2 * This module derived from code donated to the FreeBSD Project by
3 * Matthew Dillon <dillon@backplane.com>
5 * Copyright (c) 1998 The FreeBSD Project
8 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
18 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
19 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
20 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
21 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
22 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
23 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
24 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
25 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
26 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
30 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
31 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
33 #include <sys/param.h>
36 * LIB/MEMORY/ZALLOC.C - self contained low-overhead memory pool/allocation
39 * This subsystem implements memory pools and memory allocation
42 * Pools are managed via a linked list of 'free' areas. Allocating
43 * memory creates holes in the freelist, freeing memory fills them.
44 * Since the freelist consists only of free memory areas, it is possible
45 * to allocate the entire pool without incuring any structural overhead.
47 * The system works best when allocating similarly-sized chunks of
48 * memory. Care must be taken to avoid fragmentation when
49 * allocating/deallocating dissimilar chunks.
51 * When a memory pool is first allocated, the entire pool is marked as
52 * allocated. This is done mainly because we do not want to modify any
53 * portion of a pool's data area until we are given permission. The
54 * caller must explicitly deallocate portions of the pool to make them
57 * z[n]xalloc() works like z[n]alloc() but the allocation is made from
58 * within the specified address range. If the segment could not be
59 * allocated, NULL is returned. WARNING! The address range will be
60 * aligned to an 8 or 16 byte boundry depending on the cpu so if you
61 * give an unaligned address range, unexpected results may occur.
63 * If a standard allocation fails, the reclaim function will be called
64 * to recover some space. This usually causes other portions of the
65 * same pool to be released. Memory allocations at this low level
66 * should not block but you can do that too in your reclaim function
67 * if you want. Reclaim does not function when z[n]xalloc() is used,
68 * only for z[n]alloc().
70 * Allocation and frees of 0 bytes are valid operations.
73 #include "zalloc_defs.h"
76 * Objects in the pool must be aligned to at least the size of struct MemNode.
77 * They must also be aligned to MALLOCALIGN, which should normally be larger
78 * than the struct, so assert that to be so at compile time.
80 typedef char assert_align[(sizeof(struct MemNode) <= MALLOCALIGN) ? 1 : -1];
82 #define MEMNODE_SIZE_MASK MALLOCALIGN_MASK
85 * znalloc() - allocate memory (without zeroing) from pool. Call reclaim
86 * and retry if appropriate, return NULL if unable to allocate
91 znalloc(MemPool *mp, uintptr_t bytes, size_t align)
97 * align according to pool object size (can be 0). This is
98 * inclusive of the MEMNODE_SIZE_MASK minimum alignment.
101 bytes = (bytes + MEMNODE_SIZE_MASK) & ~MEMNODE_SIZE_MASK;
107 * locate freelist entry big enough to hold the object. If all objects
108 * are the same size, this is a constant-time function.
111 if (bytes > mp->mp_Size - mp->mp_Used)
114 for (pmn = &mp->mp_First; (mn = *pmn) != NULL; pmn = &mn->mr_Next) {
115 char *ptr = (char *)mn;
120 dptr = (uintptr_t)(ptr + MALLOCALIGN); /* pointer to data */
121 aligned = (char *)(roundup2(dptr, align) - MALLOCALIGN);
122 extra = aligned - ptr;
124 if (bytes + extra > mn->mr_Bytes)
128 * Cut extra from head and create new memory node from reminder.
134 new = (MemNode *)aligned;
135 new->mr_Next = mn->mr_Next;
136 new->mr_Bytes = mn->mr_Bytes - extra;
138 /* And update current memory node */
139 mn->mr_Bytes = extra;
141 /* In next iteration, we will get our aligned address */
146 * Cut a chunk of memory out of the beginning of this
147 * block and fixup the link appropriately.
150 if (mn->mr_Bytes == bytes) {
153 mn = (MemNode *)((char *)mn + bytes);
154 mn->mr_Next = ((MemNode *)ptr)->mr_Next;
155 mn->mr_Bytes = ((MemNode *)ptr)->mr_Bytes - bytes;
158 mp->mp_Used += bytes;
163 * Memory pool is full, return NULL.
