1 # Zones that go back beyond the scope of the tz database
3 # This file is in the public domain.
5 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know
6 # better, go ahead and edit it (and please send any changes to
7 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
8 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
11 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
13 # This file contains data outside the normal scope of the tz database,
14 # in that its zones do not differ from normal tz zones after 1970.
15 # Links in this file point to zones in this file, superseding links in
16 # the file 'backward'.
18 # Although zones in this file may be of some use for analyzing
19 # pre-1970 timestamps, they are less reliable, cover only a tiny
20 # sliver of the pre-1970 era, and cannot feasibly be improved to cover
21 # most of the era. Because the zones are out of normal scope for the
22 # database, less effort is put into maintaining this file. Many of
23 # the zones were formerly in other source files, but were removed or
24 # replaced by links as their data entries were questionable and/or they
25 # differed from other zones only in pre-1970 timestamps.
27 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
28 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
29 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
30 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
32 # This file is not intended to be compiled standalone, as it
33 # assumes rules from other files. In the tz distribution, use
34 # 'make PACKRATDATA=backzone zones' to compile and install this file.
37 # From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15):
38 # The following remarks should be incorporated into this table sometime.
39 # Patches in 'git format-patch' format would be welcome.
41 # From Phake Nick (2020-04-15):
42 # ... the historical timezone data for those China zones seems to be
43 # incorrect. The transition to GMT+8 date given there for these zones
44 # were 1980 which also contradict the file description that they do
45 # not disagree with normal zone after 1970. According to sources that
46 # have also been cited in the asia file, except Xinjiang and Tibet,
47 # they should have adopted the Beijing Time from around 1949/1950
48 # depends on exactly when each of those cities were taken over by the
49 # communist army. And they should also follow the DST setting of
50 # Asia/Shanghai after that point of time. In addition,
51 # http://gaz.ncl.edu.tw/detail.jsp?sysid=E1091792 the document from
52 # Chongqing Nationalist government say in year 1945 all of China
53 # should adopt summer time due to the war (not sure whether it
54 # continued after WWII ends)(Probably only enforced in area under
55 # their rule at the time?) The Asia/Harbin's 1932 and 1940 entry
56 # should also be incorrect. As per sources recorded at
57 # https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/%E6%BA%80%E5%B7%9E%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%99%82
58 # , in 1932 Harbin should have adopted UTC+8:00 instead of data
59 # currently listed in the tz database according to official
60 # announcement from Manchuko. And they should have adopted GMT+9 in
61 # 1937 January 1st according to official announcement at the time
62 # being cited on the webpage.
65 # Zones are sorted by zone name. Each zone is preceded by the
66 # name of the country that the zone is in, along with any other
67 # commentary and rules associated with the entry.
68 # If the zone overrides links in the main data, it
69 # is followed by the corresponding Link lines.
70 # If the zone overrides main-data links only when building with
71 # PACKRATLIST=zone.tab, it is followed by a commented-out Link line
72 # that starts with "#PACKRATLIST zone.tab".
74 # As explained in the zic man page, the zone columns are:
75 # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
76 # and the rule columns are:
77 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
82 # From P Chan (2020-11-20):
83 # Interpretation Amendment Ordinance, 1915 (No.24 of 1915) [1915-11-02]
84 # Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1915, p 69-71
85 # https://books.google.com/books?id=ErA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA70
86 # This Ordinance added "'Time' shall mean Greenwich Mean Time" to the
87 # Interpretation Ordinance, 1876.
89 # Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919 (No. 18 of 1919) [1919-11-24]
90 # Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1919, p 75-76
91 # https://books.google.com/books?id=MbA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA75
92 # This Ordinance removed the previous definition of time and introduced DST.
94 # Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 214)
95 # The Laws of the Gold Coast (including Togoland Under British Mandate)
96 # Vol. II (1937), p 2328
97 # https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7M-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA2328
98 # Revised edition of the 1919 Ordinance.
100 # Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1940 (No. 9 of 1940) [1940-04-06]
101 # Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
102 # Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1940, p 22
103 # https://books.google.com/books?id=1ao-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA22
104 # This Ordinance changed the forward transition from September to May.
106 # Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment) Regulations, 1942
107 # (Regulations No. 6 of 1942) [1942-01-31, commenced on 1942-02-08]
108 # Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
109 # Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 48
110 # https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA48
111 # These regulations advanced the [standard] time by thirty minutes.
113 # Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment (No.2)) Regulations,
114 # 1942 (Regulations No. 28 of 1942) [1942-04-25]
115 # Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
116 # Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 87
117 # https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA87
118 # These regulations abolished DST and changed the time to GMT+0:30.
120 # Defence (Revocation) (No.4) Regulations, 1945 (Regulations No. 45 of
121 # 1945) [1945-10-24, commenced on 1946-01-06]
122 # Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
123 # Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 256
124 # https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA256
125 # These regulations revoked the previous two sets of Regulations.
127 # Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1945 (No. 18 of 1945) [1946-01-06]
128 # Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
129 # Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 69
130 # https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA69
131 # This Ordinance abolished DST.
