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
216 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
217 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
219 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
220 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
222 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
223 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
225 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
226 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
228 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
230 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
232 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
234 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
236 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
237 # [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
238 # [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
240 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
241 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
242 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
245 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
246 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
247 # Information and Decision Support Center:
248 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
250 # The Middle East News Agency
251 # https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
252 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
253 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
254 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
255 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
258 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
259 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
260 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
263 # Arabic translation:
264 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
265 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
266 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
268 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
269 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
270 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
272 # From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13):
273 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
275 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
276 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
277 # in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
278 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
279 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
280 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
281 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
282 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
283 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
284 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been
285 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
286 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
288 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
289 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
290 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
291 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is
292 # no information about when DST will end this fall. See:
293 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
295 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08):
296 # Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015.
297 # This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last
298 # Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but
299 # dates not yet announced....
300 # http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ...
301 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html
303 # From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20):
304 # Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at
307 # From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20):
308 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx
309 # "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving
310 # time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the
311 # practice altogether in future years."
313 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24):
314 # Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his
315 # decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24.
316 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx
318 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29):
319 # Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October....
320 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx
321 # From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04):
322 # Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST,
324 Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 -
325 Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 -
326 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 -
327 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S
328 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
329 Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S
330 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 -
331 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S
332 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
334 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
336 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
341 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
342 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
343 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
344 # (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect.
346 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
347 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u
362 # From P Chan (2020-10-24):
364 # The standard time of GMT+2:30 was adopted in the East Africa Protectorate....
365 # [The Official Gazette, 1908-05-01, p 274]
366 # https://books.google.com/books?id=e-cAC-sjPSEC&pg=PA274
368 # At midnight on 30 June 1928 the clocks throughout Kenya was put forward
369 # half an hour by the Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1928.
370 # https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/1928/ke-government-gazette-dated-1928-05-11-no-28.pdf
371 # [Ordinance No. 11 of 1928, The Official Gazette, 1928-06-26, p 813]
372 # https://books.google.com/books?id=2S0S6os32ZUC&pg=PA813
374 # The 1928 ordinance was repealed by the Alteration of Time (repeal) Ordinance,
375 # 1929 and the time was restored to GMT+2:30 at midnight on 4 January 1930.
376 # [Ordinance No. 97 of 1929, The Official Gazette, 1929-12-31, p 2701]
377 # https://books.google.com/books?id=_g18jIZQlwwC&pg=PA2701
379 # The Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1936 changed the time to GMT+2:45
380 # and repealed the previous ordinance at midnight on 31 December 1936.
381 # [The Official Gazette, 1936-07-21, p 705]
382 # https://books.google.com/books?id=K7j41z0aC5wC&pg=PA705
384 # The Defence (Amendment of Laws No. 120) Regulations changed the time
385 # to GMT+3 at midnight on 31 July 1942.
386 # [Kenya Official Gazette Supplement No. 32, 1942-07-21, p 331]
387 # https://books.google.com/books?hl=zh-TW&id=c_E-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA331
388 # The provision of the 1936 ordinance was not repealed and was later
389 # incorporated in the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance in 1948.
390 # Although it was overridden by the 1942 regulations.
391 # [The Laws of Kenya in force on 1948-09-21, Title I, Chapter 1, 31]
392 # https://dds.crl.edu/item/217517 (p.101)
393 # In 1950 the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance was amended to adopt
394 # GMT+3 permanently as the 1942 regulations were due to expire on 10 December.
395 # https://books.google.com/books?id=jvR8mUDAwR0C&pg=PA787
396 # [Ordinance No. 44 of 1950, Kenya Ordinances 1950, Vol. XXIX, p 294]
397 # https://books.google.com/books?id=-_dQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA294
399 # From Paul Eggert (2020-10-24):
400 # The 1908-05-01 announcement does not give an effective date,
401 # so just say "1908 May".
403 # From Paul Eggert (2018-09-11):
404 # Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia,
405 # as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian
406 # timekeeping practice that is based on solar time. See:
407 # Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double
408 # check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05.
409 # https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time
411 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
412 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1908 May
413 2:30 - +0230 1928 Jun 30 24:00
414 3:00 - EAT 1930 Jan 4 24:00
415 2:30 - +0230 1936 Dec 31 24:00
416 2:45 - +0245 1942 Jul 31 24:00
421 # From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02):
423 # The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30.