170 * zfree() - free previously allocated memory
174 zfree(MemPool *mp, void *ptr, uintptr_t bytes)
180 * align according to pool object size (can be 0). This is
181 * inclusive of the MEMNODE_SIZE_MASK minimum alignment.
183 bytes = (bytes + MEMNODE_SIZE_MASK) & ~MEMNODE_SIZE_MASK;
189 * panic if illegal pointer
192 if ((char *)ptr < (char *)mp->mp_Base ||
193 (char *)ptr + bytes > (char *)mp->mp_End ||
194 ((uintptr_t)ptr & MEMNODE_SIZE_MASK) != 0)
195 panic("zfree(%p,%ju): wild pointer", ptr, (uintmax_t)bytes);
200 mp->mp_Used -= bytes;
202 for (pmn = &mp->mp_First; (mn = *pmn) != NULL; pmn = &mn->mr_Next) {
204 * If area between last node and current node
206 * - check merge with next area
207 * - check merge with previous area
209 if ((char *)ptr <= (char *)mn) {
213 if ((char *)ptr + bytes > (char *)mn) {
214 panic("zfree(%p,%ju): corrupt memlist1", ptr,
219 * merge against next area or create independant area
222 if ((char *)ptr + bytes == (char *)mn) {
223 ((MemNode *)ptr)->mr_Next = mn->mr_Next;
224 ((MemNode *)ptr)->mr_Bytes =
225 bytes + mn->mr_Bytes;
227 ((MemNode *)ptr)->mr_Next = mn;
228 ((MemNode *)ptr)->mr_Bytes = bytes;
230 *pmn = mn = (MemNode *)ptr;
233 * merge against previous area (if there is a previous
237 if (pmn != &mp->mp_First) {
238 if ((char *)pmn + ((MemNode*)pmn)->mr_Bytes ==
240 ((MemNode *)pmn)->mr_Next = mn->mr_Next;
241 ((MemNode *)pmn)->mr_Bytes +=
248 if ((char *)ptr < (char *)mn + mn->mr_Bytes) {
249 panic("zfree(%p,%ju): corrupt memlist2", ptr,
254 * We are beyond the last MemNode, append new MemNode. Merge against
255 * previous area if possible.
257 if (pmn == &mp->mp_First ||
258 (char *)pmn + ((MemNode *)pmn)->mr_Bytes != (char *)ptr) {
259 ((MemNode *)ptr)->mr_Next = NULL;
260 ((MemNode *)ptr)->mr_Bytes = bytes;
261 *pmn = (MemNode *)ptr;
264 ((MemNode *)pmn)->mr_Bytes += bytes;
270 * zextendPool() - extend memory pool to cover additional space.
272 * Note: the added memory starts out as allocated, you
273 * must free it to make it available to the memory subsystem.
275 * Note: mp_Size may not reflect (mp_End - mp_Base) range
276 * due to other parts of the system doing their own sbrk()
281 zextendPool(MemPool *mp, void *base, uintptr_t bytes)
283 if (mp->mp_Size == 0) {
286 mp->mp_End = (char *)base + bytes;
289 void *pend = (char *)mp->mp_Base + mp->mp_Size;
291 if (base < mp->mp_Base) {
292 mp->mp_Size += (char *)mp->mp_Base - (char *)base;
293 mp->mp_Used += (char *)mp->mp_Base - (char *)base;
296 base = (char *)base + bytes;
298 mp->mp_Size += (char *)base - (char *)pend;
299 mp->mp_Used += (char *)base - (char *)pend;
300 mp->mp_End = (char *)base;
308 zallocstats(MemPool *mp)
315 printf("%d bytes reserved", (int)mp->mp_Size);
319 if ((void *)mn != (void *)mp->mp_Base) {
320 abytes += (char *)mn - (char *)mp->mp_Base;
324 if ((char *)mn + mn->mr_Bytes != mp->mp_End) {
325 hbytes += mn->mr_Bytes;
328 if (mn->mr_Next != NULL) {
329 abytes += (char *)mn->mr_Next -
330 ((char *)mn + mn->mr_Bytes);
334 printf(" %d bytes allocated\n%d fragments (%d bytes fragmented)\n",
335 abytes, fcount, hbytes);