release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/installation/common/install.xml

   1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
   2 <!--
   3 The FreeBSD Russian Documentation Project
   4
   5 $FreeBSD$
   6 $FreeBSDru: frdp/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/installation/common/install.xml,v 1.8 2005/06/30 11:12:32 den Exp $
   7
   8 Original revision: 1.32
   9
  10 install.xml
  11
  12 This file has architecture-dependent installation instructions, culled
  13 from {alpha,i386}/INSTALL.TXT.
  14
  15 -->
  16 <sect1 xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:id="install">
  17   <title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ &os;</title>
  18
  19   <para>üÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ &os;.
  20     ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÕÄÅÌÅÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á &os; &release.current;
  21     É ÎÁÞÁÌÕ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.  çÌÁ×Á <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/install.html"><quote>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
  22     FreeBSD</quote></link> <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/">òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
  23     FreeBSD</link> ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÓÁÍÏÊ
  24     ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ÐÏÛÁÇÏ×ÕÀ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÀ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ
  25     Ó ÉÌÌÀÓÔÒÁÃÉÑÍÉ.</para>
  26
  27   <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÅÔÅ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÊ ÒÅÌÉÚ &os;, ÏÚÎÁËÏÍØÔÅÓØ Ó
  28     <xref linkend="upgrading"/>, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ
  29     ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÀ.</para>
  30
  31   <sect2 xml:id="getting-started">
  32     <title>ðÅÒÅÄ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ</title>
  33
  34     <para>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÍ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÏ
  35       ÐÅÒÅÄ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÊ, ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÈ
  36       Ó &os;.  ïÂÚÏÒ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏ×, ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÈ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÒÅÌÉÚÏÍ &os;, ÍÏÖÎÏ
  37       ÎÁÊÔÉ × <filename>README.TXT</filename>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ
  38       ÔÁÍ ÖÅ, ÇÄÅ É ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ; ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÔÁËÉÈ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏ× (ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ
  39       Ï ÒÅÌÉÚÅ, ÓÐÉÓÏË ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÇÏ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ) ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÚ ÍÅÎÀ
  40       Documentation ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</para>
  41
  42     <para>ïÎ-ÌÁÊÎ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ &os; <link xlink:href="&url.books.faq;/">FAQ</link> É
  43       <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/">Handbook</link>
  44       ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ó <link xlink:href="&url.base;/ru/">×ÅÂ ÓÁÊÔÁ
  45       ðÒÏÅËÔÁ FreeBSD</link>, ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ Ë ÉÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.</para>
  46
  47     <para>üÔÏÔ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÍ, ÎÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ,
  48       ÐÏÔÒÁÞÅÎÎÏÅ ÎÁ ÉÈ ÞÔÅÎÉÅ, ÏËÕÐÉÔÓÑ ÍÎÏÇÏËÒÁÔÎÏ.  ïÚÎÁËÏÍÌÅÎÉÅ Ó
  49       ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÍÉ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÁÍÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÍÏÞØ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ ÐÒÉ
  50       ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</para>
  51
  52     <para>äÁÖÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÑÔ Ë ÎÅÕÄÁÞÅ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ
  53       ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÔÏÌËÎÕÌÉÓØ Ó ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÍÉ, ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <xref linkend="trouble"/>,
  54       ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÀ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ.  ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ
  55       ÐÒÏÞÅÓÔØ Ó×ÅÖÕÀ ËÏÐÉÀ ÆÁÊÌÁ <filename>ERRATA.TXT</filename> ÐÅÒÅÄ
  56       ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÏÎ ÐÒÅÄÕÐÒÅÄÉÔ ×ÁÓ Ï ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÈ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÙÌÉ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÙ
  57       ÚÁ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ.</para>
  58
  59     <important>
  60       <para>èÏÔÑ &os; ÕÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÀ
  61         ÐÏÔÅÒÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ ÖÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ
  62         <emphasis>ÐÏÔÅÒÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ</emphasis>
  63         ÐÒÉ ÏÛÉÂËÅ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.  îÅ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÉÔÅ Ë
  64         ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÍÕ ÍÅÎÀ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &os; ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ÐÏÒ, ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ
  65         ÂÙÌÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÏ ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÏÅ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</para>
  66     </important>
  67   </sect2>
  68
  69   <sect2>
  70     <title>ôÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ë ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÍÕ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÀ</title>
  71
  72 <!-- i386/pc98 text starts here -->
  73
  74     <para arch="i386,pc98">&os; ÄÌÑ &arch.print; ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ÒÁÂÏÔÙ
  75       ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ 486 ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ ÉÌÉ ×ÙÛÅ É ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍÕÍ 24&nbsp;ÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔ
  76       ÏÐÅÒÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.  ÷ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ËÁË
  77       ÍÉÎÉÍÕÍ 150MB Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ÎÁ ÖÅÓÔËÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ ÄÌÑ ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÏÊ
  78       ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.  îÉÖÅ ÄÁÎÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ ÕÒÅÚÁÎÉÀ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÇÏ
  79       ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &os;.</para>
  80
  81 <!-- alpha text starts here -->
  82
  83     <para arch="alpha">&os; ÄÌÑ &arch.print; ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ,
  84       ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ × <filename>HARDWARE.TXT</filename>.</para>
  85
  86     <para arch="alpha">÷ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË ÄÌÑ &os;/alpha.
  87       îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÁ Ó ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ
  88       ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ.  üÔÏÔ ÄÉÓË ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎ Ë SCSI
  89       ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÕ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÍÕ SRM firmware ÉÌÉ Ë IDE ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÕ,
  90       ÅÓÌÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ Ó IDE ÄÉÓËÏ× ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</para>
  91
  92     <para arch="alpha">ëÏÒÎÅ×ÁÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ïâñúáôåìøîï ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ
  93       ÐÅÒ×ÙÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏÍ (ÒÁÚÄÅÌ <literal>a</literal>) ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ ÄÌÑ,
  94       ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÔÁÌÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ.</para>
  95
  96     <para arch="alpha">÷ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ firmware SRM ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÛÅÊ
  97       ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ.  ÷ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÍÅÖÄÕ
  98       AlphaBIOS (ÉÌÉ ARC) firmware É SRM.  ÷ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ
  99       ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ firmware Ó ×ÅÂ ÓÁÊÔÁ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÁ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.</para>
 100
 101 <!-- sparc64 text starts here -->
 102
 103     <para arch="sparc64">&os; ÄÌÑ &arch.print; ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ,
 104       ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ × <filename>HARDWARE.TXT</filename>.</para>
 105
 106     <para arch="sparc64">÷ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË ÄÌÑ &os;/sparc64.
 107       îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÁ Ó ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ
 108       ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ.</para>
 109
 110 <!-- amd64 text starts here -->
 111     <para arch="amd64">&os; ÄÌÑ &arch.print; ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁÍÉ
 112       Athlon64, Athlon64-FX, Opteron ÉÌÉ ×ÙÛÅ.</para>
 113
 114     <para arch="amd64">åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎ ÎÁ
 115       nVidia nForce3 Pro-150, ×ÁÍ îåïâèïäéíï ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ BIOS setup ÄÌÑ
 116       ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ IO APIC.  åÓÌÉ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ,
 117       ×ÁÍ ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÙËÌÀÞÉÔØ ACPI.  ÷ ÞÉÐÓÅÔÅ Pro-150
 118       ÅÓÔØ ÏÛÉÂËÉ, ÄÌÑ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÍÙ ÅÝÅ ÎÅ ÎÁÛÌÉ ÏÂÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÐÕÔÉ.</para>
 119
 120 <!-- generic text starts here -->
 121
 122     <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÏÊ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ &os;,
 123       ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>HARDWARE.TXT</filename>;
 124       × ÎÅÍ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔÓÑ ×ÁÖÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÀ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÍÕ
 125       &os;.</para>
 126   </sect2>
 127
 128   <sect2 xml:id="floppies">
 129     <title>éÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔ</title>
 130
 131     <para arch="i386,alpha,pc98">÷ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &os;,
 132       ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔ (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÔÒÅÈ)
 133       ÄÌÑ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.  üÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ËÒÁÔËÏ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ
 134       ËÁË ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÜÔÉ ÄÉÓËÉ Ó ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÏÇÏ CDROM ÉÌÉ ÉÚ ÉÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.