133 # Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1950 (No. 26 of 1950) [1950-07-22]
134 # Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
135 # Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1950, p 35
136 # https://books.google.com/books?id=e60-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA35
137 # This Ordinance restored DST but with thirty minutes offset.
139 # Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 264)
140 # The Laws of the Gold Coast, Vol. V (1954), p 380
141 # https://books.google.com/books?id=Mqc-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA380
142 # Revised edition of the Time Determination Ordinance.
144 # Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1956 (No. 21 of 1956) [1956-08-29]
145 # Annual Volume of the Ordinances of the Gold Coast Enacted During the
147 # https://books.google.com/books?id=VLE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA83
148 # This Ordinance abolished DST.
150 Rule Ghana 1919 only - Nov 24 0:00 0:20 +0020
151 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT
152 Rule Ghana 1920 1939 - Sep 1 2:00 0:20 +0020
153 Rule Ghana 1940 1941 - May 1 2:00 0:20 +0020
154 Rule Ghana 1950 1955 - Sep 1 2:00 0:30 +0030
155 Rule Ghana 1951 1956 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT
157 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1915 Nov 2
158 0:00 Ghana %s 1942 Feb 8
159 0:30 - +0030 1946 Jan 6
163 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
164 # Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a
165 # 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our
166 # 02:00 or 14:00. Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic.
168 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time
169 # zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in
170 # 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05. Perhaps 38E50
171 # was for Adis Dera. Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong
173 Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870
174 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
178 Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870
179 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time
180 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
182 Link Africa/Asmara Africa/Asmera
185 Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912
186 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
187 -1:00 - -01 1960 Jun 20
189 #PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link Africa/Bamako Africa/Timbuktu
191 # Central African Republic
192 Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912
196 # From P Chan (2020-12-09):
197 # Standard time of GMT-1 was adopted on 1933-04-01. On 1942-02-01, GMT was
198 # adopted as a war time measure. This was made permanent in 1946.
200 # Interpretation Ordinance, 1914 (No. 12 of 1914) [1914-09-29]
201 # Interpretation Ordinance, 1933 (No. 10 of 1933) [1933-03-31]
202 # Notice No. 5 of 1942, Colony of the Gambia Government Gazette, Vol. LIX,
203 # No.2, 1942-01-15, p 2
204 # Interpretation (Amendment) Ordinance, 1946 (No. 3 of 1946) [1946-07-15]
205 Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912
206 -1:06:36 - BMT 1933 Apr 1 # Banjul Mean Time
207 -1:00 - -01 1942 Feb 1 0:00
211 # From P Chan (2020-12-09):
212 # In 1911, Zomba mean time was adopted as the legal time of Nyasaland. In
213 # 1914, Zomba mean time switched from GMT+2:21:10 to GMT+2:21. On 1925-07-01,
216 # Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance, 1911 (No. 12 of 1911)
218 # Notice No. 124 of 1914, 1914-06-30, The Nyasaland Government Gazette, Vol.
219 # XXI, No. 8, 1914-06-30, p 122
220 # Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance, 1925 (No. 3 of
222 Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1911 Jul 24
223 2:21:10 - ZMT 1914 Jun 30 # Zomba Mean Time
224 2:21 - ZMT 1925 Jul 1
227 # Republic of the Congo
228 Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912
232 Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890
236 Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912
237 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
242 Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912
247 Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
253 Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul
257 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
258 Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912
261 # From P Chan (2020-12-09):
262 # Standard time of GMT-1 was adopted on 1913-07-01. Twenty minutes of DST was
263 # introduce[d] in 1932 and was suspended in 1939. In 1941, GMT was adopted by
264 # Defence Regulations. This was made permanent in 1946.
266 # Government Notice No. 121 of 1913, 1913-06-06, Sierra Leone Royal Gazette,
267 # Vol. XLIV, No. 1384, 1913-06-14, p 347
268 # Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1932 (No. 34 of 1932) [1932-12-01]
269 # Alteration of Time (Amendment) Ordinance, 1938 (No. 25 of 1938) [1938-11-24]
270 # Defence Regulations (No. 9), 1939 (Regulations No. 9 of 1939), 1939-09-05
271 # Defence Regulations (No. 11), 1939 (Regulations No. 11 of 1939), 1939-09-27
272 # Defence (Amendment) (No. 17) Regulations, 1941 (Public Notice No. 157 of
274 # Alteration of Time (Amendment) Ordinance, 1946 (No. 2 of 1946) [1946-02-07]
276 # From Tim Parenti (2021-03-02), per P Chan (2021-02-25):
277 # For Sierra Leone in 1957-1962, the standard time was defined in the
278 # Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1932 (as amended in 1946, renamed to Local Time
279 # Ordinance in 1960 and Local Time Act in 1961). It was unamended throughout
280 # that period. See references to "Time" in the Alphabetical Index of the
281 # Legislation in force on the 31st day of December,
282 # 1957: https://books.google.com/books?id=lvQ-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA49
283 # 1958: https://books.google.com/books?id=4fQ-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA50
284 # 1959: https://books.google.com/books?id=p_U-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA55
285 # 1960: https://books.google.com/books?id=JPY-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA37
286 # 1961: https://books.google.com/books?id=7vY-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA41
287 # 1962: https://books.google.com/books?id=W_c-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA44
288 # 1963: https://books.google.com/books?id=9vk-AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA47
290 # Although Shanks & Pottenger had DST from Jun 1 00:00 to Sep 1 00:00 in this
291 # period, many contemporaneous almanacs agree that it wasn't used:
292 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2021-February/029866.html
295 Rule SL 1932 only - Dec 1 0:00 0:20 -0040
296 Rule SL 1933 1938 - Mar 31 24:00 0 -01
297 Rule SL 1933 1939 - Aug 31 24:00 0:20 -0040
298 Rule SL 1939 only - May 31 24:00 0 -01
300 Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882
301 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jul 1 # Freetown MT
302 -1:00 SL %s 1939 Sep 5
303 -1:00 - -01 1941 Dec 6 24:00
307 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
308 # Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899;
309 # assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did.
