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4 <!ENTITY % release PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Release Specification//EN" "release.ent">
7 <article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0">
8 <info><title>&os; &release.current; Release Notes</title>
11 <author><orgname>The &os; Project</orgname></author>
13 <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
30 <holder role="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">The &os; Documentation Project</holder>
33 <legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
43 <para>The release notes for &os; &release.current; contain a summary
44 of the changes made to the &os; base system on the
45 &release.branch; development line.
46 This document lists applicable security advisories that were issued since
47 the last release, as well as significant changes to the &os;
49 Some brief remarks on upgrading are also presented.</para>
53 <sect1 xml:id="intro">
54 <title>Introduction</title>
56 <para>This document contains the release notes for &os;
58 describes recently added, changed, or deleted features of &os;.
59 It also provides some notes on upgrading
60 from previous versions of &os;.</para>
62 <para releasetype="current">The &release.type; distribution to which these release notes
63 apply represents the latest point along the &release.branch; development
64 branch since &release.branch; was created. Information regarding pre-built, binary
65 &release.type; distributions along this branch
66 can be found at <uri xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
68 <para releasetype="snapshot">The &release.type; distribution to which these release notes
69 apply represents a point along the &release.branch; development
70 branch between &release.prev; and the future &release.next;.
72 pre-built, binary &release.type; distributions along this branch
73 can be found at <uri xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
75 <para releasetype="release">This distribution of &os; &release.current; is a
76 &release.type; distribution. It can be found at <uri xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri> or any of its mirrors. More
77 information on obtaining this (or other) &release.type;
78 distributions of &os; can be found in the <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/mirrors.html"><quote>Obtaining
79 &os;</quote> appendix</link> to the <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/">&os;
80 Handbook</link>.</para>
82 <para>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata before
83 installing &os;. The errata document is updated with
84 <quote>late-breaking</quote> information discovered late in the
85 release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains
86 information on known bugs, security advisories, and corrections to
87 documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata for &os;
88 &release.current; can be found on the &os; Web site.</para>
93 <title>What's New</title>
95 <para>This section describes
96 the most user-visible new or changed features in &os;
98 In general, changes described here are unique to the &release.branch;
99 branch unless specifically marked as &merged; features.
102 <para>Typical release note items
103 document recent security advisories issued after
105 new drivers or hardware support, new commands or options,
106 major bug fixes, or contributed software upgrades. They may also
107 list changes to major ports/packages or release engineering
108 practices. Clearly the release notes cannot list every single
109 change made to &os; between releases; this document focuses
110 primarily on security advisories, user-visible changes, and major
111 architectural improvements.</para>
113 <sect2 xml:id="security">
114 <title>Security Advisories</title>
120 <sect2 xml:id="kernel">
121 <title>Kernel Changes</title>
123 <para revision="248508">The use of unmapped VMIO buffers eliminates the need to perform
124 TLB shootdown for mapping on buffer creation and reuse, greatly reducing the
125 amount of IPIs for shootdown on big-SMP machines and eliminating up to 25-30%
126 of the system time on i/o intensive workloads.</para>
128 <para arch="amd64" revision="254466">The maximum amount of memory the &os; kernel
129 can address has been increased from 1TB to 4TB.</para>
131 <para>A new &man.cpuset.2; API has been added
132 for thread to CPU binding and CPU resource grouping and
133 assignment. The &man.cpuset.1; userland utility has been added
134 to allow manipulation of processor sets.</para>
136 <para role="merged">The &man.ddb.4; kernel debugger now has an output capture
137 facility. Input and output from &man.ddb.4; can now be captured
138 to a memory buffer for later inspection using &man.sysctl.8; or
139 a textdump. The new <command>capture</command> command controls
142 <para role="merged">The &man.ddb.4; debugger now supports a simple scripting
143 facility, which supports a set of named scripts consisting of a
144 set of &man.ddb.4; commands. These commands can be managed from
145 within &man.ddb.4; or with the use of the new &man.ddb.8;
