sbin/ping/ping.c

   1 /*-
   2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
   5  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   6  *
   7  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
   8  * Mike Muuss.
   9  *
  10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  12  * are met:
  13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  18  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  19  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  20  *    without specific prior written permission.
  21  *
  22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  23  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  24  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  25  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  26  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  27  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  28  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  29  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  30  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  31  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  32  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  33  */
  34
  35 #if 0
  36 #ifndef lint
  37 static const char copyright[] =
  38 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
  39         The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
  40 #endif /* not lint */
  41
  42 #ifndef lint
  43 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c      8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
  44 #endif /* not lint */
  45 #endif
  46 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
  47 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
  48
  49 /*
  50  *                      P I N G . C
  51  *
  52  * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
  53  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
  54  *
  55  * Author -
  56  *      Mike Muuss
  57  *      U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
  58  *      December, 1983
  59  *
  60  * Status -
  61  *      Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
  62  * Bugs -
  63  *      More statistics could always be gathered.
  64  *      This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
  65  */
  66
  67 #include <sys/param.h>          /* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
  68 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
  69 #include <sys/socket.h>
  70 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
  71 #include <sys/time.h>
  72 #include <sys/uio.h>
  73
  74 #include <netinet/in.h>
  75 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
  76 #include <netinet/ip.h>
  77 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
  78 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
  79 #include <arpa/inet.h>
  80
  81 #include <libcasper.h>
  82 #include <casper/cap_dns.h>
  83
  84 #ifdef IPSEC
  85 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
  86 #endif /*IPSEC*/
  87
  88 #include <capsicum_helpers.h>
  89 #include <ctype.h>
  90 #include <err.h>
  91 #include <errno.h>
  92 #include <math.h>
  93 #include <netdb.h>
  94 #include <signal.h>
  95 #include <stdio.h>
  96 #include <stdlib.h>
  97 #include <string.h>
  98 #include <sysexits.h>
  99 #include <time.h>
 100 #include <unistd.h>
 101
 102 #define INADDR_LEN      ((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
 103 #define TIMEVAL_LEN     ((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
 104 #define MASK_LEN        (ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
 105 #define TS_LEN          (ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
 106 #define DEFDATALEN      56              /* default data length */
 107 #define FLOOD_BACKOFF   20000           /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
 108                                         /* runs out of buffer space */
 109 #define MAXIPLEN        (sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
 110 #define MAXICMPLEN      (ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
 111 #define MAXWAIT         10000           /* max ms to wait for response */
 112 #define MAXALARM        (60 * 60)       /* max seconds for alarm timeout */
 113 #define MAXTOS          255
 114
 115 #define A(bit)          rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]      /* identify byte in array */
 116 #define B(bit)          (1 << ((bit) & 0x07))   /* identify bit in byte */
 117 #define SET(bit)        (A(bit) |= B(bit))
 118 #define CLR(bit)        (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
 119 #define TST(bit)        (A(bit) & B(bit))
 120
 121 struct tv32 {
 122         int32_t tv32_sec;
 123         int32_t tv32_nsec;
 124 };
 125
 126 /* various options */
 127 static int options;
 128 #define F_FLOOD         0x0001
 129 #define F_INTERVAL      0x0002
 130 #define F_NUMERIC       0x0004
 131 #define F_PINGFILLED    0x0008
 132 #define F_QUIET         0x0010
 133 #define F_RROUTE        0x0020
 134 #define F_SO_DEBUG      0x0040
 135 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE  0x0080
 136 #define F_VERBOSE       0x0100
 137 #define F_QUIET2        0x0200
 138 #define F_NOLOOP        0x0400
 139 #define F_MTTL          0x0800
 140 #define F_MIF           0x1000
 141 #define F_AUDIBLE       0x2000
 142 #ifdef IPSEC
 143 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 144 #define F_POLICY        0x4000
 145 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 146 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 147 #define F_TTL           0x8000
 148 #define F_MISSED        0x10000
 149 #define F_ONCE          0x20000
 150 #define F_HDRINCL       0x40000
 151 #define F_MASK          0x80000
 152 #define F_TIME          0x100000
 153 #define F_SWEEP         0x200000
 154 #define F_WAITTIME      0x400000
 155
 156 /*
 157  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
 158  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
 159  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
 160  */
 161 #define MAX_DUP_CHK     (8 * 128)
 162 static int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
 163 static char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
 164
 165 static struct sockaddr_in whereto;      /* who to ping */
 166 static int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
 167 static int maxpayload;
 168 static int ssend;               /* send socket file descriptor */
 169 static int srecv;               /* receive socket file descriptor */
 170 static u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
 171 static char BBELL = '\a';       /* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
 172 static char BSPACE = '\b';      /* characters written for flood */
 173 static char DOT = '.';
 174 static char *hostname;
 175 static char *shostname;
 176 static int ident;               /* process id to identify our packets */
 177 static int uid;                 /* cached uid for micro-optimization */
 178 static u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
 179 static u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
 180 static int phdr_len = 0;
 181 static int send_len;
 182
 183 /* counters */
 184 static long nmissedmax;         /* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
 185 static long npackets;           /* max packets to transmit */
 186 static long nreceived;          /* # of packets we got back */
 187 static long nrepeats;           /* number of duplicates */
 188 static long ntransmitted;       /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
 189 static long snpackets;                  /* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
 190 static long sntransmitted;      /* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
 191 static int sweepmax;            /* max value of payload in sweep */
 192 static int sweepmin = 0;        /* start value of payload in sweep */
 193 static int sweepincr = 1;       /* payload increment in sweep */
 194 static int interval = 1000;     /* interval between packets, ms */
 195 static int waittime = MAXWAIT;  /* timeout for each packet */
 196 static long nrcvtimeout = 0;    /* # of packets we got back after waittime */
 197
 198 /* timing */
 199 static int timing;              /* flag to do timing */
 200 static double tmin = 999999999.0;       /* minimum round trip time */
 201 static double tmax = 0.0;       /* maximum round trip time */
 202 static double tsum = 0.0;       /* sum of all times, for doing average */
 203 static double tsumsq = 0.0;     /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
 204
 205 /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
 206 static volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;
 207 static volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
 208
 209 static cap_channel_t *capdns;
 210
 211 static void fill(char *, char *);
 212 static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int);
 213 static cap_channel_t *capdns_setup(void);
 214 static void check_status(void);
 215 static void finish(void) __dead2;
 216 static void pinger(void);
 217 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
 218 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
 219 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
 220 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
 221 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timespec *);
 222 static void pr_retip(struct ip *);
 223 static void status(int);
 224 static void stopit(int);
 225 static void usage(void) __dead2;
 226
 227 int
 228 main(int argc, char *const *argv)
 229 {
 230         struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
 231         struct in_addr ifaddr;
 232         struct timespec last, intvl;
 233         struct iovec iov;
 234         struct ip *ip;