310 Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885
312 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00
313 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
317 Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar
321 Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul
328 Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun
331 # Democratic Republic of the Congo (west)
332 Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
336 Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912
340 Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893
345 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
346 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
347 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
348 # (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect.
350 Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892
351 0:52:04 - LMT 1911 Dec 31 23:00u # Luanda MT?
354 # Democratic Republic of the Congo (east)
356 # From Alois Treindl (2022-02-28):
357 # My main source for its time zone history is
358 # Henri le Corre, Régimes horaires pour l'Europe et l'Afrique.
359 # Shanks follows le Corre. As does Françoise Schneider-Gauquelin in her book
360 # Problèmes de l'heure résolus pour le monde entier.
362 Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
363 1:00 - WAT 1920 Apr 25
367 Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar
372 # Although Shanks says that Malabo switched from UT +00 to +01 on 1963-12-15,
373 # a Google Books search says that London Calling, Issues 432-465 (1948), p 19,
374 # says that Spanish Guinea was at +01 back then. The Shanks data entries
375 # are most likely wrong, but we have nothing better; use them here for now.
377 Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912
378 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15
382 Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
383 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00
384 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
387 # Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)
388 Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar
392 Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov
398 Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912
399 -1:00 - -01 1934 Feb 26
404 Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912
405 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
406 -1:00 - -01 1960 Nov 28
410 Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912
414 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
415 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
416 Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
417 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
421 Zone Africa/Timbuktu -0:12:04 - LMT 1912
425 Zone America/Anguilla -4:12:16 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
428 # Antigua and Barbuda
429 Zone America/Antigua -4:07:12 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
434 # The name "Comodoro Rivadavia" exceeds the 14-byte POSIX limit.
435 Zone America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia -4:30:00 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
436 -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
438 -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
439 -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Mar 3
440 -4:00 - -04 1991 Oct 20
441 -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1999 Oct 3
442 -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3
443 -3:00 - -03 2004 Jun 1
444 -4:00 - -04 2004 Jun 20
448 Zone America/Aruba -4:40:24 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Oranjestad
454 # From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
455 # Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
456 # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
457 # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
458 # He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
459 # http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html
460 # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
461 # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
462 # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
464 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
465 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
466 # New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
467 # CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
468 # violation of the official Ontario rules.
470 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
471 # Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
472 # 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
474 # The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
475 # This means they spend about half the time on central time and
476 # the other half on eastern time.
478 # For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
480 # "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
481 # Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
482 # said. "I don't see any changes happening here."
484 # Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
485 # [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."
487 # From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
488 # I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
489 # and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
490 # can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
491 # time keeping since 1952, at least.
493 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
494 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
495 # ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
496 # McKinnon sounds more authoritative. For now, assume that Atikokan
497 # switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
498 # ended. This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
499 # entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
500 # America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
502 Zone America/Atikokan -6:06:28 - LMT 1895
503 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
504 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
505 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
507 #PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link America/Atikokan America/Coral_Harbour
509 # Quebec east of Natashquan
511 # From Paul Eggert (2021-05-09):
512 # H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
513 # "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
514 # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/alacarte.asp
515 # says that Quebec east of the -63 meridian is supposed to observe
516 # AST, but residents as far east as Natashquan use EST/EDT, and
517 # residents east of Natashquan use AST.
518 # The Quebec department of justice writes in
519 # "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord"
520 # https://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/en/department/ministre/functions-and-responsabilities/legal-time-in-quebec/the-situation-in-minganie-and-basse-cote-nord/
521 # that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
522 # observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
523 # This common practice was codified into law as of 2007; see Legal Time Act,
524 # CQLR c T-5.1 <http://legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/ShowDoc/cs/T-5.1>.