 135       ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ × ÏÂÝÅÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &os; Ó CDROM
 136       ÎÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÅÍ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÅ CDROM, ÜÔÏÔ ÛÁÇ ÎÅ
 137       ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÏÐÕÝÅÎ.</para>
 138
 139     <para arch="i386,alpha">äÌÑ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏË Ó CDROM ÉÌÉ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ,
 140       ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÀÔÓÑ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÂÒÁÚÙ ÄÉÓËÅÔ
 141       <filename>boot.flp</filename> É <filename>kernX.flp</filename>
 142       ÉÚ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ <filename>floppies/</filename> (ÄÌÑ 1.44MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ).</para>
 143
 144     <para arch="pc98">äÌÑ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó CDROM ÉÌÉ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ×ÁÍ
 145       ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÂÒÁÚÙ ÄÉÓËÅÔ <filename>boot.flp</filename>
 146       É <filename>kernX.flp</filename> ÉÚ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ
 147       <filename>floppies/</filename> (ÄÌÑ 1.44MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ) ÉÌÉ
 148       <filename>boot-small.flp</filename> É
 149       <filename>kern-small.flp</filename> (ÄÌÑ 1.2MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ).</para>
 150
 151     <para arch="i386,alpha,pc98">ðÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ÏÂÒÁÚÙ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ.
 152       úÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ
 153       <replaceable>release</replaceable><filename>/floppies/boot.flp</filename>
 154       É ×ÓÅ
 155       <replaceable>release</replaceable><filename>/floppies/kernX.flp</filename>
 156       Ó <uri xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri> ÉÌÉ Ó ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÚÅÒËÁÌ,
 157       ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÎÙÈ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/mirrors-ftp.html">FTP
 158       ÚÅÒËÁÌÁ</link> òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á ÉÌÉ, ÉÌÉ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÈ
 159       <uri xlink:href="http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/">http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/</uri>.</para>
 160
 161     <para arch="i386,alpha">÷ÏÚØÍÉÔÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÞÉÓÔÙÈ,
 162       ÔÏÌØËÏ ÞÔÏ ÏÔÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ
 163       ÄÉÓËÅÔ É ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÏÂÒÁÚ <filename>boot.flp</filename> ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÕÀ,
 164       Á <filename>kernX.flp</filename> ÎÁ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ.  üÔÉ ÏÂÒÁÚÙ
 165       <emphasis>ÎÅ</emphasis> DOS ÆÁÊÌÙ.  ÷Ù ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
 166       ÉÈ ÎÁ DOS ÉÌÉ UFS ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ ËÁË ÏÂÙÞÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
 167       ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÅ ÏÂÒÁÚÏ× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ <filename>fdimage.exe</filename>
 168       ÐÏÄ DOS (ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename>tools</filename> ÎÁ CDROM
 169       ÉÌÉ ÎÁ FTP ÚÅÒËÁÌÁÈ &os;) ÉÌÉ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ &man.dd.1;
 170       × UNIX.</para>
 171
 172     <para arch="pc98">÷ÏÚØÍÉÔÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÞÉÓÔÙÈ,
 173       ÔÏÌØËÏ ÞÔÏ ÏÔÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ
 174       ÄÉÓËÅÔ É ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÏÂÒÁÚ <filename>boot.flp</filename> ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÕÀ,
 175       Á <filename>kernX.flp</filename> ÎÁ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ.  üÔÉ ÏÂÒÁÚÙ
 176       <emphasis>ÎÅ</emphasis> DOS ÆÁÊÌÙ.  ÷Ù ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
 177       ÉÈ ÎÁ DOS ÉÌÉ UFS ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ ËÁË ÏÂÙÞÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
 178       ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÅ ÏÂÒÁÚÏ× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ <filename>rawrite.exe</filename>
 179       ÐÏÄ DOS (ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename>tools</filename> ÎÁ CDROM
 180       ÉÌÉ ÎÁ FTP ÚÅÒËÁÌÁÈ &os;) ÉÌÉ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ &man.dd.1;
 181       × UNIX.</para>
 182
 183     <para arch="i386,alpha,pc98">îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ Ó ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ ÑÄÒÁ
 184       ÐÏÄ DOS, ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁËÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>
 185
 186     <screen arch="i386,alpha"><prompt>C&gt;</prompt> <userinput>fdimage boot.flp a:</userinput></screen>
 187     <screen arch="pc98"><prompt>A&gt;</prompt> <userinput>rawrite</userinput></screen>
 188
 189     <para arch="i386,alpha">ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉ
 190       <filename>fdimage.exe</filename> É <filename>boot.flp</filename>
 191       × ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ.  äÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ× <filename>kernX.flp</filename>
 192       ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÁÎÁÌÏÇÉÞÎÙ.</para>
 193
 194     <para arch="pc98">ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉ
 195       <filename>rawrite.exe</filename> É <filename>boot.flp</filename>
 196       × ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ.  äÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ× <filename>kernX.flp</filename>
 197       ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÁÎÁÌÏÇÉÞÎÙ.</para>
 198
 199     <para arch="i386,alpha,pc98">åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÕÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ ÎÁ
 200       ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ UNIX, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>
 201
 202     <screen arch="i386,alpha">&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/rfd0</userinput></screen>
 203     <screen arch="pc98">&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/rfd0.1440</userinput></screen>
 204
 205     <para arch="i386,alpha">ÉÌÉ</para>
 206
 207     <screen arch="i386,alpha">&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/fd0</userinput></screen>
 208
 209     <para arch="i386,alpha,pc98">ÉÌÉ</para>
 210
 211     <screen arch="i386,alpha">&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/floppy</userinput></screen>
 212     <screen arch="pc98">&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=floppies/boot-small.flp of=/dev/rfd0.1200</userinput></screen>
 213
 214     <para arch="i386,alpha,pc98">× ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÉÍÅÀÝÅÇÏÓÑ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
 215       É ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ (ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ UNIX ÐÏ-ÒÁÚÎÏÍÕ ÉÍÅÎÕÀÔ
 216       ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×).</para>
 217
 218     <para arch="amd64,sparc64">õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ×
 219       &os;/&arch;.</para>
 220   </sect2>
 221
 222   <sect2 xml:id="start-installation">
 223     <title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ &os; Ó CDROM ÉÌÉ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÉÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ</title>
 224
 225 <!-- i386/pc98 text starts here -->
 226
 227     <para arch="i386,amd64">ðÒÏÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ Ó CDROM.
 228       åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ CDROM É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÙÊ
 229       CD &os;, ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ Ä×Á ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó ÎÅÇÏ:
 230       <itemizedlist>
 231         <listitem>
 232           <para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔ <quote>CDBOOT</quote>
 233             ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ CDROM É ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ Ó CD ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ
 234             ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÙÊ CD &os; × ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ É ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ
 235             ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</para>
 236         </listitem>
 237         <listitem>
 238           <para>óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ &os; ÉÚ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ
 239             <filename>floppies/</filename> ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á &os;.
 240             ðÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ <xref linkend="floppies"/> Ó ÂÏÌÅÅ
 241             ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÐÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ
 242             ÐÏÄ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ.  úÁÔÅÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ
 243             ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅÓØ Ó ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, É ×ÓËÏÒÅ ÎÁÞÎÅÔÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
 244             &os;.</para>
 245         </listitem>
 246       </itemizedlist>
 247     </para>
 248
 249     <para arch="pc98">ðÒÏÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ Ó CDROM.