 235         struct msghdr msg;
 236         struct sigaction si_sa;
 237         size_t sz;
 238         u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
 239         char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
 240         struct hostent *hp;
 241 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 242         char *policy_in, *policy_out;
 243 #endif
 244         struct sockaddr_in *to;
 245         double t;
 246         u_long alarmtimeout;
 247         long ltmp;
 248         int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload;
 249         int ssend_errno, srecv_errno, tos, ttl;
 250         char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timespec))];
 251         char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
 252 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 253         char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];      /* record route space */
 254 #endif
 255         unsigned char loop, mttl;
 256
 257         payload = source = NULL;
 258 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 259         policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
 260 #endif
 261         cap_rights_t rights;
 262
 263         /*
 264          * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
 265          * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
 266          * after arg parsing.
 267          *
 268          * Historicaly ping was using one socket 's' for sending and for
 269          * receiving. After capsicum(4) related changes we use two
 270          * sockets. It was done for special ping use case - when user
 271          * issue ping on multicast or broadcast address replies come
 272          * from different addresses, not from the address we
 273          * connect(2)'ed to, and send socket do not receive those
 274          * packets.
 275          */
 276         ssend = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
 277         ssend_errno = errno;
 278         srecv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
 279         srecv_errno = errno;
 280
 281         if (setuid(getuid()) != 0)
 282                 err(EX_NOPERM, "setuid() failed");
 283         uid = getuid();
 284
 285         if (ssend < 0) {
 286                 errno = ssend_errno;
 287                 err(EX_OSERR, "ssend socket");
 288         }
 289
 290         if (srecv < 0) {
 291                 errno = srecv_errno;
 292                 err(EX_OSERR, "srecv socket");
 293         }
 294
 295         alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = 0;
 296
 297         outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
 298         while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
 299                 "Aac:DdfG:g:h:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:"
 300 #ifdef IPSEC
 301 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 302                 "P:"
 303 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 304 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 305                 )) != -1)
 306         {
 307                 switch(ch) {
 308                 case 'A':
 309                         options |= F_MISSED;
 310                         break;
 311                 case 'a':
 312                         options |= F_AUDIBLE;
 313                         break;
 314                 case 'c':
 315                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 316                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
 317                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 318                                     "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
 319                                     optarg);
 320                         npackets = ltmp;
 321                         break;
 322                 case 'D':
 323                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 324                         df = 1;
 325                         break;
 326                 case 'd':
 327                         options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
 328                         break;
 329                 case 'f':
 330                         if (uid) {
 331                                 errno = EPERM;
 332                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
 333                         }
 334                         options |= F_FLOOD;
 335                         setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
 336                         break;
 337                 case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
 338                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 339                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
 340                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 341                                     optarg);
 342                         if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 343                                 errno = EPERM;
 344                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 345                                     "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
 346                                     ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
 347                         }
 348                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 349                         sweepmax = ltmp;
 350                         break;
 351                 case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
 352                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 353                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
 354                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 355                                     optarg);
 356                         if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 357                                 errno = EPERM;
 358                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 359                                     "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
 360                                     ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
 361                         }
 362                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 363                         sweepmin = ltmp;
 364                         break;
 365                 case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
 366                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 367                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp < 1)
 368                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid increment size: `%s'",
 369                                     optarg);
 370                         if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 371                                 errno = EPERM;
 372                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 373                                     "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
 374                                     ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
 375                         }
 376                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 377                         sweepincr = ltmp;
 378                         break;
 379                 case 'I':               /* multicast interface */
 380                         if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
 381                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 382                                     "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
 383                                     optarg);
 384                         options |= F_MIF;
 385                         break;
 386                 case 'i':               /* wait between sending packets */
 387                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
 388                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 389                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 390                                     optarg);
 391                         options |= F_INTERVAL;
 392                         interval = (int)t;
 393                         if (uid && interval < 1000) {
 394                                 errno = EPERM;
 395                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
 396                         }
 397                         break;
 398                 case 'L':
 399                         options |= F_NOLOOP;
 400                         loop = 0;
 401                         break;
 402                 case 'l':
 403                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 404                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > INT_MAX || ltmp < 0)
 405                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 406                                     "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
 407                         if (uid) {
 408                                 errno = EPERM;
 409                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
 410                         }
 411                         preload = ltmp;
 412                         break;
 413                 case 'M':
 414                         switch(optarg[0]) {
 415                         case 'M':
 416                         case 'm':
 417                                 options |= F_MASK;
 418                                 break;
 419                         case 'T':
 420                         case 't':
 421                                 options |= F_TIME;
 422                                 break;
 423                         default:
 424                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