525 # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
526 # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
528 Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 - LMT 1884
529 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1970
533 Zone America/Cayman -5:25:32 - LMT 1890 # Georgetown
534 -5:07:10 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
539 # From Paul Eggert (2018-03-18):
540 # America/Chillicothe would be tricky, as it was a city of two-timers:
541 # "To prevent a constant mixup at Chillicothe, caused by the courthouse
542 # clock running on central time and the city running on 'daylight saving'
543 # time, a third hand was added to the dial of the courthouse clock."
544 # -- Ohio news in brief. The Cedarville Herald. 1920-05-21;43(21):1 (col. 5)
545 # https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/cedarville_herald/794
548 Zone America/Coral_Harbour -5:32:40 - LMT 1884
549 -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1946
552 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01):
553 # There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia
554 # that do not currently observe daylight saving:
555 # a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area)
556 # b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District
557 # (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John)
559 # Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
560 # keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
561 # manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
562 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
563 # According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
564 # i.e. Creston has been stuck on UT-7 for 93 years.
565 # Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
567 # Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
568 # unknown and will be difficult to ascertain. I e-mailed Tammy a few months
569 # ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess. She said it was just
570 # as plausible as any other date (in June). She also said that after writing
571 # the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the
572 # subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
573 # http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
575 # Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
576 # 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
578 # 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
579 # Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
580 # 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
581 # Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
583 # On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada,
584 # Creston did not change its clocks.
586 # During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change,
587 # Creston did not oblige.
589 # There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
591 # The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
592 # http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
594 # During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
595 # In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
596 # summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before
597 # the change. It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this
598 # period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough
599 # (to anyone) to further complicate the rules.
601 # The transition dates (and times) are guesses.
603 Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884
604 -7:00 - MST 1916 Oct 1
605 -8:00 - PST 1918 Jun 2
609 # Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curaçao mean time; round to nearest.
611 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
612 # Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at
613 # -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that
614 # Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from
615 # 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01. The former is dubious, since S&P also say
616 # Saba Island has been like Curaçao.
617 # This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
619 # By July 2007 Curaçao and St Maarten are planned to become
620 # associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba;
621 # Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the
622 # Netherlands as Kingdom Islands. This won't affect their time zones
623 # though, as far as we know.
625 Zone America/Curacao -4:35:47 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad
628 Link America/Curacao America/Kralendijk
629 Link America/Curacao America/Lower_Princes
632 Zone America/Dominica -4:05:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Roseau
636 # See 'northamerica' for why this entry is here rather than there.
637 Zone America/Ensenada -7:46:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:13:32
638 -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
639 -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 16
641 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
646 Zone America/Grenada -4:07:00 - LMT 1911 Jul # St George's
650 Zone America/Guadeloupe -4:06:08 - LMT 1911 Jun 8 # Pointe-à-Pitre
656 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24):
657 # Since 1970 most of Quebec has been like Toronto; see
658 # America/Toronto. However, earlier versions of the tz database
659 # mistakenly relied on data from Shanks & Pottenger saying that Quebec
660 # differed from Ontario after 1970, and the following rules and zone
661 # were created for most of Quebec from the incorrect Shanks &
662 # Pottenger data. The post-1970 entries have been corrected, but the
663 # pre-1970 entries are unchecked and probably have errors.
665 Rule Mont 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 1:00 D
666 Rule Mont 1917 only - Apr 24 0:00 0 S
667 Rule Mont 1919 only - Mar 31 2:30 1:00 D
668 Rule Mont 1919 only - Oct 25 2:30 0 S
669 Rule Mont 1920 only - May 2 2:30 1:00 D
670 Rule Mont 1920 1922 - Oct Sun>=1 2:30 0 S
671 Rule Mont 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
672 Rule Mont 1922 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D
673 Rule Mont 1924 only - May 17 2:00 1:00 D
674 Rule Mont 1924 1926 - Sep lastSun 2:30 0 S
675 Rule Mont 1925 1926 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
676 Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Apr lastSat 24:00 1:00 D
677 Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Sep lastSat 24:00 0 S
678 Rule Mont 1938 1940 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
679 Rule Mont 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
680 Rule Mont 1946 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
681 Rule Mont 1945 1948 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
682 Rule Mont 1949 1950 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
683 Rule Mont 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
684 Rule Mont 1957 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
685 Zone America/Montreal -4:54:16 - LMT 1884
687 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1919
688 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
689 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1946
694 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
695 # In 1995 volcanic eruptions forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital.
696 # world.gazetteer.com says Cork Hill is the most populous location now.
697 Zone America/Montserrat -4:08:52 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Cork Hill
702 # For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that.
704 # From P Chan (2020-11-27, corrected on 2020-12-02):
705 # There were two periods of DST observed in 1942-1945: 1942-05-01
706 # midnight to 1944-12-31 midnight and 1945-02-01 to 1945-10-17 midnight.
707 # "midnight" should mean 24:00 from the context.