425 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset
426 # that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on
427 # 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of:
428 # Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of
429 # President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972.
430 # Monrovia: Executive Mansion.
432 # Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric
433 # abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit.
435 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
436 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
437 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
438 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT
441 ###############################################################################
445 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
446 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
447 # https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
448 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
450 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
451 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
453 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
454 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
455 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
456 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
457 # lastFri instead of lastSun).
459 # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
460 # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
461 # cancelled yesterday....
462 # https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
464 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
465 # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02.
467 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
468 Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
469 Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
470 Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
471 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
472 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
473 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
474 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
475 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
476 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
477 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
478 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
479 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
480 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
481 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
482 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
483 Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
484 Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
485 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
486 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
487 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
489 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
490 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
491 # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
492 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
493 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4
494 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00
495 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00
500 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
501 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
503 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
504 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
505 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
507 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
508 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
510 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
511 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
512 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
513 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
515 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
516 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
518 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
520 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
521 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
522 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start
523 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
524 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
526 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
527 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
528 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
529 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
530 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
531 # changes two days later.
533 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
534 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
535 # time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
536 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
538 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
539 # de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
540 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
541 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
543 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
544 # The Government of Mauritius weblink
545 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
546 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
548 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
549 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
550 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
551 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
552 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
553 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
554 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
555 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
556 # and end on 29 March 2009.
558 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
559 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
560 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
561 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
562 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
564 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
565 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
566 # DST the coming summer...
568 # Some sources, in French:
569 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
570 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
573 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
575 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
576 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
577 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
578 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
580 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
581 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 -
582 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
583 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
584 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
585 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
586 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
587 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05
588 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
589 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
591 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
592 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
593 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
595 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
596 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
597 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
599 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
600 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
602 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
603 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
605 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
607 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
610 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
611 # According to this article:
612 # https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
613 # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
614 # the changes occur at midnight:
616 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
617 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
618 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight
620 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
621 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
622 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
623 # June 1st to Sept 27th.
625 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
626 # published on the web.
628 # It's also confirmed here:
629 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
630 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
631 # posted in English).
633 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
634 # https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
636 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
637 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
638 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
641 # One article about it (in French):
642 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
644 # We have some further details posted here:
645 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
647 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
648 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
649 # to many sources, such as
650 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
651 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
655 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
657 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
658 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
659 # Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
661 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967)
662 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
663 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
664 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
666 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
667 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
669 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
670 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
671 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
672 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
675 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
678 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
680 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
681 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
682 # The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
683 # The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
684 # ...Official links of change in morocco
685 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
686 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
688 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
690 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
691 # is the official publication to look at.
692 # They said that the decision was already taken.
694 # More articles in the press
695 # https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
696 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
697 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
699 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
700 # They have it written in English here:
701 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
703 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
704 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
705 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
706 # also been like that in the past.
708 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
709 # According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
710 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
711 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
712 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
713 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
714 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
715 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
716 # except the month of Ramadan.
718 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
720 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
721 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
722 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
723 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
724 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
725 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
727 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
728 # Seen Morocco change again:
729 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
730 # "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
731 # comme annoncé précédemment."
733 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
734 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
735 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
737 # Google translation, lightly edited:
738 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
739 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
740 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
741 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
742 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
743 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
744 # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
745 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
746 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
748 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
749 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
750 # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
751 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
752 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
753 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288
755 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
756 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
757 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
758 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
760 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
761 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
762 # before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
763 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
764 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official
766 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
767 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
768 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
770 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
771 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
773 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
774 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
775 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST
776 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
777 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
779 # From Milamber (2015-06-08):
780 # (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes
781 # Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding
782 # that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19,
783 # 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I
784 # 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of
785 # 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015).
787 # https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/
789 # From Milamber (2015-06-09):
790 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863
792 # From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09):
793 # [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go
794 # from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch....
795 # I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in
796 # <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees
799 # From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26):
800 # Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition
801 # of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone.
802 # From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28):
803 # http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf
805 # From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01):
806 # We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1
807 # the week end after.... The government does not announce yet the decision
808 # about this temporary change. But it s 99% sure that it will be the case,
809 # as in previous years. An unofficial survey was done these days, showing
810 # that 64% of asked people are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan.