 425                                 break;
 426                         }
 427                         break;
 428                 case 'm':               /* TTL */
 429                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 430                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTTL || ltmp < 0)
 431                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
 432                         ttl = ltmp;
 433                         options |= F_TTL;
 434                         break;
 435                 case 'n':
 436                         options |= F_NUMERIC;
 437                         break;
 438                 case 'o':
 439                         options |= F_ONCE;
 440                         break;
 441 #ifdef IPSEC
 442 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 443                 case 'P':
 444                         options |= F_POLICY;
 445                         if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
 446                                 policy_in = strdup(optarg);
 447                         else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
 448                                 policy_out = strdup(optarg);
 449                         else
 450                                 errx(1, "invalid security policy");
 451                         break;
 452 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 453 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 454                 case 'p':               /* fill buffer with user pattern */
 455                         options |= F_PINGFILLED;
 456                         payload = optarg;
 457                         break;
 458                 case 'Q':
 459                         options |= F_QUIET2;
 460                         break;
 461                 case 'q':
 462                         options |= F_QUIET;
 463                         break;
 464                 case 'R':
 465                         options |= F_RROUTE;
 466                         break;
 467                 case 'r':
 468                         options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
 469                         break;
 470                 case 'S':
 471                         source = optarg;
 472                         break;
 473                 case 's':               /* size of packet to send */
 474                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 475                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp < 0)
 476                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 477                                     optarg);
 478                         if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 479                                 errno = EPERM;
 480                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 481                                     "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
 482                                     ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
 483                         }
 484                         datalen = ltmp;
 485                         break;
 486                 case 'T':               /* multicast TTL */
 487                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 488                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTTL || ltmp < 0)
 489                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
 490                                     optarg);
 491                         mttl = ltmp;
 492                         options |= F_MTTL;
 493                         break;
 494                 case 't':
 495                         alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 496                         if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
 497                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
 498                                     optarg);
 499                         if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
 500                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
 501                                     optarg, MAXALARM);
 502                         alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
 503                         break;
 504                 case 'v':
 505                         options |= F_VERBOSE;
 506                         break;
 507                 case 'W':               /* wait ms for answer */
 508                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
 509                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 510                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 511                                     optarg);
 512                         options |= F_WAITTIME;
 513                         waittime = (int)t;
 514                         break;
 515                 case 'z':
 516                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 517                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 518                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTOS || ltmp < 0)
 519                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
 520                         tos = ltmp;
 521                         break;
 522                 default:
 523                         usage();
 524                 }
 525         }
 526
 527         if (argc - optind != 1)
 528                 usage();
 529         target = argv[optind];
 530
 531         switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
 532         case 0: break;
 533         case F_MASK:
 534                 icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
 535                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
 536                 phdr_len = MASK_LEN;
 537                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 538                         (void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
 539                 break;
 540         case F_TIME:
 541                 icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
 542                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
 543                 phdr_len = TS_LEN;
 544                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 545                         (void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
 546                 break;
 547         default:
 548                 errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
 549                 break;
 550         }
 551         icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
 552         if (options & F_RROUTE)
 553                 icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
 554         maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
 555         if (datalen > maxpayload)
 556                 errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
 557                     maxpayload);
 558         send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 559         datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
 560         if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
 561                 fill((char *)datap, payload);
 562         }
 563         capdns = capdns_setup();
 564         if (source) {
 565                 bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
 566                 sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
 567                 if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
 568                         shostname = source;
 569                 } else {
 570                         hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, source, AF_INET);
 571                         if (!hp)
 572                                 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 573                                     source, hstrerror(h_errno));
 574
 575                         sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
 576                         if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
 577                             hp->h_length < 0)
 578                                 errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
 579                         memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
 580                             sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
 581                         (void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
 582                             sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
 583                         snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 584                         shostname = snamebuf;
 585                 }
 586                 if (bind(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) ==
 587                     -1)
 588                         err(1, "bind");
 589         }
 590
 591         bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
 592         to = &whereto;
 593         to->sin_family = AF_INET;
 594         to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
 595         if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
 596                 hostname = target;
 597         } else {
 598                 hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, target, AF_INET);
 599                 if (!hp)
 600                         errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 601                             target, hstrerror(h_errno));
 602
 603                 if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
 604                         errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
 605                 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
 606                 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