146 utility. More details can be found in the &man.ddb.4; manual
149 <para role="merged">The kernel now supports a new textdump format of kernel
150 dumps. A textdump provides higher-level information via
151 mechanically generated/extracted debugging output, rather than a
152 simple memory dump. This facility can be used to generate brief
153 kernel bug reports that are rich in debugging information, but
154 are not dependent on kernel symbol tables or precisely
155 synchronized source code. More information can be found in the
156 &man.textdump.4; manual page.</para>
158 <para>Kernel support for M:N threading has been removed. While
159 the KSE (Kernel Scheduled Entities) project was quite successful
160 in bringing threading to FreeBSD, the M:N approach taken by the
161 KSE library was never developed to its full potential.
162 Backwards compatibility for applications using KSE threading
163 will be provided via &man.libmap.conf.5; for dynamically linked
164 binaries. The &os; Project greatly appreciates the work of
165 &a.julian;, &a.deischen;, and &a.davidxu; on KSE support.</para>
167 <para>The &os; kernel now exports information about certain kernel
168 features via the <varname>kern.features</varname> sysctl tree.
169 The &man.feature.present.3; library call provides a convenient
170 interface for user applications to test the presence of
173 <para arch="amd64">The &os; kernel now has support for large
174 memory page mappings (<quote>superpages</quote>).</para>
176 <para arch="amd64,i386,ia64,powerpc" role="merged">The ULE
177 scheduler is now the default process scheduler
178 in <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernels.</para>
180 <para arch="amd64,i386" revision="240135">Support was added for
181 the new Intel on-CPU Bull Mountain random number
182 generator, found on IvyBridge and supposedly later CPUs,
183 accessible with RDRAND instruction.</para>
185 <sect3 xml:id="kernel-virtualization">
186 <title>Virtualization support</title>
187 <para arch="amd64" revision="245652">The BSD Hypervisor, &man.bhyve.8; is included
188 with &os;. &man.bhyve.8; requires Intel CPUs with VT-x and Extended Page Table (EPT)
189 support. These features are on all Nehalem models and beyond
190 (e.g. Nehalem and newer), but not on the lower-end Atom CPUs.</para>
192 <para revision="227652">&man.virtio.4; support has been added. &man.virtio.4; is the
193 name for the paravirtualization interface developed for the Linux KVM, but
194 since adopted to other virtual machine hypervisors (with the notable exception of Xen).
195 This work brings in a BSD-licensed clean-room implementation of the virtio kernel drivers
196 for disk IO (&man.virtio_blk.4; and &man.virtio_scsi.4;), network IO (&man.vtnet.4;),
197 memory ballooning (&man.virtio_balloon.4;), and PCI.
198 Tested with on Qemu/KVM, VirtualBox, and &man.bhyve.4;.</para>
200 <para arch="amd64,i386" revision="255524">Paravirtualized drivers which
201 support Microsoft Hyper-V have been imported and made
202 part of the amd64 GENERIC kernel. For i386, these drivers are not part of
203 GENERIC, so the following lines must be added to
204 <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> to load these drivers:
205 <programlisting>hv_ata_pci_disengage_load="YES"
208 hv_vmbus_load="YES"</programlisting> Alternatively, the Hyper-V drivers can be added to the i386
209 kernel by adding <literal>device hyperv</literal> to the kernel config, and then
210 recompiling the kernel.</para>
212 <para revision="254738">The &man.vmx.4; driver has been added.
213 &man.vmx.4; is a VMware VMXNET3 ethernet driver ported from
216 <para revision="255744" arch="amd64,i386">Xen PVHVM virtualization is now
217 part of the GENERIC kernel.</para>
221 <sect3 xml:id="kernel-arm">
222 <title>ARM support</title>
224 <para revision="239922">Raspberry PI support has been added.