811 # https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan
813 # From Naoufal Semlali (2019-04-16):
814 # Morocco will be on GMT starting from Sunday, May 5th 2019 at 3am.
815 # The switch to GMT+1 will occur on Sunday, June 9th 2019 at 2am....
816 # http://fr.le360.ma/societe/voici-la-date-du-retour-a-lheure-legale-au-maroc-188222
818 # From Semlali Naoufal (2020-04-14):
819 # Following the announcement by the Moroccan government, the switch to
820 # GMT time will take place on Sunday, April 19, 2020 from 3 a.m. and
821 # the return to GMT+1 time will take place on Sunday, May 31, 2020 at 2 a.m....
822 # https://maroc-diplomatique.net/maroc-le-retour-a-lheure-gmt-est-prevu-dimanche-prochain/
823 # http://aujourdhui.ma/actualite/gmt1-retour-a-lheure-normale-dimanche-prochain-1
825 # From Milamber (2020-05-31)
826 # In Morocco (where I live), the end of Ramadan (Arabic month) is followed by
827 # the Eid al-Fitr, and concretely it's 1 or 2 day offs for the people (with
828 # traditional visiting of family, big lunches/dinners, etc.). So for this
829 # year the astronomical calculations don't include the following 2 days off in
830 # the calc. These 2 days fall in a Sunday/Monday, so it's not acceptable by
831 # people to have a time shift during these 2 days off. Perhaps you can modify
832 # the (predicted) rules for next years: if the end of Ramadan is a (probable)
833 # Friday or Saturday (and so the 2 days off are on a weekend), the next time
834 # shift will be the next weekend.
836 # From Paul Eggert (2020-05-31):
837 # For now, guess that in the future Morocco will fall back at 03:00
838 # the last Sunday before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the
839 # first Sunday after two days after Ramadan. To implement this,
840 # transition dates and times for 2019 through 2087 were determined by
841 # running the following program under GNU Emacs 26.3. (This algorithm
842 # also produces the correct transition dates for 2016 through 2018,
843 # though the times differ due to Morocco's time zone change in 2018.)
844 # (let ((islamic-year 1440))
845 # (require 'cal-islam)
846 # (while (< islamic-year 1511)
847 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
848 # (b (+ 2 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))))
850 # (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
851 # (while (/= sunday (mod b 7))
853 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
854 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
857 # (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n"
858 # "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n")
859 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
860 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
861 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
863 # From Milamber (2021-03-31, 2022-03-10), confirming these predictions:
864 # https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=2076
865 # https://www.ecoactu.ma/horaires-administration-ramadan-gmtheure-gmt-a-partir-de-dimanche-27-mars/
867 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
868 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 -
869 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
870 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 -
871 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -
872 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 -
873 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -
874 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 -
875 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
876 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 -
877 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
878 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 -
879 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
880 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
881 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 -
882 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
883 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 -
884 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
885 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 -
886 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 -
887 Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 -
888 Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 -
889 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 -
890 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 -
891 Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
892 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 -
893 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 -
894 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
895 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 -
896 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 -