 607                 hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 608                 hostname = hnamebuf;
 609         }
 610
 611         /* From now on we will use only reverse DNS lookups. */
 612         if (capdns != NULL) {
 613                 const char *types[1];
 614
 615                 types[0] = "ADDR2NAME";
 616                 if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdns, types, 1) < 0)
 617                         err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
 618         }
 619
 620         if (connect(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto, sizeof(whereto)) != 0)
 621                 err(1, "connect");
 622
 623         if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
 624                 errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
 625
 626         if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 627                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 628                     "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
 629         if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
 630             && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 631                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 632                     "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
 633
 634         if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN)     /* can we time transfer */
 635                 timing = 1;
 636
 637         if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
 638                 for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
 639                         *datap++ = i;
 640
 641         ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
 642
 643         hold = 1;
 644         if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) {
 645                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
 646                     sizeof(hold));
 647                 (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
 648                     sizeof(hold));
 649         }
 650         if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
 651                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
 652                     sizeof(hold));
 653 #ifdef IPSEC
 654 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 655         if (options & F_POLICY) {
 656                 char *buf;
 657                 if (policy_in != NULL) {
 658                         buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
 659                         if (buf == NULL)
 660                                 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
 661                         if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
 662                                         buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
 663                                 err(EX_CONFIG,
 664                                     "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
 665                         free(buf);
 666                 }
 667
 668                 if (policy_out != NULL) {
 669                         buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
 670                         if (buf == NULL)
 671                                 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
 672                         if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
 673                                         buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
 674                                 err(EX_CONFIG,
 675                                     "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
 676                         free(buf);
 677                 }
 678         }
 679 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 680 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 681
 682         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
 683                 ip = (struct ip*)outpackhdr;
 684                 if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
 685                         mib[0] = CTL_NET;
 686                         mib[1] = PF_INET;
 687                         mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
 688                         mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
 689                         sz = sizeof(ttl);
 690                         if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
 691                                 err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
 692                 }
 693                 setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
 694                 ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
 695                 ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
 696                 ip->ip_tos = tos;
 697                 ip->ip_id = 0;
 698                 ip->ip_off = htons(df ? IP_DF : 0);
 699                 ip->ip_ttl = ttl;
 700                 ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
 701                 ip->ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
 702                 ip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
 703         }
 704
 705         /*
 706          * Here we enter capability mode. Further down access to global
 707          * namespaces (e.g filesystem) is restricted (see capsicum(4)).
 708          * We must connect(2) our socket before this point.
 709          */
 710         caph_cache_catpages();
 711         if (caph_enter_casper() < 0)
 712                 err(1, "cap_enter");
 713
 714         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
 715         if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0)
 716                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv");
 717         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
 718         if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0)
 719                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend");
 720
 721         /* record route option */
 722         if (options & F_RROUTE) {
 723 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 724                 bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
 725                 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
 726                 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
 727                 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
 728                 rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
 729                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
 730                     sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
 731                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
 732 #else
 733                 errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
 734                     "record route not available in this implementation");
 735 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
 736         }
 737
 738         if (options & F_TTL) {
 739                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
 740                     sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
 741                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
 742                 }
 743         }
 744         if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
 745                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
 746                     sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
 747                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
 748                 }
 749         }
 750         if (options & F_MTTL) {
 751                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
 752                     sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
 753                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
 754                 }
 755         }
 756         if (options & F_MIF) {
 757                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
 758                     sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
 759                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
 760                 }
 761         }
 762 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 763         { int on = 1;
 764         if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
 765                 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
 766         }
 767 #endif
 768         if (sweepmax) {
 769                 if (sweepmin > sweepmax)
 770                         errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum packet size must be no less than the minimum packet size");
 771
 772                 if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
 773                         errx(EX_USAGE, "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
 774
 775                 if (npackets > 0) {
 776                         snpackets = npackets;
 777                         npackets = 0;
 778                 } else
 779                         snpackets = 1;
 780                 datalen = sweepmin;
 781                 send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
 782         }
 783         if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
 784                 errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
 785
 786         /*
 787          * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
 788          * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
 789          * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
 790          * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
 791          * or multicast pings if they wish.
 792          */
 793
 794         /*
 795          * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
 796          * as well.