 250       åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ CDROM É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÙÊ
 251       CD &os;, ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó ÎÅÇÏ:
 252       <itemizedlist>
 253         <listitem>
 254           <para>óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ &os; ÉÚ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ
 255             <filename>floppies/</filename> ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á &os;.
 256             ðÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ <xref linkend="floppies"/> Ó ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ
 257             ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÐÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÐÏÄ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ
 258             ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ.  úÁÔÅÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅÓØ Ó ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ
 259             ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, É ×ÓËÏÒÅ ÎÁÞÎÅÔÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ &os;.</para>
 260         </listitem>
 261       </itemizedlist>
 262     </para>
 263
 264     <para arch="i386">åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ CDROM (ÉÌÉ ×ÁÛ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ ÎÅ
 265       ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ Ó CDROM), ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ
 266       ÞÅÒÅÚ ÓÅÔØ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ PPP, SLIP ÉÌÉ ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ.
 267       îÁÞÎÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ, ÓÏÚÄÁ× ÎÁÂÏÒ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ &os;
 268       ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÏ× <filename>floppies/boot.flp</filename> É
 269       <filename>floppies/kernX.flp</filename>, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ
 270       × <xref linkend="floppies"/>.  ðÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ,
 271       ÄÉÓË <filename>boot.flp</filename>; ÐÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ
 272       ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÉ.  ðÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ
 273       <xref linkend="ftpnfs"/> Ó ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ
 274       ÞÅÒÅÚ FTP ÉÌÉ NFS.</para>
 275
 276     <para arch="pc98">åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ CDROM, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ
 277       ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÓÅÔØ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ PPP, SLIP ÉÌÉ ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ.
 278       îÁÞÎÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ, ÓÏÚÄÁ× ÎÁÂÏÒ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ &os;
 279       ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÏ× <filename>floppies/boot.flp</filename> É
 280       <filename>floppies/mfsroot.flp</filename>, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ
 281       × <xref linkend="floppies"/>.  ðÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ,
 282       ÄÉÓË <filename>kern.flp</filename>; ÐÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ
 283       ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÉ.  ðÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ
 284       <xref linkend="ftpnfs"/> Ó ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ
 285       ÞÅÒÅÚ FTP ÉÌÉ NFS.</para>
 286
 287 <!-- alpha text starts here -->
 288
 289     <para arch="alpha">ðÒÏÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ Ó CDROM.
 290       åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ CDROM É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÙÊ
 291       CD &os;, ÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ &os; ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ó ÎÅÇÏ.
 292       ÷ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÄÉÓË × ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ É ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ ÄÌÑ
 293       ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ (ÐÏÄÓÔÁ×É× ÄÒÕÇÏÅ ÉÍÑ CDROM ÅÓÌÉ
 294       ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ):</para>
 295
 296     <screen arch="alpha">&gt;&gt;&gt;<userinput>boot dka0</userinput></screen>
 297
 298     <para arch="alpha">÷ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×Ù ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÞÁÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ
 299       Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ.  äÌÑ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ
 300       ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÉÚ <filename>floppies/boot.flp</filename> É ÆÁÊÌÏ×
 301       <filename>floppies/kernX.flp</filename>, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÉÚ
 302       <xref linkend="floppies"/>.  ÷ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ <filename>boot.flp</filename>,
 303       ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÉÚ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ SRM ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ
 304       (<literal>&gt;&gt;&gt;</literal>) ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>
 305
 306     <screen arch="alpha">&gt;&gt;&gt;<userinput>boot dva0</userinput></screen>
 307
 308     <para arch="alpha">÷ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ
 309       ËÏÇÄÁ ÐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ É ÐÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÐÅÒ×ÏÅ
 310       ÏËÎÏ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</para>
 311
 312 <!-- sparc64 text starts here -->
 313
 314     <para arch="sparc64">âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÓÉÓÔÅÍ &arch; ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÙ ÄÌÑ
 315       Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ.  äÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &os; ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
 316       ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ ÉÚ ÓÅÔÉ ÉÌÉ Ó CDROM, ÞÔÏ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ×ÈÏÄÁ × PROM
 317       (OpenFirmware).</para>
 318
 319     <para arch="sparc64">äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÅÒÅÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ É ÖÄÉÔÅ ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
 320       ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ.  ïÎÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ ÍÏÄÅÌÉ, ÎÏ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ
 321       ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁË:</para>
 322
 323     <screen arch="sparc64">Sun Blade 100 (UltraSPARC-IIe), Keyboard Present
 324 Copyright 1998-2001 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
 325 OpenBoot 4.2, 128 MB memory installed, Serial #51090132.
 326 Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.</screen>
 327
 328     <para arch="sparc64">åÓÌÉ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ×ÁÛÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔ
 329       ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ, ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÁÖÁÔØ <keycombo action="simul"><keycap>L1</keycap><keycap>A</keycap></keycombo>
 330       ÉÌÉ <keycombo action="simul"><keycap>Stop</keycap><keycap>A</keycap></keycombo>
 331       ÎÁ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÅ, ÉÌÉ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ <command>BREAK</command> ÞÅÒÅÚ
 332       ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ËÏÎÓÏÌØ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ <command>~#</command>
 333       × &man.tip.1; ÉÌÉ &man.cu.1;) ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ PROM.
 334       ïÎÏ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁË:</para>
 335
 336     <screenco arch="sparc64">
 337       <areaspec>
 338         <area xml:id="prompt-single" coords="1 5"/>
 339         <area xml:id="prompt-smp" coords="2 5"/>
 340       </areaspec>
 341
 342       <screen><prompt>ok     </prompt>
 343 <prompt>ok {0} </prompt></screen>
 344
 345       <calloutlist>
 346         <callout arearefs="prompt-single">
 347           <para>üÔÏ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ Ó ÏÄÎÉÍ
 348             CPU.</para>
 349         </callout>
 350
 351         <callout arearefs="prompt-smp">
 352           <para>üÔÏ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ SMP, ÃÉÆÒÁ
 353             ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÞÉÓÌÏ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ CPU.</para>
 354         </callout>
 355       </calloutlist>
 356     </screenco>
 357
 358     <para arch="sparc64">ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ CDROM × ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ É ÉÚ
 359       ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ PROM ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ <command>boot cdrom</command>.</para>
 360
 361   </sect2>
 362
 363   <sect2>
 364     <title>äÅÔÁÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍ ÔÉÐÁÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</title>
 365
 366     <para>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÜËÒÁÎ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ,
 367       ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍ ÍÅÎÀ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ.
 368       åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÒÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
 369       &os;, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÏÞÅÓÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ ÉÚ
 370       ÐÏÄÍÅÎÀ Documentation, ËÁË É ÏÂÝÉÅ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ <quote>Usage</quote>
 371       ÉÚ ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ.</para>
 372
 373     <note>
 374       <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ×ÓÔÒÅÔÉÌÉÓØ Ó ÚÁÔÒÕÄÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ
 375         <keycap>F1</keycap> ÄÌÑ ×ÙÚÏ×Á ÏÎÌÁÊÎ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÅÊÓÑ
 376         Ë ÜÔÏÍÕ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ.</para>
 377     </note>
 378
 379     <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÒÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÌÉ &os;, ÉÌÉ ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ
 380       ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÌÉ, ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
 381       <quote>Standard</quote>, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÏÎ ÇÁÒÁÎÔÉÒÕÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÈ
 382       ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÐÕÎËÔÏ× ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó
 383       ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &os; É <emphasis>ÔÏÞÎÏ</emphasis> ÚÎÁÅÔÅ, ÞÔÏ
 384       ÎÕÖÎÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ <quote>Express</quote> ÉÌÉ
 385       <quote>Custom</quote>.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÅÔÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ,
 386       ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <quote>Upgrade</quote>.</para>
 387
 388     <para>ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &os; ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ
 389       ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× DOS, NFS, UFS, ÌÅÎÔ É CDROM × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
 390       ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÅÊ; ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÉÅ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ
 391       ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÅÊ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÙ ÎÉÖÅ.</para>
 392
 393     <para arch="alpha">ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÁ, ×Ù
 394       ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ &os;/&arch; ÐÕÔÅÍ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ × ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÉ SRM
 395       ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</para>
 396
 397     <screen arch="alpha">&gt;&gt;&gt;<userinput>boot dkc0</userinput></screen>
 398
 399     <para arch="alpha">ïÎÁ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ firmware ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ.