709 # War Time Order 1942 [1942-05-01] and War Time (No. 2) Order 1942 [1942-09-29]
710 # Appendix to the Statutes of 7 George VI. and the Year 1942. p 34, 43
711 # https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA34
712 # https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA43
714 # War Time Order 1943 [1943-03-31] and War Time Order 1944 [1943-12-29]
715 # Appendix to the Statutes of 8 George VI. and the Year 1943. p 9-10, 28-29
716 # https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA9
717 # https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA28
719 # War Time Order 1945 [1945-01-31] and the Order which revoke War Time Order
720 # 1945 [1945-10-16] Appendix to the Statutes of 9 George VI. and the Year
721 # 1945. p 160, 247-248
722 # https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA160
723 # https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA247
725 # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
726 # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
727 # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
728 # http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
730 Rule Bahamas 1942 only - May 1 24:00 1:00 W
731 Rule Bahamas 1944 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 S
732 Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Feb 1 0:00 1:00 W
733 Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
734 Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Oct 17 24:00 0 S
735 Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
736 Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
738 Zone America/Nassau -5:09:30 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
739 -5:00 Bahamas E%sT 1976
744 # From Paul Eggert (2018-03-18):
745 # America/Palm_Springs would be tricky, as it kept two sets of clocks
746 # in 1946/7. See the following notes.
748 # From Steve Allen (2018-01-19):
749 # The shadow of Mt. San Jacinto brings darkness very early in the winter
750 # months. In 1946 the chamber of commerce decided to put the clocks of Palm
751 # Springs forward by an hour in the winter.
752 # https://www.desertsun.com/story/life/2017/12/27/palm-springs-struggle-daylight-savings-time-and-idea-sun-time/984416001/
753 # Desert Sun, Number 18, 1 November 1946
754 # https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19461101
755 # has proposal for meeting on front page and page 21.
756 # Desert Sun, Number 19, 5 November 1946
757 # https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19461105
758 # reports that Sun Time won at the meeting on front page and page 5.
759 # Desert Sun, Number 37, 7 January 1947
760 # https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19470107.2.12
761 # front page reports request to abandon Sun Time and page 7 notes a "class war".
762 # Desert Sun, Number 38, 10 January 1947
763 # https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19470110
764 # front page reports on end.
766 # Trinidad and Tobago
767 Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
769 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot
770 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy
773 # This entry was intended for the following areas, but has been superseded by
774 # more detailed zones.
775 # Santa Fe (SF), Entre Ríos (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), Chaco (CC),
776 # Formosa (FM), La Pampa (LP), Chubut (CH)
777 Zone America/Rosario -4:02:40 - LMT 1894 Nov
778 -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May
780 -4:00 Arg -04/-03 1969 Oct 5
781 -3:00 Arg -03/-02 1991 Jul
782 -3:00 - -03 1999 Oct 3 0:00
783 -4:00 Arg -04/-03 2000 Mar 3 0:00
787 Zone America/St_Kitts -4:10:52 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 # Basseterre
791 Zone America/St_Lucia -4:04:00 - LMT 1890 # Castries
792 -4:04:00 - CMT 1912 # Castries Mean Time
796 Zone America/St_Thomas -4:19:44 - LMT 1911 Jul # Charlotte Amalie
798 Link America/St_Thomas America/Virgin
800 # St Vincent and the Grenadines
801 Zone America/St_Vincent -4:04:56 - LMT 1890 # Kingstown
802 -4:04:56 - KMT 1912 # Kingstown Mean Time
806 Zone America/Tortola -4:18:28 - LMT 1911 Jul # Road Town
809 # Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
810 # <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station> (2005-12-05)
812 # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
813 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
815 Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - -00 1947
816 10:00 - +10 1952 Jan 14
820 # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
821 Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - -00 1956
823 Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole
827 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
828 # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
830 # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
831 # was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main
832 # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
834 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
835 # http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html
836 Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - -00 1957 Jan 29
841 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
842 # From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15):
843 # http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP
844 # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
845 # time as Moscow, Russia.
847 # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
848 # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
849 # what they had to say about time there:
850 # "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
851 # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
852 # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
853 # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
854 # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT."
856 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
857 # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
858 # in person. He said that some Antarctic locations set their local
859 # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
860 # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
861 # solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
862 # happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time
863 # it is at Vostok. But we'll guess +06.
865 Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - -00 1957 Dec 16
869 # Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden,
870 # and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia.
871 Zone Asia/Aden 2:59:54 - LMT 1950
876 # From Paul Eggert (2020-07-23):
877 # Most of this data comes from:
878 # Stewart A. Why Gulf Standard Time is far from standard: the fascinating story
879 # behind the time zone's invention. The National (Abu Dhabi). 2020-07-22.
880 # https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/why-gulf-standard-time-is-far-from-standard-the-fascinating-story-behind-the-time-zone-s-invention-1.1052589
881 # Stewart writes that before 1941 some companies in Bahrain were at +0330 and
882 # others at +0323. Reginald George Alban, a British political agent based in
883 # Manama, worked to standardize this, and from 1941-07-20 Bahrain was at
884 # +0330. However, BOAC asked that clocks be moved to gain more light at day's
885 # end, so Bahrain switched to +04 on 1944-01-01.