 797          */
 798         hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
 799         (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
 800             sizeof(hold));
 801         /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
 802         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT);
 803         if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0)
 804                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv setsockopt");
 805         if (uid == 0)
 806                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
 807                     sizeof(hold));
 808         /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
 809         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND);
 810         if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0)
 811                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend setsockopt");
 812
 813         if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
 814                 (void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
 815                     inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
 816                 if (source)
 817                         (void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
 818                 if (sweepmax)
 819                         (void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 820                             sweepmin, sweepmax);
 821                 else
 822                         (void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
 823
 824         } else {
 825                 if (sweepmax)
 826                         (void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 827                             hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
 828                 else
 829                         (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
 830         }
 831
 832         /*
 833          * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
 834          * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
 835          */
 836
 837         sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
 838         si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
 839
 840         si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 841         if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 842                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
 843         }
 844
 845         si_sa.sa_handler = status;
 846         if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 847                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
 848         }
 849
 850         if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
 851                 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 852                 if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
 853                         err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
 854         }
 855
 856         bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
 857         msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
 858         msg.msg_iov = &iov;
 859         msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
 860 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 861         msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
 862 #endif
 863         iov.iov_base = packet;
 864         iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
 865
 866         if (preload == 0)
 867                 pinger();               /* send the first ping */
 868         else {
 869                 if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
 870                         preload = npackets;
 871                 while (preload--)       /* fire off them quickies */
 872                         pinger();
 873         }
 874         (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
 875
 876         if (options & F_FLOOD) {
 877                 intvl.tv_sec = 0;
 878                 intvl.tv_nsec = 10000000;
 879         } else {
 880                 intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
 881                 intvl.tv_nsec = interval % 1000 * 1000000;
 882         }
 883
 884         almost_done = 0;
 885         while (!finish_up) {
 886                 struct timespec now, timeout;
 887                 fd_set rfds;
 888                 int cc, n;
 889
 890                 check_status();
 891                 if ((unsigned)srecv >= FD_SETSIZE)
 892                         errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
 893                 FD_ZERO(&rfds);
 894                 FD_SET(srecv, &rfds);
 895                 (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
 896                 timespecadd(&last, &intvl, &timeout);
 897                 timespecsub(&timeout, &now, &timeout);
 898                 if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
 899                         timespecclear(&timeout);
 900                 n = pselect(srecv + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout, NULL);
 901                 if (n < 0)
 902                         continue;       /* Must be EINTR. */
 903                 if (n == 1) {
 904                         struct timespec *tv = NULL;
 905 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 906                         struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl;
 907
 908                         msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
 909 #endif
 910                         msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
 911                         if ((cc = recvmsg(srecv, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
 912                                 if (errno == EINTR)
 913                                         continue;
 914                                 warn("recvmsg");
 915                                 continue;
 916                         }
 917 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 918                         if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
 919                             cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
 920                             cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
 921                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
 922                                 memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
 923                                 tv = &now;
 924                         }
 925 #endif
 926                         if (tv == NULL) {
 927                                 (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
 928                                 tv = &now;
 929                         }
 930                         pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
 931                         if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
 932                             (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
 933                                 break;
 934                 }
 935                 if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
 936                         if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
 937                                 for (i = 0; i < sweepincr ; ++i)
 938                                         *datap++ = i;
 939                                 datalen += sweepincr;
 940                                 if (datalen > sweepmax)
 941                                         break;
 942                                 send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 943                                 sntransmitted = 0;
 944                         }
 945                         if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
 946                                 pinger();
 947                         else {
 948                                 if (almost_done)
 949                                         break;
 950                                 almost_done = 1;
 951                                 intvl.tv_nsec = 0;
 952                                 if (nreceived) {
 953                                         intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
 954                                         if (!intvl.tv_sec)
 955                                                 intvl.tv_sec = 1;
 956                                 } else {
 957                                         intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
 958                                         intvl.tv_nsec = waittime % 1000 * 1000000;
 959                                 }
 960                         }
 961                         (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
 962                         if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
 963                                 nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
 964                                 if (options & F_MISSED)
 965                                         (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
 966                         }
 967                 }
 968         }
 969         finish();
 970         /* NOTREACHED */
 971         exit(0);        /* Make the compiler happy */
 972 }
 973
 974 /*
 975  * stopit --
 976  *      Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
 977  * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
 978  * to be called from a signal handler.
 979  */
 980 void
 981 stopit(int sig __unused)
 982 {
 983
 984         /*
 985          * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
 986          * be noticed for a while.  Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
 987          */
 988         if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
 989                 _exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
 990         finish_up = 1;
 991 }
 992
 993 /*
 994  * pinger --
 995  *      Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
 996  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
 997  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first TIMEVAL_LEN
 998  * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timespec" struct in
 999  * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
1000  */
1001 static void
1002 pinger(void)
1003 {
1004         struct timespec now;
1005         struct tv32 tv32;
1006         struct ip *ip;
1007         struct icmp *icp;
1008         int cc, i;
1009         u_char *packet;
1010
1011         packet = outpack;
1012         icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
1013         icp->icmp_type = icmp_type;
1014         icp->icmp_code = 0;
1015         icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
1016         icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
1017         icp->icmp_id = ident;                   /* ID */
1018
1019         CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
1020
1021         if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
1022                 (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
1023                 /*
1024                  * Truncate seconds down to 32 bits in order
1025                  * to fit the timestamp within 8 bytes of the
1026                  * packet. We're only concerned with
1027                  * durations, not absolute times.