 400       äÌÑ ÐÏÉÓËÁ SRM ÉÍÅÎ ÄÉÓËÏ× ÎÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
 401       <literal>show device</literal>:</para>
 402
 403     <screen arch="alpha">&gt;&gt;&gt;<userinput>show device</userinput>
 404 dka0.0.0.4.0               DKA0           TOSHIBA CD-ROM XM-57  3476
 405 dkc0.0.0.1009.0            DKC0                       RZ1BB-BS  0658
 406 dkc100.1.0.1009.0          DKC100             SEAGATE ST34501W  0015
 407 dva0.0.0.0.1               DVA0
 408 ewa0.0.0.3.0               EWA0              00-00-F8-75-6D-01
 409 pkc0.7.0.1009.0            PKC0                  SCSI Bus ID 7  5.27
 410 pqa0.0.0.4.0               PQA0                       PCI EIDE
 411 pqb0.0.1.4.0               PQB0                       PCI EIDE</screen>
 412
 413     <para arch="alpha">üÔÏÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ×ÚÑÔ Ó Digital Personal Workstation 433au
 414       É ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÔÒÉ ÄÉÓËÁ, ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÈ Ë ÍÁÛÉÎÅ.  ðÅÒ×ÙÊ ÜÔÏ CDROM,
 415       ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÝÉÊÓÑ <filename>dka0</filename>, Á ÄÒÕÇÉÅ Ä×Á ÄÉÓËÁ
 416       ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ <filename>dkc0</filename> É
 417       <filename>dkc100</filename> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ.</para>
 418
 419     <para arch="alpha">÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ËÁËÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÑÄÒÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÔØ É ËÁËÉÅ
 420       ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍÉ <option>-file</option>
 421       É <option>-flags</option>, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:</para>
 422
 423     <screen arch="alpha"><prompt>&gt;&gt;&gt;</prompt> <userinput>boot -file kernel.old -flags s</userinput></screen>
 424
 425     <para arch="alpha">äÌÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ &os;/&arch;, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ
 426       ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</para>
 427
 428     <screen arch="alpha"><prompt>&gt;&gt;&gt;</prompt> <userinput>set boot_osflags a</userinput>
 429 <prompt>&gt;&gt;&gt;</prompt> <userinput>set bootdef_dev dkc0</userinput>
 430 <prompt>&gt;&gt;&gt;</prompt> <userinput>set auto_action BOOT</userinput></screen>
 431
 432     <sect3>
 433       <title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó CDROM ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ</title>
 434
 435       <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ Ó ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÁ
 436         CDROM, ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ <xref linkend="start-installation"/>.  åÓÌÉ × ×ÁÛÅÊ
 437         ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÎÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÁ CDROM É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ CDROM ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ
 438         ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, Ë ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ
 439         ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ:</para>
 440
 441       <itemizedlist>
 442         <listitem>
 443           <para>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &os; ÞÅÒÅÚ FTP
 444             ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ó CDROM ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ &os;, ÜÔÏ ÏÞÅÎØ
 445             ÐÒÏÓÔÏ: ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ FTP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ É ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ
 446             ÓÔÒÏËÕ × ÆÁÊÌ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ (ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ &man.vipw.8;):</para>
 447
 448           <screen>ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin</screen>
 449
 450           <para>îÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ, ÇÄÅ ×Ù ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ, ÐÅÒÅÊÄÉÔÅ
 451             Ë ÍÅÎÀ Options É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÉÍÑ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ × <literal>any</literal>.
 452             úÁÔÅÍ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ ÔÉÐ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÑ <literal>FTP</literal>,
 453             <filename>ftp://machine</filename>
 454             ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ <quote>URL</quote> × ÍÅÎÀ ftp ÓÁÊÔÏ×.</para>
 455
 456           <warning>
 457             <para>üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ÌÀÂÏÍÕ × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ (ÉÌÉ ÉÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ)
 458               ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ <quote>ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÙÅ</quote> FTP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó
 459               ÜÔÉÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅÖÅÌÁÔÅÌØÎÏ.</para>
 460           </warning>
 461         </listitem>
 462
 463         <listitem>
 464           <para>åÓÌÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ NFS ÄÌÑ
 465             ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÁ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÇÏ CDROM ÎÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ,
 466             Ó ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÅÓÔÉÓØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ, ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
 467             ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÚÁÐÉÓØ × ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/exports</filename>
 468             (ÎÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ CDROM).  ðÒÉÍÅÒ ÎÉÖÅ
 469             ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÕ <systemitem class="fqdomainname">ziggy.foo.com</systemitem> ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ CDROM
 470             ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÞÅÒÅÚ NFS:</para>
 471
 472           <screen>/cdrom          -ro             ziggy.foo.com</screen>
 473
 474           <para>ëÏÎÅÞÎÏ, ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ Ó CDROM ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ
 475             × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å NFS ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ, É ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ Õ×ÅÒÅÎÙ ËÁË ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ,
 476             NFS ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏ ÎÅ ÌÕÞÛÉÊ ×ÙÂÏÒ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÓ, ÐÏËÁ ×Ù ÎÅ ÐÒÏÞÔÅÔÅ
 477             &man.rc.conf.5; É ÎÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔÅ ×ÓÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ.  ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÑ,
 478             ÞÔÏ ÜÔÁ ÞÁÓÔØ ÐÒÏÛÌÁ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ××ÅÓÔÉ:
 479             <filename>cdrom-host:/cdrom</filename>
 480             × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÐÕÔÉ Ë NFS ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÕ, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×,
 481             ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ <filename>wiggy:/cdrom</filename>.</para>
 482         </listitem>
 483       </itemizedlist>
 484     </sect3>
 485
 486     <sect3>
 487       <title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ</title>
 488
 489       <para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÉÌÉ ÉÚ-ÚÁ
 490         ÎÅÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÉÌÉ ÐÏÔÏÍÕ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÒÁ×ÉÔÓÑ
 491         ÄÅÌÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ÉÔØ
 492         ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ.</para>
 493
 494       <para>óÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ØÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ ×
 495         <xref linkend="floppies"/>.</para>
 496
 497       <para>úÁÔÅÍ, ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ <xref linkend="layout"/> É ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ
 498         ÏÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ <quote>Distribution Format</quote>,
 499         ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÏÎ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ
 500         ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ É ÔÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÐÕÓÔÉÔØ.</para>
 501
 502       <para>úÁÔÅÍ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ, ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍÕÍ, ÓÔÏÌØËÏ 1.44MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÓËÏÌØËÏ
 503         ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÌÑ ×ÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÉÚ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ
 504         <filename>bin</filename> (binary distribution).  åÓÌÉ ×Ù
 505         ÐÏÄÇÏÔÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÅ ÜÔÉ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÐÏÄ DOS, ÏÎÉ <emphasis>ÄÏÌÖÎÙ</emphasis>
 506         ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ MS-DOS
 507         <filename>FORMAT</filename>.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ
 508         Windows, ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ format ÉÚ
 509         Windows File Manager.</para>
 510
 511       <important>
 512         <para>úÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÄÉÓËÉ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÕÖÅ ÏÔÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ.