225 Refer to these <link xlink:href="http://kernelnomicon.org/?p=164">setup instructions</link>
226 and <link xlink:href="http://www.raspberrypi.org/quick-start-guide">quick start
229 <para revision="253396">The default ABI on ARM is now the ARM EABI. This brings a number of
230 improvements and allows future support for VFP and Thumb-2.</para>
232 <para revision="239268">ARM support has been greatly improved, including support
233 for ARMv6 and ARMv7, SMP and thread-local storage (TLS).
234 Additionally support for some newer SoC like the MV78x60 and OMAP4 was added.
235 See <link xlink:href="http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-arm/2012-August/003757.html">this announcement</link>
236 for further details.</para>
238 <para revision="254918">Superpages support on ARM has been added. Superpages support
239 provides improved performance and scalability by allowing TLB
240 translations to dynamically cover large physical memory regions.
241 All ARMv6 and ARMv7-based platforms can take advantage of this feature.
242 See <link xlink:href="https://wiki.freebsd.org/ARMSuperpages">this page</link>
243 for further details.</para>
247 <sect3 xml:id="boot">
248 <title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
250 <para arch="amd64,i386" role="merged">The BTX kernel used by the boot
251 loader has been changed to invoke BIOS routines from real
252 mode. This change makes it possible to boot &os; from USB
255 <para arch="amd64,i386" role="merged">A new gptboot boot loader has
256 been added to support booting from a GPT labeled disk. A
257 new <command>boot</command> command has been added to
258 &man.gpt.8;, which makes a GPT disk bootable by writing the
259 required bits of the boot loader, creating a new boot
260 partition if required.</para>
264 <sect3 xml:id="proc">
265 <title>Hardware Support</title>
267 <para role="merged">The &man.cmx.4; driver, a driver for Omnikey CardMan 4040
268 PCMCIA smartcard readers, has been added.</para>
270 <para>The &man.syscons.4; driver now supports Colemak keyboard layout.</para>
272 <para role="merged">The &man.uslcom.4; driver, a driver for Silicon
273 Laboratories CP2101/CP2102-based USB serial adapters, has been
274 imported from OpenBSD.</para>
277 <title>Multimedia Support</title>
279 <para revision="240609">Support for version 2.0 of the USB Audio reference design
280 has been added. New devices should support higher bandwidth,
281 increased sampling frequency and wider dynamic range.</para>
285 <sect4 xml:id="net-if">
286 <title>Network Interface Support</title>
288 <para>The &man.ale.4; driver has been added to provide support
289 for Atheros AR8121/AR8113/AR8114 Gigabit/Fast Ethernet controllers.</para>
291 <para>The &man.em.4; driver has been split into two drivers
292 with some common parts. The &man.em.4; driver will continue
293 to support adapters up to the 82575, as well as new
294 client/desktop adapters. A new &man.igb.4; driver
295 will support new server adapters.</para>
297 <para>The &man.jme.4; driver has been added to provide support
298 for PCIe network adapters based on JMicron JMC250 Gigabit
299 Ethernet and JMC260 Fast Ethernet controllers.</para>
301 <para>The &man.malo.4; driver has been added to provide
302 support for Marvell Libertas 88W8335 based PCI network
305 <para>The firmware for the &man.mxge.4; driver has been
306 updated from 1.4.25 to 1.4.29.</para>
308 <para>The &man.sf.4; driver has been overhauled to improve its
309 performance and to add support for checksum offloading. It
310 should also work on all architectures.</para>
312 <para>The &man.re.4; driver has been overhauled to fix a
313 number of issues. This driver now has Wake On LAN (WOL)
316 <para>The &man.vr.4; driver has been overhauled to fix a
317 number of outstanding issues. It also now works on all
318 architectures.</para>
320 <para arch="amd64,i386" role="merged">The &man.wpi.4; driver has
321 been updated to include a number of stability fixes.</para>
323 <para revision="248925">The &man.cxgbe.4; driver has been updated to support
324 40G/10G Ethernet NICs based on Chelsio's Terminator 5 (T5) ASIC.</para>
326 <para revision="256694">The iw_cxgbe driver has been added. This is an
327 experimental iWARP/RDMA driver
328 (kernel verbs only) for Chelsio's T4 and T5 based cards.</para>
330 <para revision="255932">The Open Fabrics Enterprise Distribution (OFED) and
331 OFED Infiniband core has been
332 updated to the same version as supplied by Linux version 3.7</para>
334 <para revision="255932">The Mellanox Infiniband driver has been updated to firmware
335 version 2.30.3200 for ConnectX3 NICs. Support has been added for ConnectX3 VPI NICs, where
336 each port can be used as Infiniband 56 GB/s or Ethernet 40 GB/s. Support has been added
337 for dynamically loading kernel modules for Infiniband core (ibcore) and
338 IP over Infiniband (ipoib).</para>
340 <para revision="227614">&man.netmap.4; has been added. &man.netmap.4; is a framework for
341 high-performance direct-to-hardware packet IO, offering low latency and high PPS
342 rates to userland applications while bypassing any kernel-side packet processing.