1028                  */
1029                 tv32.tv32_sec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_sec);
1030                 tv32.tv32_nsec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_nsec);
1031                 if (options & F_TIME)
1032                         icp->icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
1033                                 * 1000 + now.tv_nsec / 1000000);
1034                 if (timing)
1035                         bcopy((void *)&tv32,
1036                             (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
1037                             sizeof(tv32));
1038         }
1039
1040         cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
1041
1042         /* compute ICMP checksum here */
1043         icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
1044
1045         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
1046                 cc += sizeof(struct ip);
1047                 ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr;
1048                 ip->ip_len = htons(cc);
1049                 ip->ip_sum = in_cksum((u_short *)outpackhdr, cc);
1050                 packet = outpackhdr;
1051         }
1052         i = send(ssend, (char *)packet, cc, 0);
1053         if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
1054                 if (i < 0) {
1055                         if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
1056                                 usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
1057                                 return;
1058                         }
1059                         warn("sendto");
1060                 } else {
1061                         warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
1062                              hostname, i, cc);
1063                 }
1064         }
1065         ntransmitted++;
1066         sntransmitted++;
1067         if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1068                 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1069 }
1070
1071 /*
1072  * pr_pack --
1073  *      Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1074  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1075  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1076  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1077  */
1078 static void
1079 pr_pack(char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timespec *tv)
1080 {
1081         struct in_addr ina;
1082         u_char *cp, *dp;
1083         struct icmp *icp;
1084         struct ip *ip;
1085         const void *tp;
1086         double triptime;
1087         int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len;
1088         uint16_t seq;
1089         static int old_rrlen;
1090         static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1091
1092         /* Check the IP header */
1093         ip = (struct ip *)buf;
1094         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1095         recv_len = cc;
1096         if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1097                 if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1098                         warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
1099                              inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1100                 return;
1101         }
1102
1103         /* Now the ICMP part */
1104         cc -= hlen;
1105         icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
1106         if (icp->icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1107                 if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
1108                         return;                 /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1109                 ++nreceived;
1110                 triptime = 0.0;
1111                 if (timing) {
1112                         struct timespec tv1;
1113                         struct tv32 tv32;
1114 #ifndef icmp_data
1115                         tp = &icp->icmp_ip;
1116 #else
1117                         tp = icp->icmp_data;
1118 #endif
1119                         tp = (const char *)tp + phdr_len;
1120
1121                         if ((size_t)(cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len) >=
1122                             sizeof(tv1)) {
1123                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1124                                 memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1125                                 tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1126                                 tv1.tv_nsec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_nsec);
1127                                 timespecsub(tv, &tv1, tv);
1128                                 triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1129                                     ((double)tv->tv_nsec) / 1000000.0;
1130                                 tsum += triptime;
1131                                 tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1132                                 if (triptime < tmin)
1133                                         tmin = triptime;
1134                                 if (triptime > tmax)
1135                                         tmax = triptime;
1136                         } else
1137                                 timing = 0;
1138                 }
1139
1140                 seq = ntohs(icp->icmp_seq);
1141
1142                 if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1143                         ++nrepeats;
1144                         --nreceived;
1145                         dupflag = 1;
1146                 } else {
1147                         SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1148                         dupflag = 0;
1149                 }
1150
1151                 if (options & F_QUIET)
1152                         return;
1153
1154                 if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1155                         ++nrcvtimeout;
1156                         return;
1157                 }
1158
1159                 if (options & F_FLOOD)
1160                         (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1161                 else {
1162                         (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1163                            inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
1164                            seq);
1165                         (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
1166                         if (timing)
1167                                 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1168                         if (dupflag)
1169                                 (void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1170                         if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1171                                 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1172                         if (options & F_MASK) {
1173                                 /* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1174                                 (void)printf(" mask=%s",
1175                                         inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp->icmp_mask)));
1176                         }
1177                         if (options & F_TIME) {
1178                                 (void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_otime));
1179                                 (void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_rtime));
1180                                 (void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_ttime));
1181                         }
1182                         if (recv_len != send_len) {
1183                                 (void)printf(
1184                                      "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1185                                      recv_len, send_len);
1186                         }
1187                         /* check the data */
1188                         cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[phdr_len];
1189                         dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1190                         cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1191                         i = 0;
1192                         if (timing) {   /* don't check variable timestamp */
1193                                 cp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1194                                 dp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1195                                 cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN;
1196                                 i += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1197                         }
1198                         for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1199                                 if (*cp != *dp) {
1200         (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1201             i, *dp, *cp);
1202                                         (void)printf("\ncp:");
1203                                         cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
1204                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1205                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1206                                                         (void)printf("\n\t");
1207                                                 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1208                                         }
1209                                         (void)printf("\ndp:");
1210                                         cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1211                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1212                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1213                                                         (void)printf("\n\t");
1214                                                 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1215                                         }
1216                                         break;
1217                                 }
1218                         }
1219                 }
1220         } else {
1221                 /*
1222                  * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1223                  * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1224                  * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1225                  * and ICMP type and ID.
1226                  *
1227                  * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1228                  * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1229                  * available to those not running as root.