887 # Re the 1941 transition, Stewart privately sent me this citation:
888 # "File 16/53 Enquiries Re: Calculation of Local Time", British Library: India
889 # Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/1564, in Qatar Digital Library
890 # https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100000000282.0x00012b
891 # It says there was no real standard in Bahrain before 1941-07-20.
892 # +0330 was used by steamers of the British India Co, by Petroleum Concessions
893 # and by Cable & Wireless; +0323 was used by the Eastern Bank Ltd, BOAC, and
894 # Bahrein Petroleum (Bapco), and California Arabian Standard Oil Co (Casoc)
895 # adopted DST effective 1941-05-24. Alban suggested adopting DST, R.B. Coomb
896 # of C&W countersuggested +0330, and although C.A. Rodstrom of Casoc (formerly
897 # of Bapco) stated that Bahrain had formerly used +0330 before Bapco arrived
898 # but Bapco switched to +0323 because of "constant confusion", the consensus
899 # was +0330. The government adopted +0330 in 1941-07-20 and companies seem to
900 # have switched by 08-01. No time of day was given for the 1940s transitions.
901 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1941 Jul 20 # Manamah
902 3:30 - +0330 1944 Jan 1
907 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
913 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
914 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 305 says that Madras
915 # civil time was 5:20:57.3.
917 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-21):
918 # In tomorrow's The Hindu, Nitya Menon reports that India had two civil time
919 # zones starting in 1884, one in Bombay and one in Calcutta, and that railways
920 # used a third time zone based on Madras time (80° 18' 30" E). Also,
921 # in 1881 Bombay briefly switched to Madras time, but switched back. See:
922 # http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/madras-375-when-madras-clocked-the-time/article6339393.ece
923 #Zone Asia/Chennai [not enough info to complete]
926 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
927 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
928 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
929 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
930 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
931 Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
934 Link Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking
937 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
938 # See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for this data.
939 # Trần's book says the 1954-55 transition to 07:00 in Hanoi was in
940 # October 1954, with exact date and time unspecified.
941 Zone Asia/Hanoi 7:03:24 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
942 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1
943 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
944 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00
945 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2
946 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1
951 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
952 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
953 Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
954 8:30 - +0830 1932 Mar
957 8:30 - +0830 1980 May
961 Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
966 # peninsular Malaysia
967 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
968 # https://web.archive.org/web/20190822231045/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathelmr/teaching/timezone.html
969 # This agrees with Singapore since 1905-06-01.
970 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
971 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
972 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
973 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
974 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
975 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
976 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
977 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
981 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
986 # Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory.
987 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:24 - LMT 1920
991 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
992 # According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
993 # https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
994 # Portuguese India switched to UT +05 on 1912-01-01.
995 #Zone Asia/Panaji [not enough info to complete]
999 # From an adoptive daughter of the late Cambodian ruler Prince Sihanouk,
1000 # via Alois Treindl (2019-08-08):
1002 # King Sihanouk said that, during the Japanese occupation, starting with
1003 # what historians refer to as "le coup de force du 9 mars 1945", Cambodia,
1004 # like the entire French Indochina, used Tokyo time zone. After Japan
1005 # surrendered, 2 September 1945, Cambodia fell under French rule again and
1006 # adopted Hanoi time zone again.
1008 # However, on 7 January 1946, Sihanouk and Tioulong managed to obtain a
1009 # status of "internal autonomy" from the government of Charles de Gaulle.
1010 # Although many fields remained under the administration of the French
1011 # (customs, taxes, justice, defence, foreign affairs, etc.), the Cambodian
1012 # administration was responsible for religious matters and traditional
1013 # celebrations, which included our calendar and time. The time zone was GMT
1014 # + 7 and _no_ DST was applied.
1016 # After Sihanouk and Tioulong achieved full independence, on 9 November 1953,
1017 # GMT + 7 was maintained.
1019 # From Paul Eggert (2019-08-26):
1020 # See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of rest of this data.
1022 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
1023 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1
1024 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
1025 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00
1026 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2
1030 Zone Asia/Tel_Aviv 2:19:04 - LMT 1880
1035 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-11):
1036 # See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of this data.
1037 # Trần's book says that Laos reverted to UT +07 on 1955-04-15.
1038 # Also, guess that Laos reverted to +07 on 1945-09-02, when Vietnam did;
1039 # this is probably wrong but it's better than guessing no transition.
1040 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
1041 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1
1042 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
1043 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00
1044 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2
1045 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1
1046 8:00 - +08 1955 Apr 15
1051 Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - -01
1055 # From Adam David (1993-11-06):
1056 # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
1059 # This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
1062 # From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
1063 # behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
1064 # of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavík mean solar time which
1065 # was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
1067 # "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
1068 # of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
1069 # time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
1070 # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
1073 # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
1074 # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
1075 # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
1076 # the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
1077 # (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
1078 # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
1079 # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
1080 # might mean something else (???).