343 With &man.netmap.4; it is trivially possible to fully saturate a 10 Gbps network interface with
344 minimal packet sizes. For more information, see:
345 <link xlink:href="http://info.iet.unipi.it/~luigi/netmap/">Netmap Project</link>.</para>
350 <sect3 xml:id="net-proto">
351 <title>Network Protocols</title>
353 <para revision="228571">&man.carp.4; has been rewritten to make addresses
354 more sane from the viewpoint of routing daemons such as
355 quagga/zebra. It also brings support for a single redundant
356 address on the subnet (carpdev), switching state with
357 &man.ifconfig.8;, better locking and using modern kernel
358 interfaces to allocate multicast memberships.
359 Configuration of the CARP protocol via &man.ifconfig.8; has changed, as well as format
360 of CARP events submitted to &man.devd.8; has changed. See &man.carp.4;
361 for more information. The arpbalance feature of &man.carp.4; is currently
362 not supported anymore.</para>
364 <para revision="240233">The &man.pf.4; firewall now supports fine-grain locking
365 and better utilization on multi-cpu machines resulting in
366 significant improvements in performance.</para>
368 <para revision="250700">Support for up to 65536 routing tables has been
371 <para revision="248552">Support for setting/matching differentiated services
372 codepoints (DSCP) in IP header has been added to
377 <sect3 xml:id="disks">
378 <title>Disks and Storage</title>
380 <para role="merged">The &man.aac.4; driver now supports volumes larger than
383 <para>The &man.ata.4; driver now supports a spindown command for
384 disks; after a configurable amount of time, if no requests
385 have been received for a disk, the disk will be spun down
386 until the next request. The &man.atacontrol.8; utility now
387 supports a <command>spindown</command> command to configure
390 <para role="merged">The &man.hptrr.4; driver has been updated to version 1.2
391 from Highpoint.</para>
393 <para revision="240616">&man.nvme.4; has been added and provides NVM Express support.