1230                  */
1231 #ifndef icmp_data
1232                 struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip;
1233 #else
1234                 struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data;
1235 #endif
1236                 struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1);
1237
1238                 if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1239                     (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1240                      (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1241                      (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1242                      (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1243                      (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) {
1244                     (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
1245                         pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1246                     pr_icmph(icp);
1247                 } else
1248                     return;
1249         }
1250
1251         /* Display any IP options */
1252         cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1253
1254         for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1255                 switch (*cp) {
1256                 case IPOPT_EOL:
1257                         hlen = 0;
1258                         break;
1259                 case IPOPT_LSRR:
1260                 case IPOPT_SSRR:
1261                         (void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1262                             "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1263                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1264                         hlen -= 2;
1265                         cp += 2;
1266                         if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1267                             j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1268                                 for (;;) {
1269                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1270                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1271                                                 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1272                                         else
1273                                                 (void)printf("\t%s",
1274                                                      pr_addr(ina));
1275                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1276                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1277                                         j -= INADDR_LEN;
1278                                         if (j < INADDR_LEN)
1279                                                 break;
1280                                         (void)putchar('\n');
1281                                 }
1282                         } else
1283                                 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1284                         break;
1285                 case IPOPT_RR:
1286                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];             /* get length */
1287                         i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];           /* and pointer */
1288                         hlen -= 2;
1289                         cp += 2;
1290                         if (i > j)
1291                                 i = j;
1292                         i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1293                         if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1294                                 old_rrlen = 0;
1295                                 continue;
1296                         }
1297                         if (i == old_rrlen
1298                             && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1299                             && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1300                                 (void)printf("\t(same route)");
1301                                 hlen -= i;
1302                                 cp += i;
1303                                 break;
1304                         }
1305                         old_rrlen = i;
1306                         bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1307                         (void)printf("\nRR: ");
1308                         if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1309                             i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1310                                 for (;;) {
1311                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1312                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1313                                                 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1314                                         else
1315                                                 (void)printf("\t%s",
1316                                                      pr_addr(ina));
1317                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1318                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1319                                         i -= INADDR_LEN;
1320                                         if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1321                                                 break;
1322                                         (void)putchar('\n');
1323                                 }
1324                         } else
1325                                 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1326                         break;
1327                 case IPOPT_NOP:
1328                         (void)printf("\nNOP");
1329                         break;
1330                 default:
1331                         (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1332                         break;
1333                 }
1334         if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1335                 (void)putchar('\n');
1336                 (void)fflush(stdout);
1337         }
1338 }
1339
1340 /*
1341  * in_cksum --
1342  *      Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
1343  */
1344 u_short
1345 in_cksum(u_short *addr, int len)
1346 {
1347         int nleft, sum;
1348         u_short *w;
1349         union {
1350                 u_short us;
1351                 u_char  uc[2];
1352         } last;
1353         u_short answer;
1354
1355         nleft = len;
1356         sum = 0;
1357         w = addr;
1358
1359         /*
1360          * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
1361          * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
1362          * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
1363          */
1364         while (nleft > 1)  {
1365                 sum += *w++;
1366                 nleft -= 2;
1367         }
1368
1369         /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
1370         if (nleft == 1) {
1371                 last.uc[0] = *(u_char *)w;
1372                 last.uc[1] = 0;
1373                 sum += last.us;
1374         }
1375
1376         /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
1377         sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);     /* add hi 16 to low 16 */
1378         sum += (sum >> 16);                     /* add carry */
1379         answer = ~sum;                          /* truncate to 16 bits */
1380         return(answer);
1381 }
1382
1383 /*
1384  * status --
1385  *      Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1386  */
1387
1388 static void
1389 status(int sig __unused)
1390 {
1391
1392         siginfo_p = 1;
1393 }
1394
1395 static void
1396 check_status(void)
1397 {
1398
1399         if (siginfo_p) {
1400                 siginfo_p = 0;
1401                 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1402                     nreceived, ntransmitted,
1403                     ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1404                 if (nreceived && timing)
1405                         (void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1406                             tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1407                 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1408         }
1409 }
1410
1411 /*
1412  * finish --
1413  *      Print out statistics, and give up.
1414  */
1415 static void
1416 finish(void)
1417 {
1418
1419         (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1420         (void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1421         (void)putchar('\n');
1422         (void)fflush(stdout);
1423         (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1424         (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1425         (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1426         if (nrepeats)
1427                 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1428         if (ntransmitted) {
1429                 if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1430                         (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1431                 else
1432                         (void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1433                             ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1434                             ntransmitted);
1435         }
1436         if (nrcvtimeout)
1437                 (void)printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1438         (void)putchar('\n');
1439         if (nreceived && timing) {
1440                 double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1441                 double avg = tsum / n;
1442                 double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1443                 (void)printf(
1444                     "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1445                     tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1446         }
1447
1448         if (nreceived)
1449                 exit(0);
1450         else
1451                 exit(2);
1452 }
1453
1454 #ifdef notdef
1455 static char *ttab[] = {
1456         "Echo Reply",           /* ip + seq + udata */
1457         "Dest Unreachable",     /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1458         "Source Quench",        /* IP */
1459         "Redirect",             /* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1460         "Echo",
1461         "Time Exceeded",        /* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1462         "Parameter Problem",    /* pointer + IP */
1463         "Timestamp",            /* id + seq + three timestamps */
1464         "Timestamp Reply",      /* " */
1465         "Info Request",         /* id + sq */
1466         "Info Reply"            /* " */
1467 };
1468 #endif
1469
1470 /*
1471  * pr_icmph --
1472  *      Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1473  */
1474 static void
1475 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp)
1476 {
1477
1478         switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1479         case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1480                 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1481                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1482                 break;
1483         case ICMP_UNREACH:
1484                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1485                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1486                         (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1487                         break;
1488                 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1489                         (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1490                         break;
1491                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1492                         (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1493                         break;
1494                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1495                         (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1496                         break;
1497                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1498                         (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1499                                         ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1500                         break;
1501                 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1502                         (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1503                         break;