 513           èÏÔÑ ÜÔÏ ÕÄÏÂÎÏ, ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ, Ï ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÌÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ,
 514           ÓÔÁÌÉ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÏÊ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÏÔÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ
 515           ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÅÊ.  ðÅÒÅÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÉÈ ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÄÌÑ
 516           Õ×ÅÒÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ.</para>
 517       </important>
 518
 519       <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ Ó &os;,
 520         ÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, ÈÏÔÑ ÎÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ
 521         ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ DOS ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
 522         ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ &man.disklabel.8; É &man.newfs.8; ÄÌÑ
 523         ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ UFS, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÌÌÀÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ
 524         × ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ:</para>
 525
 526       <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>fdformat -f 1440 fd0</userinput>
 527 &prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -w fd0 floppy3</userinput>
 528 &prompt.root; <userinput>newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0</userinput></screen>
 529
 530       <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÄÌÑ DOS ÉÌÉ UFS, ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
 531         ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÙ.  æÁÊÌÙ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÙ ÎÁ
 532         ÞÁÓÔÉ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÕÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ ÐÏÍÅÝÁÌÓÑ ÏÄÉÎ ÆÁÊÌ.
 533         ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÊ
 534         ÎÁÂÏÒ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ × Ó×ÏÅÍ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ,
 535         Ô.Å.: <filename>a:\bin\bin.inf</filename>,
 536         <filename>a:\bin\bin.aa</filename>,
 537         <filename>a:\bin\bin.ab</filename>, ...</para>
 538
 539       <important>
 540         <para>æÁÊÌ <filename>bin.inf</filename> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ
 541           ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÕÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ <filename>bin</filename>, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ
 542           ÏÎ ÞÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÄÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á
 543           ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÞÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ×
 544           ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ.  ðÒÉ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ× ÎÁ
 545           ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁÊÌ <filename>distname.inf</filename>
 546           <emphasis>ÄÏÌÖÅÎ</emphasis> ÐÏÍÅÝÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÕÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ
 547           ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ.</para>
 548       </important>
 549
 550       <para>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÜËÒÁÎ Media,
 551         ×ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ <quote>Floppy</quote> É ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÊÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ.</para>
 552     </sect3>
 553
 554     <sect3 arch="i386,pc98,amd64">
 555       <title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS</title>
 556
 557       <para arch="i386,amd64">äÌÑ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÅ Ë ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ MS-DOS
 558         ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÉÚ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
 559         <filename>FREEBSD</filename> ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ DOS
 560         (<filename>C:</filename>).  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÌÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ
 561         ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &os; Ó ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÆÁÊÌÙ,
 562         ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ Ó CDROM, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>
 563
 564       <screen arch="i386,amd64"><prompt>C:\&gt;</prompt> <userinput>MD C:\FREEBSD</userinput>
 565 <prompt>C:\&gt;</prompt> <userinput>XCOPY /S E:\BASE C:\FREEBSD\BASE</userinput></screen>
 566       <screen arch="pc98"><prompt>A:\&gt;</prompt> <userinput>MD A:\FREEBSD</userinput>
 567 <prompt>A:\&gt;</prompt> <userinput>XCOPY /S E:\BASE A:\FREEBSD\BASE</userinput></screen>
 568
 569       <para>ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁ <filename>E:</filename> ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎ
 570         CD.</para>
 571
 572       <para arch="i386,amd64">äÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
 573         ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ Ó ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS (É ÄÌÑ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ
 574         Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ), ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
 575         <filename>C:\FREEBSD</filename> &mdash; ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ
 576         ÎÁÂÏÒ ÜÔÏ <filename>BIN</filename>.</para>
 577
 578       <para arch="pc98">äÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
 579         ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ Ó ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS (É ÄÌÑ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ
 580         Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ), ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
 581         <filename>A:\FREEBSD</filename> &mdash; ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ
 582         ÎÁÂÏÒ ÜÔÏ <filename>BIN</filename>.</para>
 583
 584       <para>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ
 585         Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ ËÁË ÏÂÙÞÎÏ É ×ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ <quote>DOS</quote> × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
 586         ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÑ ËÏÇÄÁ ÐÒÉÄÅÔ ×ÒÅÍÑ.</para>
 587     </sect3>
 588
 589     <sect3>
 590       <title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó QIC/SCSI ÌÅÎÔÙ</title>
 591
 592       <para>ðÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ÌÅÎÔÙ, ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ
 593         ÆÁÊÌÙ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÅ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ &man.tar.1;,
 594         ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ×,
 595         ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÙ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ <command>tar</command> ÄÌÑ
 596         ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ÉÈ ÎÁ ÌÅÎÔÕ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁËÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</para>
 597
 598       <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /where/you/have/your/dists</userinput>
 599 &prompt.root; <userinput>tar cvf /dev/sa0 dist1 .. dist2</userinput></screen>
 600
 601       <para>ðÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ×Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÕÂÅÄÉÔØÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÏ
 602         ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ (ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×ÁÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÅÄÌÏÖÅÎÏ
 603         ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ) ÄÌÑ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ <emphasis>ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ</emphasis> ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÇÏ
 604         ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÌÅÎÔÙ.  ÷ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ
 605         Ë ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÇÏ ÌÅÎÔÙ, ÜÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï
 606         ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ ÈÒÁÎÉÌÉÝÅ.  ïÔ×ÅÄÉÔÅ ÓÔÏÌØËÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
 607         ÄÌÑ ÒÁÓÐÁËÏ×ËÉ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ×, ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÌÅÎÔÕ.</para>
 608
 609       <note>
 610         <para>äÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÌÅÎÔÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÁ × ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ
 611           <emphasis>ÄÏ</emphasis> ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ.  éÎÁÞÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ
 612           ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÅÅ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×.</para>
 613       </note>
 614
 615       <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ ×
 616         <xref linkend="floppies"/> É ÐÒÉÓÔÕÐÁÊÔÅ Ë ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</para>
 617     </sect3>
 618
 619     <sect3 xml:id="ftpnfs">
 620       <title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ ÞÅÒÅÚ FTP ÉÌÉ NFS</title>
 621
 622       <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ËÁË ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ × ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ
 623         ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ
 624         3 ÔÉÐÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ: ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ, ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ
 625         ÉÌÉ Ethernet.</para>
 626
 627       <sect4>
 628         <title>ðÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ</title>
 629
 630         <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ SLIP ÄÏ×ÏÌØÎÏ ÐÒÉÍÉÔÉ×ÎÁ, É ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ
 631           ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ, ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ËÁÂÅÌØ
 632           ÍÅÖÄÕ Ä×ÕÍÑ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁÍÉ.  óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍ,
 633           ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ SLIP ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
 634           ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ.  åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎ ÐÏ ÍÏÄÅÍÕ
 635           ÉÌÉ ÉÎÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÅÇÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ,
 636           ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ PPP.</para>
 637
 638         <para>ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ PPP, ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ
 639           ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ É Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï DNS, ÔÁË ËÁË ÏÎÉ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ
 640           ÒÁÎÎÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.  ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
 641           ÚÎÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ PPP ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
 642           ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÏÅ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÜÔÕ
 643           ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏÔ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ, ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
 644           ÔÁËÕÀ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ.</para>
 645
 646         <para>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ ÏÂ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ
 647           <quote>AT ËÏÍÁÎÄ</quote> ×ÁÛÅÊ ÍÏÄÅÌÉ ÍÏÄÅÍÁ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ
 648           ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ PPP ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÞÅÎØ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ
 649           ÜÍÕÌÑÔÏÒ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ.</para>
 650       </sect4>
 651
 652       <sect4>
 653         <title>ðÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ</title>
 654
 655         <para>åÓÌÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ Ë ÄÒÕÇÏÍÕ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÕ
 656           &os; ÉÌÉ Linux, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÏ×ÅÓÔÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ÞÅÒÅÚ
 657           ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÊ <quote>laplink</quote> ËÁÂÅÌØ.  óËÏÒÏÓÔØ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ
 658           ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ×ÙÛÅ, ÞÅÍ ÜÔÏ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ
 659           ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ÌÉÎÉÀ (ÄÏ 50Ë/ÓÅË), × ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
 660           ÐÒÏÈÏÄÉÔ ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ.  ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
 661           <quote>ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ</quote> IP ÁÄÒÅÓ ÐÒÉ PPP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ ÔÁËÉÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ
 662           É ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ RFC 1918 ÄÌÑ ËÏÎÃÏ× ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ
 663           (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ <systemitem class="ipaddress">10.0.0.1</systemitem>,
 664           <systemitem class="ipaddress">10.0.0.2</systemitem>, É Ô.Ä.).</para>
 665
 666         <important>
 667           <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ Ó Linux, Á ÎÅ Ó &os; ×
 668             ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ PLIP, ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ
 669             <option>link0</option> × ÏËÎÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ TCP/IP, ÐÏÌÅ
 670             <quote>extra options for ifconfig</quote>, ÄÌÑ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ
 671             ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÉÎÁÞÅ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ PLIP
 672             ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏÍ Linux.</para>
 673         </important>
 674
 675       </sect4>
 676
 677       <sect4>
 678         <title>Ethernet</title>
 679
 680         <para>&os; ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÛÉÒÏËÏ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ
 681           ËÁÒÔ Ethernet; ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÈ ËÁÒÔ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÁÓÔØÀ
 682           ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÏÂ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ (<filename>HARDWARE.TXT</filename>
 683           × ÍÅÎÀ Documentation ÎÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ ÉÌÉ × ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÍ
 684           ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ CDROM).  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÏÄÎÕ ÉÚ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ
 685           PCMCIA Ethernet ËÁÒÔ, ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ ÔÁËÖÅ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÁ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÁ
 686           <emphasis>ÄÏ</emphasis> ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÌÜÐÔÏÐÁ.  ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ,
 687           &os; ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ PCMCIA ËÁÒÔ <quote>ÎÁ ÈÏÄÕ</quote>
 688           ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</para>
 689
 690         <para>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÕÚÎÁÔØ ×ÁÛ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ × ÓÅÔÉ,
 691           ÓÅÔÅ×ÕÀ ÍÁÓËÕ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ, É ÉÍÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ.