897 Rule Morocco 2013 2018 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
898 Rule Morocco 2014 2018 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
899 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 -
900 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 -
901 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 -
902 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 -
903 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 -
904 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 -
905 Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 -
906 Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 -
907 Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 -
908 Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 -
909 Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 -1:00 -
910 Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 0 -
911 Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 -1:00 -
912 Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 31 2:00 0 -
913 Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 -1:00 -
914 Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 0 -
915 Rule Morocco 2022 only - Mar 27 3:00 -1:00 -
916 Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 0 -
917 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Mar 19 3:00 -1:00 -
918 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 30 2:00 0 -
919 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Mar 10 3:00 -1:00 -
920 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 0 -
921 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Feb 23 3:00 -1:00 -
922 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 0 -
923 Rule Morocco 2026 only - Feb 15 3:00 -1:00 -
924 Rule Morocco 2026 only - Mar 22 2:00 0 -
925 Rule Morocco 2027 only - Feb 7 3:00 -1:00 -
926 Rule Morocco 2027 only - Mar 14 2:00 0 -
927 Rule Morocco 2028 only - Jan 23 3:00 -1:00 -
928 Rule Morocco 2028 only - Mar 5 2:00 0 -
929 Rule Morocco 2029 only - Jan 14 3:00 -1:00 -
930 Rule Morocco 2029 only - Feb 18 2:00 0 -
931 Rule Morocco 2029 only - Dec 30 3:00 -1:00 -
932 Rule Morocco 2030 only - Feb 10 2:00 0 -
933 Rule Morocco 2030 only - Dec 22 3:00 -1:00 -
934 Rule Morocco 2031 only - Feb 2 2:00 0 -
935 Rule Morocco 2031 only - Dec 14 3:00 -1:00 -
936 Rule Morocco 2032 only - Jan 18 2:00 0 -
937 Rule Morocco 2032 only - Nov 28 3:00 -1:00 -
938 Rule Morocco 2033 only - Jan 9 2:00 0 -
939 Rule Morocco 2033 only - Nov 20 3:00 -1:00 -
940 Rule Morocco 2033 only - Dec 25 2:00 0 -
941 Rule Morocco 2034 only - Nov 5 3:00 -1:00 -
942 Rule Morocco 2034 only - Dec 17 2:00 0 -
943 Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 28 3:00 -1:00 -
944 Rule Morocco 2035 only - Dec 9 2:00 0 -
945 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 -1:00 -
946 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Nov 23 2:00 0 -
947 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 -1:00 -
948 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Nov 15 2:00 0 -
949 Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 26 3:00 -1:00 -
950 Rule Morocco 2038 only - Nov 7 2:00 0 -
951 Rule Morocco 2039 only - Sep 18 3:00 -1:00 -
952 Rule Morocco 2039 only - Oct 23 2:00 0 -
953 Rule Morocco 2040 only - Sep 2 3:00 -1:00 -
954 Rule Morocco 2040 only - Oct 14 2:00 0 -
955 Rule Morocco 2041 only - Aug 25 3:00 -1:00 -
956 Rule Morocco 2041 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
957 Rule Morocco 2042 only - Aug 10 3:00 -1:00 -
958 Rule Morocco 2042 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 -
959 Rule Morocco 2043 only - Aug 2 3:00 -1:00 -
960 Rule Morocco 2043 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 -
961 Rule Morocco 2044 only - Jul 24 3:00 -1:00 -
962 Rule Morocco 2044 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 -
963 Rule Morocco 2045 only - Jul 9 3:00 -1:00 -
964 Rule Morocco 2045 only - Aug 20 2:00 0 -
965 Rule Morocco 2046 only - Jul 1 3:00 -1:00 -
966 Rule Morocco 2046 only - Aug 12 2:00 0 -
967 Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jun 23 3:00 -1:00 -
968 Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jul 28 2:00 0 -
969 Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jun 7 3:00 -1:00 -
970 Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jul 19 2:00 0 -
971 Rule Morocco 2049 only - May 30 3:00 -1:00 -
972 Rule Morocco 2049 only - Jul 4 2:00 0 -
973 Rule Morocco 2050 only - May 15 3:00 -1:00 -
974 Rule Morocco 2050 only - Jun 26 2:00 0 -
975 Rule Morocco 2051 only - May 7 3:00 -1:00 -
976 Rule Morocco 2051 only - Jun 18 2:00 0 -
977 Rule Morocco 2052 only - Apr 28 3:00 -1:00 -
978 Rule Morocco 2052 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 -
979 Rule Morocco 2053 only - Apr 13 3:00 -1:00 -
980 Rule Morocco 2053 only - May 25 2:00 0 -
981 Rule Morocco 2054 only - Apr 5 3:00 -1:00 -
982 Rule Morocco 2054 only - May 17 2:00 0 -