1504                 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1505                         (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1506                         break;
1507                 default:
1508                         (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1509                             icp->icmp_code);
1510                         break;
1511                 }
1512                 /* Print returned IP header information */
1513 #ifndef icmp_data
1514                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1515 #else
1516                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1517 #endif
1518                 break;
1519         case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1520                 (void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1521 #ifndef icmp_data
1522                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1523 #else
1524                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1525 #endif
1526                 break;
1527         case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1528                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1529                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1530                         (void)printf("Redirect Network");
1531                         break;
1532                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1533                         (void)printf("Redirect Host");
1534                         break;
1535                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1536                         (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1537                         break;
1538                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1539                         (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1540                         break;
1541                 default:
1542                         (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1543                         break;
1544                 }
1545                 (void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1546 #ifndef icmp_data
1547                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1548 #else
1549                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1550 #endif
1551                 break;
1552         case ICMP_ECHO:
1553                 (void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1554                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1555                 break;
1556         case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1557                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1558                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1559                         (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1560                         break;
1561                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1562                         (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1563                         break;
1564                 default:
1565                         (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1566                             icp->icmp_code);
1567                         break;
1568                 }
1569 #ifndef icmp_data
1570                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1571 #else
1572                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1573 #endif
1574                 break;
1575         case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1576                 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1577                     icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1578 #ifndef icmp_data
1579                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1580 #else
1581                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1582 #endif
1583                 break;
1584         case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1585                 (void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1586                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1587                 break;
1588         case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1589                 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1590                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1591                 break;
1592         case ICMP_IREQ:
1593                 (void)printf("Information Request\n");
1594                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1595                 break;
1596         case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1597                 (void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1598                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1599                 break;
1600         case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1601                 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1602                 break;
1603         case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1604                 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1605                 break;
1606         case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1607                 (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1608                 break;
1609         case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1610                 (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1611                 break;
1612         default:
1613                 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1614         }
1615 }
1616
1617 /*
1618  * pr_iph --
1619  *      Print an IP header with options.
1620  */
1621 static void
1622 pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1623 {
1624         struct in_addr ina;
1625         u_char *cp;
1626         int hlen;
1627
1628         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1629         cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;         /* point to options */
1630
1631         (void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst\n");
1632         (void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1633             ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1634             ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1635         (void)printf("   %1lx %04lx",
1636             (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1637             (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1638         (void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1639                                                             ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1640         memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_src.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1641         (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1642         memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_dst.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1643         (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1644         /* dump any option bytes */
1645         while (hlen-- > 20) {
1646                 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1647         }
1648         (void)putchar('\n');
1649 }
1650
1651 /*
1652  * pr_addr --
1653  *      Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1654  * a hostname.
1655  */
1656 static char *
1657 pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
1658 {
1659         struct hostent *hp;
1660         static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1661
1662         if (options & F_NUMERIC)
1663                 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1664
1665         hp = cap_gethostbyaddr(capdns, (char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1666
1667         if (hp == NULL)
1668                 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1669
1670         (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1671             inet_ntoa(ina));
1672         return(buf);
1673 }
1674
1675 /*
1676  * pr_retip --
1677  *      Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1678  */
1679 static void
1680 pr_retip(struct ip *ip)
1681 {
1682         u_char *cp;
1683         int hlen;
1684
1685         pr_iph(ip);
1686         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1687         cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1688
1689         if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1690                 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1691                     (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1692         else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1693                 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1694                         (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1695 }
1696
1697 static char *
1698 pr_ntime(n_time timestamp)
1699 {
1700         static char buf[10];
1701         int hour, min, sec;
1702
1703         sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1704         hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1705         min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1706         sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1707
1708         (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1709
1710         return (buf);
1711 }
1712
1713 static void
1714 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1715 {
1716         char *cp;
1717         int pat[16];
1718         u_int ii, jj, kk;
1719
1720         for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1721                 if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1722                         errx(EX_USAGE,
1723                             "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1724
1725         }
1726         ii = sscanf(patp,
1727             "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1728             &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1729             &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1730             &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1731
1732         if (ii > 0)
1733                 for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1734                         for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1735                                 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1736         if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1737                 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1738                 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1739                         (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1740                 (void)printf("\n");
1741         }
1742 }
1743
1744 static cap_channel_t *
1745 capdns_setup(void)
1746 {
1747         cap_channel_t *capcas, *capdnsloc;
1748         const char *types[2];
1749         int families[1];
1750
1751         capcas = cap_init();
1752         if (capcas == NULL)
1753                 err(1, "unable to create casper process");
1754         capdnsloc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.dns");
1755         /* Casper capability no longer needed. */
1756         cap_close(capcas);
1757         if (capdnsloc == NULL)
1758                 err(1, "unable to open system.dns service");
1759         types[0] = "NAME2ADDR";
1760         types[1] = "ADDR2NAME";
1761         if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdnsloc, types, 2) < 0)
1762                 err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1763         families[0] = AF_INET;
1764         if (cap_dns_family_limit(capdnsloc, families, 1) < 0)
1765                 err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1766
1767         return (capdnsloc);
1768 }
1769
1770 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
1771 #define SECOPT          " [-P policy]"
1772 #else
1773 #define SECOPT          ""
1774 #endif
1775 static void
1776 usage(void)
1777 {
1778
1779         (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1780 "usage: ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1781 "            [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1782 "           " SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1783 "            [-W waittime] [-z tos] host",
1784 "       ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1785 "            [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]" SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1786 "            [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]",
1787 "            [-z tos] mcast-group");
1788         exit(EX_USAGE);
1789 }