 692           ÷ÁÛ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÄÓËÁÚÁÔØ ×ÁÍ, ËÁËÉÅ
 693           ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÏÊÄÕÔ ÄÌÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ
 694           ÏÂÒÁÝÁÔØÓÑ Ë ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÁÍ ÐÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ IP ÁÄÒÅÓÁ,
 695           ×ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉÍÅÎ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÛÌÀÚÁ
 696           (ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ PPP, ÜÔÏ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ).
 697           åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ Ó FTP ÞÅÒÅÚ HTTP ÐÒÏËÓÉ
 698           (ÓÍ. ÎÉÖÅ), ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÐÒÏËÓÉ.</para>
 699
 700         <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÔÅ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ, ×ÁÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ
 701           ÌÕÞÛÅ ÐÏÇÏ×ÏÒÉÔØ Ó ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÍ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÏÍ
 702           <emphasis>ÐÅÒÅÄ</emphasis> ÎÁÞÁÌÏÍ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÔÉÐÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.
 703           éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÏ ×ÙÂÉÒÁÅÍÙÈ IP ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× ÉÌÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
 704           ÍÁÓË × ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÐÏÞÔÉ ÎÁ×ÅÒÎÑËÁ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ
 705           É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÁÍ ÐÒÉÄÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÓÌÕÛÁÔØ ÌÅËÃÉÀ ÏÔ ÒÁÓÓÅÒÖÅÎÎÏÇÏ
 706           ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ.</para>
 707
 708         <para>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÌÉ ËÁËÏÊ-ÌÉÂÏ ÔÉÐ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ,
 709           ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÅÎÁ ÞÅÒÅÚ NFS ÉÌÉ FTP.</para>
 710       </sect4>
 711
 712       <sect4>
 713         <title>óÏ×ÅÔÙ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÞÅÒÅÚ NFS</title>
 714
 715         <para>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÞÅÒÅÚ NFS ÄÏ×ÏÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÁ: ÓËÏÐÉÒÕÊÔÅ
 716           ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á &os; ËÕÄÁ-ÌÉÂÏ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ É
 717           ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ ÐÒÉ ×ÙÂÏÒÅ NFS ÔÉÐÁ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÑ.</para>
 718
 719         <para>åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏÔ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÞÅÒÅÚ
 720           <quote>ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ</quote> (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÐÏ
 721           ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÞÉÈ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÊ Sun É Linux), ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ
 722           ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
 723           ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ × ÍÅÎÀ Options ÐÅÒÅÄ
 724           ÎÁÞÁÌÏÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</para>
 725
 726         <para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛÁ Ethernet ËÁÒÔÁ ÐÌÏÈÏÇÏ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Á É ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ
 727           ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÏÞÅÎØ ÎÉÚËÁ, ×Ù ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÈÏÔÉÔÅ
 728           ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÆÌÁÇ × Options.</para>
 729
 730         <para>äÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÞÅÒÅÚ NFS, ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ
 731           <quote>subdir mounts</quote>, Ô.Å. ÅÓÌÉ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á
 732           &os; ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×
 733           <filename>wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</filename>,
 734           <systemitem class="fqdomainname">wiggy</systemitem> ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÔØ
 735           ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
 736           <filename>/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</filename>,
 737           Á ÎÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ <filename>/usr</filename> ÉÌÉ
 738           <filename>/usr/archive/stuff</filename>.</para>
 739
 740         <para>÷ ÆÁÊÌÅ &os; <filename>/etc/exports</filename> ÜÔÏ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ
 741           ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ <option>-alldirs</option>.  äÒÕÇÉÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ
 742           NFS ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÍÅÔØ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÓÏÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ
 743           ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ <literal>Permission Denied</literal>, ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÜÔÁ
 744           ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÎÅ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ.</para>
 745       </sect4>
 746
 747       <sect4>
 748         <title>óÏ×ÅÔÙ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÞÅÒÅÚ FTP</title>
 749
 750         <para>FTP ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÁ Ó ÌÀÂÏÇÏ ÚÅÒËÁÌÉÒÕÀÝÅÇÏ
 751           ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÅÇÏ Ó×ÅÖÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ &os;.  ðÏÌÎÙÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË,
 752           ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÉÊ ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ ÚÅÒËÁÌÏ ÐÏÞÔÉ ÄÌÑ ÌÀÂÏÇÏ ÒÅÇÉÏÎÁ ÍÉÒÁ,
 753           ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÞÅÒÅÚ FTP.</para>
 754
 755         <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ Ó FTP ÓÁÊÔÁ, ÎÅ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÅÇÏ × ÜÔÏÔ
 756           ÓÐÉÓÏË, ÉÌÉ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ Ó ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÏÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÉÍÅÎ,
 757           ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ URL ÐÕÔÅÍ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ
 758           <quote>URL</quote> × ÜÔÏÍ ÍÅÎÀ.  URL ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ
 759           ÉÌÉ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÐÒÉ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÉÍÅÎ ÐÏÄÏÊÄÅÔ URL
 760           ×ÒÏÄÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ:</para>
 761
 762         <screen>ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/&arch;/4.2-RELEASE</screen>
 763
 764         <para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÔÒÉ ÔÉÐÁ FTP ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
 765           ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ:
 766           <itemizedlist>
 767             <listitem>
 768               <para>FTP:  üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ
 769                 <quote>ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ</quote> ÒÅÖÉÍ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ
 770                 ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó ËÌÉÅÎÔÏÍ.  üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÎÅ
 771                 ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÏ×, ÎÏ ÚÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ
 772                 ÌÕÞÛÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÓÏ ÓÔÁÒÙÍÉ FTP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ
 773                 ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ.  åÓÌÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÏÂÒÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
 774                 × ÐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ, ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÜÔÏÔ ÒÅÖÉÍ.</para>
 775             </listitem>
 776             <listitem>
 777               <para>FTP Passive:  õÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ <quote>ÐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ</quote>
 778                 ÒÅÖÉÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÎÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ
 779                 Ó ËÌÉÅÎÔÏÍ.  üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÏÔÌÉÞÎÏ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ,
 780                 ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÍÓÑ ÚÁ ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÁÀÔ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ
 781                 ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ ÐÏ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÙÍ ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍ ÐÏÒÔÏ×.</para>
 782             </listitem>
 783             <listitem>
 784               <para>FTP ÞÅÒÅÚ HTTP ÐÒÏËÓÉ: üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ &os;
 785                 ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ HTTP ÄÌÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÒÏËÓÉ ×ÓÅÈ FTP