1082 # From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22):
1083 # The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see
1084 # http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html
1086 Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 -
1087 Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
1088 Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
1089 Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 -
1090 Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 -
1091 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 -
1092 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 -
1093 Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 -
1094 Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 -
1095 Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 -
1096 # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
1097 Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 -
1098 Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1099 # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
1100 Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 -
1101 # 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week
1102 Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
1103 Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1104 Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
1106 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908
1107 -1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1109 Link Atlantic/Reykjavik Iceland
1112 Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown
1113 -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time
1117 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
1118 10:00 AT AE%sT 1919 Oct 24
1119 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1968 Oct 15
1125 # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
1126 # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
1128 # However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
1129 # Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
1130 # Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
1131 # the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
1132 # (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
1133 # common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
1134 # not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
1135 # On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
1136 # was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
1139 # 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
1140 # observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
1141 # practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
1144 # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
1145 # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
1146 # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
1147 # actually followed.
1149 # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
1150 # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
1151 # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
1152 # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
1153 # adopted Amsterdam mean time.
1155 # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
1156 # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
1157 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
1158 # Amsterdam mean time.
1160 # The data entries before 1945 are taken from
1161 # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm
1163 # From Paul Eggert (2021-05-09):
1164 # I invented the abbreviations AMT for Amsterdam Mean Time and NST for
1165 # Netherlands Summer Time, used in the Netherlands from 1835 to 1937.
1167 Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1168 Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1169 Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1170 Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1171 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1172 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
1173 Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1174 Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
1175 Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1176 Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1177 Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1178 # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
1179 # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
1180 Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1181 Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1182 Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1183 Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1184 Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1185 Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
1186 Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1187 Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1188 Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1190 Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
1191 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
1192 0:20 Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16 0:00
1193 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1194 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1199 Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
1200 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00
1201 # DMT = Dublin/Dunsink MT
1202 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
1203 # IST = Irish Summer Time
1204 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
1205 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
1206 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
1212 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
1213 # the law [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
1214 # The page https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1893/83
1215 # confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
1217 # The EU [actually, EEC and Euratom] treaty with effect from 1973:
1218 # https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1972/21100
1220 # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
1221 # in subsequent decrees with the law
1222 # https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1974/223
1224 # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have
1225 # not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
1226 # changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
1227 # 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from
1228 # the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know
1229 # when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
1230 # confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
1231 # The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
1232 # working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
1233 # was suspended on that night):
1234 # https://web.archive.org/web/20140104053304/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=60267
1236 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
1237 # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
1238 # Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
1240 # From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
1241 # Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
1242 # wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.
1244 Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1245 Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
1246 Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
1247 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1248 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
1249 Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
1250 Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
1251 Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
1252 Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
1253 Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
1254 Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
1256 Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
1257 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
1258 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1259 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1260 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
1264 # Data from Joseph S. Myers
1265 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html
1266 # References to be added
1267 # LMT is for Town Church, St. Peter Port, 49° 27' 17" N, 2° 32' 10" W.
1268 Zone Europe/Guernsey -0:10:09 - LMT 1913 Jun 18
1269 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Jul 2
1270 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8
1271 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
1272 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
1273 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
1278 # From Lester Caine (2013-09-04):
1279 # The Isle of Man legislation is now on-line at
1280 # <https://www.legislation.gov.im>, starting with the original Statutory
1281 # Time Act in 1883 and including additional confirmation of some of
1282 # the dates of the 'Summer Time' orders originating at
1283 # Westminster. There is a little uncertainty as to the starting date
1284 # of the first summer time in 1916 which may have been announced a
1285 # couple of days late. There is still a substantial number of
1286 # documents to work through, but it is thought that every GB change
1287 # was also implemented on the island.
1289 # AT4 of 1883 - The Statutory Time et cetera Act 1883 -
1290 # LMT Location - 54.1508N -4.4814E - Tynwald Hill ( Manx parliament )
1291 Zone Europe/Isle_of_Man -0:17:55 - LMT 1883 Mar 30 0:00s
1292 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
1293 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
1294 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
1298 # Data from Joseph S. Myers
1299 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html
1300 # References to be added
1301 # LMT is for Parish Church, St. Helier, 49° 11' 0.57" N, 2° 6' 24.33" W.
1302 Zone Europe/Jersey -0:08:26 - LMT 1898 Jun 11 16:00u
1303 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Jul 2
1304 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8
1305 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
1306 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
1307 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
1311 Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884
1312 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1313 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
1314 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1315 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
1321 # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
1322 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1323 Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1324 Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1325 Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
1326 Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
1327 Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1328 Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
1329 Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
1330 Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
1331 Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
1332 Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
1333 Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
1334 Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
1335 Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
1336 Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1337 Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
1338 Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
1339 Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
1340 Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1341 Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1342 Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
1343 Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
1344 Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
1345 Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
1347 Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
1348 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
1349 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1350 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1351 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1352 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1357 # From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12):
1358 # In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1892-05-24, online at
1359 # https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/b1c67c12c5af11b41ea888fb048e4fe8.pdf
1361 # [In virtue of a Sovereign Ordinance of the May 13 of the current [year],
1362 # legal time in the Principality will be set to, from the date of June 1,
1363 # 1892 onwards, to the meridian of Paris, as in France.]