394 NVM Express is an optimized register interface, command set and feature set of
395 PCI Express (PCIe)-based Solid-State Drives (SSDs). For more information,
396 see <link xlink:href="http://http://www.nvmexpress.org/">nvmexpress.org</link>.</para>
401 <title>File Systems</title>
403 <para revision="255570">A new kernel-based iSCSI target and initiator has been
406 <para revision="243246">UFS filesystems can now be enlarged with &man.growfs.8; while
407 mounted read-write. This is especially useful for virtual
408 machines, allowing the addition of more harddrive space without
409 interruption of service.</para>
411 <para revision="241519">A state of the art FUSE implementation is now part of the
412 base system. It allows the use of nearly all fusefs file
415 <sect4 xml:id="fs-zfs">
418 <para revision="">&man.bsdinstall.8; now supports installing
419 ZFS on the root file system. It includes a single configuration menu
420 that allows you to select all of the required details, including
421 which drives to use, what ZFS RAID level to use (taking into consideration
422 the selected number of drives), GPT or MBR, GELI encryption, forcing 4K sectors,
423 pool name, etc.</para>
425 <para revision="240868">TRIM support has been added for
428 <para revision="246586">Support for the high performance LZ4 compression algorithm
429 has been added to ZFS. LZ4 is usually faster and can achieve a
430 higher compression ratio than LZJB, the default compression
433 <para revision="252140">Support for L2ARC compression has been added to ZFS.</para>
435 <para revision="243524">The zio nop-write improvement from Illumos
436 was imported into &os;. To reduce I/O, nop-write skips overwriting
437 data if the checksum (cryptographically secure) of new data
438 matches the checksum of existing data. It also saves space if
439 snapshots are in use. This improvement only works only on
440 datasets with enabled compression, disabled deduplication and
441 sha256 checksums.</para>
443 <para>ZFS will now compare the checksums of incoming writes to
444 the checksum of the existing on-disk data and avoid issuing any
445 write I/O for data that has not changed. This will reduce I/O
446 as well as space usage because if the old block is referenced
447 by a snapshot, both copies of the block are kept even though
448 both contain the same data.</para>
456 <sect2 xml:id="userland">
457 <title>Userland Changes</title>
459 <para revision="255321">On platforms where &man.clang.1; is the default
460 system compiler, (such as i386, amd64, arm) GCC and GNU libstdc++ are no
461 longer built by default. &man.clang.1; and libc++ from LLVM are used on
462 these platforms by instead. GCC 4.2.1 and libstdc++ are still built
463 and used by default on pc98 and all other platforms where &man.clang.1;
464 is not the default system compiler.
467 <para revision="251662">&man.clang.1; and llvm have been updated to
468 version 3.3 release. Please refer to
469 <link xlink:href="http://llvm.org/releases/3.3/tools/clang/docs/ReleaseNotes.html">
470 Clang 3.3 Release Notes.</link></para>
472 <para role="merged" revision="255949">BIND has been replaced by &man.unbound.8; for
473 local dns resolution in the base system. With this change, nslookup
474 and dig are no longer a part of the base system. Users should
475 instead use &man.host.1; and &man.drill.1; Alternatively,
476 nslookup and dig can be obtained by installing the
477 dns/bind-tools port.</para>
479 <para revision="225937">sysinstall has been removed from the base system.
480 Auxiliary libraries and tools used by sysinstall such as libdisk, libftpio,
481 and sade have also been removed. sysinstall has been replaced by
482 &man.bsdinstall.8; and &man.bsdconfig.8;.</para>
484 <para revision="256106">&man.freebsd-version.1; has been added. This tool
485 makes a best effort to determine the version and patch level of
486 the installed kernel and userland.</para>
488 <para revision="255191">GNU patch has been removed from the base system, and replaced
489 by a BSD-licensed &man.patch.1; program.</para>
491 <para revision="241511">GNU sort has been removed from the base system, and replaced
492 by a BSD-licensed &man.sort.1; program.</para>
494 <para revision="235723">Berkely yacc (byacc) has been imported
495 from <link xlink:href="http://invisible-island.net/byacc/">invisible island</link>.
496 This brings bison compatibilities to &man.yacc.1; while preserving full
497 backwards compatibility with previous version of &man.yacc.1;.</para>
499 <para revision="250881">&man.lex.1; has been replaced by flex 2.5.37</para>
501 <para revision="250699">&man.make.1; has been replaced with the
502 "Portable" BSD make tool (bmake) from NetBSD.</para>
504 <para role="merged">The &man.adduser.8; utility now supports
505 a <option>-M</option> option to set the mode of a new user's
506 home directory.</para>
508 <para>BSD-licensed versions of &man.ar.1; and &man.ranlib.1;,
509 based on <filename>libarchive</filename>, have replaced the GNU
510 Binutils versions of these utilities.</para>
512 <para>BSD-licensed versions of &man.bc.1; and &man.dc.1; have
513 replaced their GNU counterparts.</para>
515 <para role="merged">&man.chflags.1; now supports a <option>-v</option> flag for
516 verbose output and a <option>-f</option> flag to ignore errors
517 with the same semantics as (for example)
518 &man.chmod.1;.</para>
520 <para>For compatibility with other implementations, &man.cp.1; now
521 supports a <option>-a</option> flag, which is equivalent to
522 specifying the <option>-RrP</option> flags.</para>
524 <para>BSD-licensed version of &man.cpio.1; based on
525 <filename>libarchive</filename>, has replaced the GNU cpio.