 786                 ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÊ.  ðÒÏËÓÉ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÔÒÁÎÓÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ É ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ
 787                 ÉÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ FTP.  üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÐÒÏÈÏÄÉÔØ ÞÅÒÅÚ
 788                 ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÏÏÂÝÅ ÎÅ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÁÀÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ FTP,
 789                 ÎÏ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ HTTP ÐÒÏËÓÉ.  ÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ
 790                 ÐÒÏËÓÉ × ÄÏÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ Ë FTP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ.</para>
 791
 792               <para>÷ ÒÅÄËÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ, ËÏÇÄÁ FTP ÐÒÏËÓÉ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÞÅÒÅÚ
 793                 HTTP, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ URL ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁË:</para>
 794
 795               <screen><userinput>ftp://foo.bar.com:port/pub/FreeBSD</userinput></screen>
 796
 797               <para>÷ URL ×ÙÛÅ, <replaceable>port</replaceable>
 798                 ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅÒ ÐÏÒÔÁ FTP ÐÒÏËÓÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ.</para>
 799             </listitem>
 800           </itemizedlist>
 801         </para>
 802
 803       </sect4>
 804     </sect3>
 805     <sect3 arch="i386,alpha,amd64">
 806       <title>óÏ×ÅÔÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ</title>
 807
 808       <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÉÔÁÅÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ &os; ÎÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ,
 809         ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÊ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ (Ô.Å. ÎÅ ÉÍÅÀÝÉÊ
 810         VGA ËÁÒÔÙ), ÓÌÅÄÕÊÔÅ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ:</para>
 811
 812       <procedure>
 813         <step>
 814           <para>ðÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ÌÀÂÏÊ ANSI (vt100) ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÊ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌ ÉÌÉ
 815             ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ ÜÍÕÌÑÃÉÉ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ Ë <filename>COM1</filename>
 816             ÐÏÒÔÕ PC, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÅ &os;.</para>
 817         </step>
 818         <step>
 819           <para>ïÔËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÕ (ÄÁ, ÜÔÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ!) É ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ
 820             ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÉÌÉ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ CDROM, × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ
 821             ÏÔ ÔÉÐÁ ÉÍÅÀÝÅÇÏÓÑ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÑ, Ó ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÎÏÊ
 822             ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÏÊ.</para>
 823         </step>
 824         <step>
 825           <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ×ÉÄÉÔÅ ÎÉÞÅÇÏ ÎÁ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ,
 826             ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÕ ÏÐÑÔØ.
 827             åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÅÓØ Ó CDROM, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ <xref linkend="hitspace"/> ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÇÎÁÌÏ×.</para>
 828         </step>
 829         <step>
 830           <para>ðÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÐÏÓÌÅ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ
 831             ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÄÉÓË <filename>kernX.flp</filename> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ
 832             <keycap>Enter</keycap>.  ðÏÓÌÅ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ
 833             ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÄÉÓË <filename>kernX.flp</filename> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ
 834             <keycap>Enter</keycap>, É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×
 835             <filename>kernX.flp</filename>.  ëÏÇÄÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔÓÑ,
 836             ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÏÐÑÔØ <filename>boot.flp</filename> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ
 837             <keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para>
 838         </step>
 839         <step xml:id="hitspace">
 840           <para>ðÏÓÌÅ Ú×ÕËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÓÉÇÎÁÌÁ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ ÃÉÆÒÕ <keycap>6</keycap>,
 841             ÚÁÔÅÍ ××ÅÄÉÔÅ</para>
 842
 843           <screen><userinput>boot -h</userinput></screen>
 844
 845           <para>É ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ
 846             ÐÏÒÔ.  åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ, ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ
 847             ËÁÂÅÌØ É ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÜÍÕÌÑÃÉÉ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ ÉÌÉ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌØÎÏÇÏ
 848             ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á.  ïÎÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ ÎÁ 9600 ËÂÉÔ, 8 ÂÉÔ, ÂÅÚ
 849             ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÞÅÔÎÏÓÔÉ.</para>
 850         </step>
 851       </procedure>
 852     </sect3>
 853   </sect2>
 854
 855   <sect2>
 856     <title>÷ÏÐÒÏÓÙ É ÏÔ×ÅÔÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ &arch.print;</title>
 857
 858     <qandaset arch="i386,amd64">
 859       <qandaentry>
 860         <question>
 861           <para>ðÏÍÏÇÉÔÅ!  õ ÍÅÎÑ ÎÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ!  îÕÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ×ÓÅ
 862             ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ?</para>
 863         </question>
 864         <answer>
 865           <para>åÓÌÉ ÎÁ ×ÁÛÅÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ ÕÖÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ DOS É ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
 866             &os; ÎÅÔ ÉÌÉ ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ÅÝÅ ÎÅ ×ÓÅ ÐÏÔÅÒÑÎÏ!
 867             ÷ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÍÏÞØ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ <application>FIPS</application>,
 868             ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÁÑÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename>tools/</filename> &os; CDROM
 869             ÉÌÉ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ftp ÓÁÊÔÁÈ &os;.</para>
 870
 871           <para><application>FIPS</application> ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÉÔØ
 872             ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï DOS ÎÁ Ä×Å ÞÁÓÔÉ, ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÑ
 873             ÉÍÅÀÝÉÅÓÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ É ÄÅÌÁÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ÎÁ ×ÔÏÒÕÀ
 874             Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÕÀ ÞÁÓÔØ.  óÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÄÅÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ
 875             ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ <filename>DEFRAG</filename>
 876             ÉÚ DOS 6.xx ÉÌÉ <application>Norton Disk Tools</application>,
 877             ÚÁÔÅÍ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ FIPS.  ïÎ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÉÔ ×ÓÀ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ.
 878             úÁÔÅÍ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÅÒÅÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ &os; × ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ.
 879             õÞÔÉÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ, ÞÔÏ FIPS ÓÏÚÄÁÓÔ ×ÔÏÒÏÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ËÁË
 880             <quote>ËÌÏÎ</quote> ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ, ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔÓÑ Ä×Á ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS.
 881             îÅ ×ÏÌÎÕÊÔÅÓØ!  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ×ÔÏÒÏÊ ÐÅÒ×ÉÞÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
 882             DOS (ÕÂÅÄÉ×ÛÉÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ, ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉ× ÅÇÏ
 883             ÒÁÚÍÅÒ).</para>
 884
 885           <para><application>FIPS</application> × ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ
 886             îå ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÍÉ NTFS.  äÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÔÁËÉÍÉ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÍÉ
 887             ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÉÊ ÐÒÏÄÕËÔ, ÔÁËÏÊ ËÁË
 888             <application>Partition Magic</application>.