1364 # In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1911-03-28, online at
1365 # https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/de74ffb7db53d4f599059fe8f0ed482a.pdf
1366 # we read an ordinance of 1911-03-16: ...
1367 # [Legal time in the Principality will be set, from the date of promulgation
1368 # of the present ordinance, to legal time in France.... Consequently, legal
1369 # time will be retarded by 9 minutes and 21 seconds.]
1371 Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1892 Jun 1
1372 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 29 # Paris Mean Time
1373 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1374 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1380 # http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
1382 Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
1383 Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1384 Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1385 Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
1386 Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1387 Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
1388 Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
1390 Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
1391 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1392 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1393 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
1395 Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
1396 #PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link Europe/Oslo Atlantic/Jan_Mayen
1398 # Bosnia and Herzegovina
1399 Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884
1400 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1401 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
1402 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1403 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
1407 Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884
1408 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1409 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
1410 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1411 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
1417 # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
1419 # The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
1420 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
1421 # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
1422 # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
1423 # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
1425 # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18° 03' 30"
1426 # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
1427 # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
1429 # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
1430 # författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
1431 # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
1432 # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
1433 # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
1434 # from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
1435 # 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
1436 # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
1438 # 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states
1439 # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
1440 # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
1441 # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
1443 # The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
1444 # Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
1445 # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
1446 # in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
1447 # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
1452 # I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
1453 # summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
1454 # 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some
1455 # people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
1456 # at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
1457 # hour before the event took place.
1459 # Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
1461 # An extra-special abbreviation style is SET for Swedish Time (svensk
1462 # normaltid) 1879-1899, 3° west of the Stockholm Observatory.
1464 Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
1465 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
1466 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00
1467 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00
1472 # Moldova / Transnistria
1473 Zone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880
1474 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
1475 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1476 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
1477 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
1478 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
1479 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1480 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1485 # From Paul Eggert (2022-07-21):
1486 # Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich starting June 1894.
1488 # From Alois Treindl (2019-07-04):
1489 # I was able to access the online archive of the Vaduz paper Vaterland ...
1490 # I could confirm from the paper that Liechtenstein did in fact follow
1491 # the same DST in 1941 and 1942 as Switzerland did.
1493 Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
1494 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
1498 Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884
1499 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1500 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
1501 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1502 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
1506 Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul
1507 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s
1508 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s
1512 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
1515 # Cocos (Keeling) Is
1516 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
1517 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
1518 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
1522 Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
1526 Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - -00 1950 # Port-aux-Français
1531 # From P Chan (2020-11-27):
1532 # Standard Time was adopted on 1907-01-01.
1534 # Standard Time Ordinance (Chapter 237)
1535 # The Laws of Seychelles in Force on the 31st December, 1971, Vol. 6, p 571
1536 # https://books.google.com/books?id=efE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA571
1538 # From Tim Parenti (2020-12-05):
1539 # A footnote on https://books.google.com/books?id=DYdDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1689
1540 # confirms that Ordinance No. 9 of 1906 "was brought into force on the 1st
1543 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1907 Jan 1 # Victoria
1545 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1546 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1547 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1548 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
1549 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1550 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1554 Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
1558 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
1561 # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
1562 # The following information about them is taken from
1563 # Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
1564 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
1565 # We have no info about their time zone histories.
1567 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
1568 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
1569 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
1570 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited
1571 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
1574 # Also see Pacific/Pohnpei and commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'.
1576 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
1577 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1578 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
1579 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
1580 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11
1581 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1582 Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
1584 10:00 - +10 1914 Oct
1585 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
1586 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
1589 Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Truk
1590 Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Yap
1592 # Phoenix Islands, Kiribati
1593 # From Paul Eggert (2021-05-27):
1594 # Enderbury was inhabited 1860/1880s to mine guano, and 1938-03-06/1942-02-09
1595 # for aviation (ostensibly commercial, but military uses foreseen).
1596 # The 19th-century dates are approximate. See Pacific/Kanton for
1597 # the currently-inhabited representative for this timezone.
1598 Zone Pacific/Enderbury 0 - -00 1860
1599 -11:24:20 - LMT 1885
1601 -12:00 - -12 1942 Feb 9
1605 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
1609 Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
1612 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
1613 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
1614 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
1616 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
1617 9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30
1618 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
1623 # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
1624 # [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
1625 # published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
1626 # reproduced a Pan American Airways timetable from 1936, for their weekly
1627 # "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
1628 # flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone
1629 # designations that I've never seen before:....
1630 # Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
1631 # " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A "
1633 Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
1634 -11:00 - -11 1956 Jun 3
1635 -11:00 1:00 -10 1956 Sep 2
1639 # Also see Pacific/Chuuk and commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'.
1640 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia
1642 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
1643 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
1645 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
1648 Link Pacific/Pohnpei Pacific/Ponape
1651 Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
1654 10:00 - +10 2000 Dec 23
1655 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
1660 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
1661 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
1663 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
1664 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
1665 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
1666 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
1667 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
1670 # https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm
1672 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1673 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
1675 # Also see commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'.
1676 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
1681 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
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