983 Rule Morocco 2055 only - Mar 28 3:00 -1:00 -
984 Rule Morocco 2055 only - May 2 2:00 0 -
985 Rule Morocco 2056 only - Mar 12 3:00 -1:00 -
986 Rule Morocco 2056 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 -
987 Rule Morocco 2057 only - Mar 4 3:00 -1:00 -
988 Rule Morocco 2057 only - Apr 8 2:00 0 -
989 Rule Morocco 2058 only - Feb 17 3:00 -1:00 -
990 Rule Morocco 2058 only - Mar 31 2:00 0 -
991 Rule Morocco 2059 only - Feb 9 3:00 -1:00 -
992 Rule Morocco 2059 only - Mar 23 2:00 0 -
993 Rule Morocco 2060 only - Feb 1 3:00 -1:00 -
994 Rule Morocco 2060 only - Mar 7 2:00 0 -
995 Rule Morocco 2061 only - Jan 16 3:00 -1:00 -
996 Rule Morocco 2061 only - Feb 27 2:00 0 -
997 Rule Morocco 2062 only - Jan 8 3:00 -1:00 -
998 Rule Morocco 2062 only - Feb 19 2:00 0 -
999 Rule Morocco 2062 only - Dec 31 3:00 -1:00 -
1000 Rule Morocco 2063 only - Feb 4 2:00 0 -
1001 Rule Morocco 2063 only - Dec 16 3:00 -1:00 -
1002 Rule Morocco 2064 only - Jan 27 2:00 0 -
1003 Rule Morocco 2064 only - Dec 7 3:00 -1:00 -
1004 Rule Morocco 2065 only - Jan 11 2:00 0 -
1005 Rule Morocco 2065 only - Nov 22 3:00 -1:00 -
1006 Rule Morocco 2066 only - Jan 3 2:00 0 -
1007 Rule Morocco 2066 only - Nov 14 3:00 -1:00 -
1008 Rule Morocco 2066 only - Dec 26 2:00 0 -
1009 Rule Morocco 2067 only - Nov 6 3:00 -1:00 -
1010 Rule Morocco 2067 only - Dec 11 2:00 0 -
1011 Rule Morocco 2068 only - Oct 21 3:00 -1:00 -
1012 Rule Morocco 2068 only - Dec 2 2:00 0 -
1013 Rule Morocco 2069 only - Oct 13 3:00 -1:00 -
1014 Rule Morocco 2069 only - Nov 24 2:00 0 -
1015 Rule Morocco 2070 only - Oct 5 3:00 -1:00 -
1016 Rule Morocco 2070 only - Nov 9 2:00 0 -
1017 Rule Morocco 2071 only - Sep 20 3:00 -1:00 -
1018 Rule Morocco 2071 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 -
1019 Rule Morocco 2072 only - Sep 11 3:00 -1:00 -
1020 Rule Morocco 2072 only - Oct 16 2:00 0 -
1021 Rule Morocco 2073 only - Aug 27 3:00 -1:00 -
1022 Rule Morocco 2073 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
1023 Rule Morocco 2074 only - Aug 19 3:00 -1:00 -
1024 Rule Morocco 2074 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1025 Rule Morocco 2075 only - Aug 11 3:00 -1:00 -
1026 Rule Morocco 2075 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 -
1027 Rule Morocco 2076 only - Jul 26 3:00 -1:00 -
1028 Rule Morocco 2076 only - Sep 6 2:00 0 -
1029 Rule Morocco 2077 only - Jul 18 3:00 -1:00 -
1030 Rule Morocco 2077 only - Aug 29 2:00 0 -
1031 Rule Morocco 2078 only - Jul 10 3:00 -1:00 -
1032 Rule Morocco 2078 only - Aug 14 2:00 0 -
1033 Rule Morocco 2079 only - Jun 25 3:00 -1:00 -
1034 Rule Morocco 2079 only - Aug 6 2:00 0 -
1035 Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jun 16 3:00 -1:00 -
1036 Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jul 21 2:00 0 -
1037 Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jun 1 3:00 -1:00 -
1038 Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jul 13 2:00 0 -
1039 Rule Morocco 2082 only - May 24 3:00 -1:00 -
1040 Rule Morocco 2082 only - Jul 5 2:00 0 -
1041 Rule Morocco 2083 only - May 16 3:00 -1:00 -
1042 Rule Morocco 2083 only - Jun 20 2:00 0 -
1043 Rule Morocco 2084 only - Apr 30 3:00 -1:00 -
1044 Rule Morocco 2084 only - Jun 11 2:00 0 -
1045 Rule Morocco 2085 only - Apr 22 3:00 -1:00 -
1046 Rule Morocco 2085 only - Jun 3 2:00 0 -
1047 Rule Morocco 2086 only - Apr 14 3:00 -1:00 -
1048 Rule Morocco 2086 only - May 19 2:00 0 -
1049 Rule Morocco 2087 only - Mar 30 3:00 -1:00 -
1050 Rule Morocco 2087 only - May 11 2:00 0 -
1051 # For dates after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff of 2087, assume that
1052 # Morocco will no longer observe DST. At some point this table will
1053 # need to be extended, though quite possibly Morocco will change the
1056 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1057 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
1058 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 1984 Mar 16
1060 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00
1061 1:00 Morocco +01/+00
1065 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
1066 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
1067 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
1070 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
1071 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
1072 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
1074 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún
1075 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14
1076 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00
1077 1:00 Morocco +01/+00
1081 # Democratic Republic of the Congo (eastern)
1088 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
1089 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
1090 # https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
1091 # merely made it official?