526 Note that the GNU cpio is still installed as
527 <filename>gcpio</filename>.</para>
529 <para>The &man.env.1; program now supports <option>-u
530 <replaceable>name</replaceable></option>
531 which will completely unset the given variable
532 <replaceable>name</replaceable> by removing it from the environment,
533 instead of just setting it to a null value.</para>
535 <para>The &man.fdopendir.3; library function has been added.</para>
537 <para role="merged">The &man.fetch.3; library now support HTTP 1.1
538 If-Modified-Since behavior. The &man.fetch.1; program now
539 supports <option>-i <replaceable>filename</replaceable></option>
540 which will only download the specified HTTP URL if the content
541 is newer than <replaceable>filename</replaceable>.</para>
543 <para>&man.find.1; has been enhanced by the addition of a number
544 of primaries that were present in GNU find but not &os;
547 <para>&man.kgdb.1; now supports a new <command>add-kld</command>
548 command to make it easier to debug crash dumps with kernel
551 <para>The &man.ls.1; program now supports a <option>-D</option>
552 option to specify a date format string to be used with the long
553 format (<option>-l</option>) output.</para>
555 <para>&man.nc.1; now supports a <option>-O</option> switch to
556 disable the use of TCP options.</para>
558 <para>&man.nc.1;'s <option>-o</option> switch has been deprecated.
559 It will be removed in a future release.</para>
561 <para>The &man.ping6.8; utility now returns <literal>2</literal>
562 when the packet transmission was successful but no responses
563 were received (this is the same behavior as &man.ping.8;).
564 It returned a non-zero value before this change.</para>
566 <para>The &man.procstat.1; utility has been added to display
567 detailed information about processes.</para>
569 <para role="merged">The &man.realpath.1; utility now supports
570 a <option>-q</option> flag to suppress warnings; it now also
571 accepts multiple paths on its command line.</para>
573 <para>&man.sh.1; has many bug fixes, some new features, and will now
574 refuse to parse some invalid scripts. Additionally, it now
575 has filename completion and defaults to the "emacs" editing
578 <para>The &man.split.1; utility now supports a <option>-n</option>
579 flag to split a file into a certain number of chunks.</para>
581 <para>The &man.tar.1; utility now supports a <option>-Z</option>
582 flag to enable &man.compress.1;-style
583 compression/decompression.</para>
585 <para>The &man.tar.1; utility now supports a
586 <option>--numeric-owner</option> flag to ignore user/group names
587 on create and extract.</para>
589 <para>The &man.tar.1; utility now supports an
590 <option>-S</option> flag to sparsify files on extraction.</para>
592 <para>The &man.tar.1; utility now supports a <option>-s</option>
593 flag to substitute filenames based on the specified regular
596 <para>The &man.tcgetsid.3; library function has been added to
597 return the process group ID for the session leader for the
598 controlling terminal. It is defined in IEEE Std 1003.1-2001
601 <para>&man.top.1; now supports a <option>-P</option> flag to
602 provide per-CPU usage statistics.</para>
604 <para>&man.zdump.8; is now working properly on 64 bit architectures.
607 <para>&man.traceroute.8; now has the ability to print the AS
608 number for each hop with the new <option>-a</option> switch; a
609 new <option>-A</option> option allows selecting a particular
612 <para>&man.traceroute6.8; now supports a <option>-U</option> flag
613 to send probe packets with no upper-layer protocol, rather than
614 the usual UDP probe packets.</para>
616 <sect3 xml:id="rc-scripts">
617 <title><filename>/etc/rc.d</filename> Scripts</title>
624 <sect2 xml:id="contrib">
625 <title>Contributed Software</title>
627 <para revision="251300">&man.jemalloc.3; has been updated to 3.4.0.