 889             üÔÏ ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÏÊ ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
 890             Windows ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÅÓØ ÄÉÓË É ×Ù ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ
 891             Ó ÎÕÌÑ.</para>
 892
 893           <para><application>FIPS</application> ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÍÉ
 894             ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÍÉ DOS.  ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ Windows
 895             95/98/ME FAT32.</para>
 896         </answer>
 897       </qandaentry>
 898
 899       <qandaentry>
 900         <question>
 901           <para>íÏÇÕ Ñ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÖÁÔÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ DOS ÉÚ
 902           &os;?</para>
 903         </question>
 904
 905         <answer>
 906           <para>îÅÔ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÔÁËÕÀ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ ËÁË
 907             <application>Stacker</application>(tm) ÉÌÉ
 908             <application>DoubleSpace</application>(tm), &os; ÓÍÏÖÅÔ
 909             ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÔÕ ÞÁÓÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ
 910             ×Ù ÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌÉ ÎÅÓÖÁÔÏÊ.  ïÓÔÁÌØÎÁÑ ÞÁÓÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÂÕÄÅÔ
 911             ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÁ × ×ÉÄÅ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ (ÆÁÊÌ
 912             stacked/dblspaced!).  <emphasis>îÅ ÕÄÁÌÑÊÔÅ ÜÔÏÔ
 913             ÆÁÊÌ</emphasis>!</para>
 914
 915           <para>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÌÕÞÛÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÎÅÓÖÁÔÙÊ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÊ DOS ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
 916             É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÇÏ ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÍÅÖÄÕ DOS É &os;, ÅÓÌÉ
 917             ÜÔÏ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ.</para>
 918         </answer>
 919       </qandaentry>
 920
 921       <qandaentry>
 922         <question>
 923           <para>íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ DOS?</para>
 924         </question>
 925
 926         <answer>
 927           <para>äÁ.  òÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ DOS ÉÍÅÎÕÀÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ
 928             <quote>ÓÌÁÊÓÏ×</quote> &os;, Ô.Å. <filename>D:</filename>
 929             ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÔÁÔØ <filename>/dev/da0s5</filename>,
 930             <filename>E:</filename> &mdash; <filename>/dev/da0s6</filename>
 931             É Ô.Ä.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
 932             ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ SCSI 0.  äÌÑ ÄÉÓËÏ× IDE ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ
 933             <literal>da</literal> ÎÁ <literal>ad</literal> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ.
 934             éÎÙÍÉ ÓÌÏ×ÁÍÉ, ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ ÔÁË ÖÅ, ËÁË É
 935             ÌÀÂÙÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ DOS ÄÉÓËÉ, Ô.Å.:</para>
 936
 937           <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -t msdosfs /dev/da0s5 /dos_d</userinput></screen>
 938         </answer>
 939       </qandaentry>
 940
 941       <qandaentry>
 942         <question>
 943           <para>íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ DOS × &os;?</para>
 944         </question>
 945
 946         <answer>
 947           <para>èÏÔÑ ÅÝÅ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÓÔÒÙÅ ÕÇÌÙ, ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ
 948             ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÄÏÊÔÉ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ &man.doscmd.1;, ÒÁÂÏÔÁ ÎÁÄ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ
 949             ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÅÔÓÑ.  ðÏÒÔ/ÐÁËÅÔ <package>emulators/doscmd</package> ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ×
 950             ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× &os;.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÚÁÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÏ×ÁÎÙ × ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÎÁÄ
 951             ÜÔÏÊ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÏÊ,
 952             ÏÔÐÒÁ×ØÔÅ ÐÉÓØÍÏ × &a.emulation; É ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù
 953             ÚÁÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÏ×ÁÎÙ × ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÀÝÅÊÓÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ!</para>
 954
 955           <para>ðÏÒÔ/ÐÁËÅÔ <package>emulators/pcemu</package>
 956             × ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× &os; ÜÍÕÌÉÒÕÅÔ 8088 É BIOS ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ ÄÌÑ
 957             ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÈ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ DOS.  äÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÅÍÕ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
 958             X Window System (XFree86).</para>
 959         </answer>
 960       </qandaentry>
 961
 962       <qandaentry>
 963         <question>
 964           <para>íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ × &os; ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ
 965             &microsoft.windows;?</para>
 966         </question>
 967
 968         <answer>
 969           <para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÒÔÏ×/ÐÁËÅÔÏ× × ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ×
 970             &os;, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ
 971             ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ &windows;.  ðÏÒÔ/ÐÁËÅÔ <package>emulators/wine</package> ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ
 972             ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÄ &os;, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÉÍ
 973             &windows; ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ × X Windows (XFree86).</para>
 974         </answer>
 975       </qandaentry>
 976
 977       <qandaentry>
 978         <question>
 979           <para>íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ × &os; ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ?</para>
 980         </question>
 981
 982         <answer>
 983           <para>÷ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÒÔÏ×/ÐÁËÅÔÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
 984             ÉÍÉÔÉÒÕÀÔ <quote>×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ</quote> É ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ
 985             ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÐÏ×ÅÒÈ &os;.  ðÏÒÔ/ÐÁËÅÔ
 986             <package>emulators/bochs</package> ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ
 987             &microsoft.windows;, Linux É ÄÁÖÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ËÏÐÉÑÍ &os; ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ
 988             ×ÎÕÔÒÉ ÏËÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÇÏ ÓÔÏÌÁ &os;.  ðÏÒÔÙ/ÐÁËÅÔÙ <package>emulators/vmware2</package> É <package>emulators/vmware3</package> ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ
 989             × &os; ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÉÅ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ VMware.</para>
 990         </answer>
 991       </qandaentry>
 992     </qandaset>
 993
 994     <qandaset arch="alpha">
 995       <qandaentry>
 996         <question>
 997           <para>íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ARC ÉÌÉ Alpha BIOS ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ?</para>
 998         </question>
 999
1000         <answer>
1001           <para>îÅÔ.  &os;, ÔÁË ÖÅ ËÁË Compaq Tru64 É VMS, ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ
1002             ÔÏÌØËÏ Ó SRM ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ.</para>
1003         </answer>
1004       </qandaentry>
1005
1006       <qandaentry>
1007         <question>
1008           <para>ðÏÍÏÇÉÔÅ!!  õ ÍÅÎÑ ÎÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ!  äÏÌÖÅÎ ÌÉ Ñ ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ
1009             ×ÓÅ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ??</para>
1010         </question>
1011
1012         <answer>
1013           <para>ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, ÄÁ.</para>
1014         </answer>
1015       </qandaentry>
1016
1017       <qandaentry>
1018         <question>
1019           <para>íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ Compaq Tru64 ÉÌÉ
1020             VMS?</para>
1021         </question>
1022
1023         <answer>
1024           <para>÷ ÄÁÎÎÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÎÅÔ.</para>
1025         </answer>
1026       </qandaentry>
1027
1028       <qandaentry>
1029         <question>
1030           <para>þÔÏ ÎÁÓÞÅÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× Compaq Tru64
1031             (OSF/1)?</para>
1032         </question>
1033
1034         <answer>
1035           <para>&os; ÏÞÅÎØ ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ Tru64 Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
1036             ÐÁËÅÔÁ/ÐÏÒÔÁ <package>emulators/osf1_base</package>.</para>
1037         </answer>
1038       </qandaentry>
1039
1040       <qandaentry>
1041         <question>
1042           <para>þÔÏ ÎÁÓÞÅÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÉÓÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× Linux?</para>
1043         </question>
1044
1045         <answer>
1046           <para>&os; ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ AlphaLinux Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
1047             ÐÏÒÔÁ/ÐÁËÅÔÁ <package>emulators/linux_base</package>.</para>
1048         </answer>
1049       </qandaentry>
1050
1051       <qandaentry>
1052         <question>
1053           <para>þÔÏ ÎÁÓÞÅÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× NT Alpha?</para>
1054         </question>
1055
1056         <answer>
1057           <para>&os; ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ NT, ÈÏÔÑ É ÍÏÖÅÔ
1058             ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ NT.</para>
1059         </answer>
1060       </qandaentry>
1061     </qandaset>
1062   </sect2>
1063 </sect1>