1093 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1094 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
1099 # From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09):
1100 # The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at
1101 # www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf
1102 # and includes this nugget:
1103 # Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the
1104 # first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall
1105 # commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on
1106 # Sunday 4 September 1994.
1108 # From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06):
1109 # ... both summer and winter time are called "standard"
1110 # (which differs from the use in Ireland) ...
1112 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
1113 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
1114 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
1115 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
1116 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
1117 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
1118 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
1121 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):
1122 # Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally
1123 # observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice.
1124 # In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
1125 # See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23.
1126 # https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers
1128 # From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09):
1129 # Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST:
1130 # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
1131 # This video is from the government decision:
1132 # https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665
1133 # We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at
1134 # the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September:
1135 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html
1137 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09):
1138 # Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally.
1139 # However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.:
1140 # http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706
1141 # https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia
1142 # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
1143 # Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible
1144 # with Namibia's neighbors.
1146 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1147 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
1148 Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT
1149 Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT
1150 Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT
1151 # Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk.
1152 #Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT
1153 #Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT
1154 #Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT
1155 # End of rearguard section.
1157 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1158 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1159 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar
1160 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
1161 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
1162 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
1163 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
1165 # Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk.
1166 # 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00
1167 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07):
1168 # The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See:
1169 # http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf
1170 # 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24
1172 # End of rearguard section.
1178 # Central African Republic
1179 # Democratic Republic of the Congo (western)
1180 # Republic of the Congo
1186 # From P Chan (2020-12-03):
1187 # GMT was adopted as the standard time of Lagos on 1905-07-01.
1188 # Lagos Weekly Record, 1905-06-24, p 3
1189 # http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558#?c=0&m=668&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1446%2C5221%2C1931%2C1235
1190 # says "It is officially notified that on and after the 1st of July 1905
1191 # Greenwich Mean Solar Time will be adopted thought the Colony and
1192 # Protectorate, and that it will be necessary to put all clocks 13 minutes and
1193 # 35 seconds back, recording local mean time."
1195 # It seemed that Lagos returned to LMT on 1908-07-01.
1196 # [The Lagos Standard], 1908-07-01, p 5
1197 # http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31556#?c=0&m=78&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-92%2C3590%2C3944%2C2523
1198 # says "Scarcely have the people become accustomed to this new time, when
1199 # another official notice has now appeared announcing that from and after the
1200 # 1st July next, return will be made to local mean time."
1202 # From P Chan (2020-11-27):
1203 # On 1914-01-01, standard time of GMT+0:30 was adopted for the unified Nigeria.
1204 # Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 878. Nigeria. Report for 1914. (April 1916),
1206 # https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/3064634/3064634_1914/3064634_1914_opt.pdf#page=27
1207 # "On January 1st [1914], a universal standard time for Nigeria was adopted,
1208 # viz., half an hour fast on Greenwich mean time, corresponding to the meridian
1209 # 7 [degrees] 30' E. long."
1210 # Lloyd's Register of Shipping (1915) says "Hitherto the time observed in Lagos
1211 # was the local mean time. On 1st January, 1914, standard time for the whole of
1212 # Nigeria was introduced ... Lagos time has been advanced about 16 minutes
1215 # In 1919, standard time was changed to GMT+1.