628 See <link xlink:href="http://www.facebook.com/jemalloc/">this link</link>.
629 for more details.</para>
631 <para role="merged"><application>AMD</application> has been updated from 6.0.10
634 <para role="merged"><application>awk</application> has been updated from 1 May
635 2007 release to the 23 October 2007 release.</para>
637 <para role="merged"><application>bzip2</application> has been updated from 1.0.4
640 <para revision="251794"><application>CVS</application> has been removed from the
641 base system, but is still available from ports</para>
643 <para revision="251886">Subversion has been imported into the base system and
644 is installed as <application>svnlite</application>. <application>svnlite</application>
645 should only be used for checking out &os; source and committing, and does not
646 replace the full Subversion port.</para>
648 <para revision="234449"><application>file</application> has been updated to 5.11.</para>
650 <para revision="252726"><application>hostapd</application> has been
651 updated from 0.5.8 to 0.5.10.</para>
653 <para><application>IPFilter</application> has been updated to 5.1.2.</para>
655 <para revision="250592"><application>less</application> has been updated to
658 <para><application>ncurses</application> has been updated from
659 to 5.7-20081102.</para>
661 <para role="merged"><application>OpenSSH</application> has been updated
664 <para revision="236109"><application>OpenPAM</application> has been updated to
665 the Micrampelis release.</para>
667 <para role="merged"><application>sendmail</application> has been updated from
668 8.14.1 to 8.14.7.</para>
670 <para role="merged">The timezone database has been updated from
671 the <application>tzdata2008h</application> release to
672 the <application>tzdata2009m</application> release.</para>
674 <para>The stdtime part of libc, &man.zdump.8; and &man.zic.8;
675 have been updated from the <application>tzcode2004a</application>
676 release to the <application>tzcode2009h</application> release.
677 If you have upgraded from source or via the &man.freebsd-update.8;,
678 then please run &man.tzsetup.8; to install a new /etc/localtime.
681 <para revision="252726"><application>WPA Supplicant</application> has been
682 updated to 2.0.</para>
684 <para role="merged"><application>xz</application> has been updated
685 from snapshot as of 12 April 2010 to 5.0.0.</para>
687 <para revision="258231" role="merged">&man.nvi.1; has been updated to 2.1.2.</para>
689 <para revision="254225">&man.nvi.1; supports wide character locales.</para>
693 <sect2 xml:id="ports">
694 <title>Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</title>
696 <para revision="257444">The pkg_add, pkg_create, pkg_delete, pkg_info,
697 pkg_updating, and pkg_version utilities have been removed.
698 &man.pkg.7; must now be used to install binary packages. &man.pkg.7;
699 is the next generation &os; package manager, also referred to as "pkgng".</para>
703 <sect2 xml:id="releng">
704 <title>Release Engineering and Integration</title>
706 <para role="merged">The supported version of
707 the <application>GNOME</application> desktop environment
708 (<package>x11/gnome2</package>) has been
709 updated from 2.20.1 to 2.22.</para>
714 <title>Documentation</title>
721 <sect1 xml:id="upgrade">
722 <title>Upgrading from previous releases of &os;</title>
724 <para arch="amd64,i386">Beginning with &os; 6.2-RELEASE,
725 binary upgrades between RELEASE versions (and snapshots of the
726 various security branches) are supported using the
727 &man.freebsd-update.8; utility. The binary upgrade procedure will
728 update unmodified userland utilities, as well as unmodified GENERIC or
729 SMP kernels distributed as a part of an official &os; release.
730 The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility requires that the host being
731 upgraded have Internet connectivity.</para>
733 <para>Source-based upgrades (those based on recompiling the &os;
734 base system from source code) from previous versions are
735 supported, according to the instructions in
736 <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename>.</para>
739 <para>Upgrading &os; should, of course, only be attempted after
740 backing up <emphasis>all</emphasis> data and configuration