1216 # Interpretation Ordinance (Cap 2)
1217 # The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the
1218 # 1st Day of January, 1923, Vol.I [p 16]
1219 # https://books.google.com/books?id=BOMrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA16
1220 # "The expression 'Standard time' means standard time as used in Nigeria:
1221 # namely, 60 minutes in advance of Greenwich mean time. (As amended by 18 of
1223 # From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10):
1224 # The Lagos Weekly Record, 1919-09-20, p 3 details discussion on the first
1225 # reading of this Bill by the Legislative Council of the Colony of Nigeria on
1226 # Thursday 1919-08-28:
1227 # http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558?terms&item_id=303484#?m=1118&c=1&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1261%2C3408%2C2994%2C1915
1228 # "The proposal is that the Globe should be divided into twelve zones East and
1229 # West of Greenwich, of one hour each, Nigeria falling into the zone with a
1230 # standard of one hour fast on Greenwich Mean Time. Nigeria standard time is
1231 # now 30 minutes in advance of Greenwich Mean Time ... according to the new
1232 # proposal, standard time will be advanced another 30 minutes". It was further
1233 # proposed that the firing of the time guns likewise be adjusted by 30 minutes
1235 # From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10), per P Chan (2020-12-11):
1236 # The text of Ordinance 18 of 1919, published in Nigeria Gazette, Vol 6, No 52,
1237 # shows that the change was assented to the following day and took effect "on
1238 # the 1st day of September, 1919."
1239 # Nigeria Gazette and Supplements 1919 Jan-Dec, Reference: 73266B-40,
1241 # https://microform.digital/boa/collections/77/volumes/539/nigeria-lagos-1887-1919
1243 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1244 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:35 - LMT 1905 Jul 1
1245 0:00 - GMT 1908 Jul 1
1246 0:13:35 - LMT 1914 Jan 1
1247 0:30 - +0030 1919 Sep 1
1250 # São Tomé and Príncipe
1252 # See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition.
1254 # From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08):
1255 # Multiple sources tell that São Tomé changed from UTC to UTC+1 as
1256 # they entered the year 2018.
1257 # From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08):
1258 # the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017]
1259 # http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017
1261 # From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29):
1262 # São Tomé and Príncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019:
1263 # https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/
1265 # From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30):
1266 # https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818
1267 # ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal
1268 # coordinated time, will be reinstituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.]
1270 Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884
1272 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT
1273 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00
1274 1:00 - WAT 2019 Jan 1 02:00
1277 # Eswatini (Swaziland)
1281 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1282 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
1283 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1284 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1285 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1286 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
1289 # Marion and Prince Edward Is
1290 # scientific station since 1947
1295 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
1296 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
1297 # also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
1298 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
1299 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
1300 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1302 # From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17):
1303 # ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00)
1304 # to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017.
1306 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
1307 # A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the
1308 # year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia
1309 # Abdalla of NTC, archived at:
1310 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html
1312 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1313 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1314 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
1315 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1316 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1317 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1318 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
1319 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
1320 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1
1325 # From Steffen Thorsen (2021-01-18):
1326 # "South Sudan will change its time zone by setting the clock back 1
1327 # hour on February 1, 2021...."
1328 # from https://eyeradio.org/south-sudan-adopts-new-time-zone-makuei/
1330 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1331 Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931
1332 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
1333 3:00 - EAT 2021 Feb 1 00:00
1338 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
1339 # My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
1340 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
1341 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
1342 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
1343 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
1344 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
1345 # Saturday." (My translation)
1347 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
1348 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
1349 # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
1350 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
1353 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
1354 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
1355 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1356 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
1357 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
1359 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
1360 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
1362 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
1363 # https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
1365 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
1366 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
1367 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
1369 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
1370 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
1372 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
1375 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
1378 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
1380 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
1381 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
1382 # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
1383 # concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept
1384 # unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
1385 # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
1387 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
1388 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
1391 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
1393 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
1394 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
1397 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
1398 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
1399 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
1401 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1402 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1403 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1404 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1405 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
1406 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
1407 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
1408 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
1409 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
1410 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
1411 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1412 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
1413 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1414 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1415 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1416 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
1417 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1418 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1419 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1420 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1421 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
1422 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1423 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1424 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -
1425 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1426 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1428 # See Europe/Paris commentary for PMT-related transitions.
1429 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1430 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
1431 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
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