sbin/ping/ping.c

   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
   3  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   4  *
   5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
   6  * Mike Muuss.
   7  *
   8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  10  * are met:
  11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  16  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  17  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  18  *    without specific prior written permission.
  19  *
  20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  21  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  22  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  23  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  24  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  25  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  26  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  27  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  28  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  29  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  30  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  31  */
  32
  33 #if 0
  34 #ifndef lint
  35 static const char copyright[] =
  36 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
  37         The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
  38 #endif /* not lint */
  39
  40 #ifndef lint
  41 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c      8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
  42 #endif /* not lint */
  43 #endif
  44 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
  45 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
  46
  47 /*
  48  *                      P I N G . C
  49  *
  50  * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
  51  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
  52  *
  53  * Author -
  54  *      Mike Muuss
  55  *      U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
  56  *      December, 1983
  57  *
  58  * Status -
  59  *      Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
  60  * Bugs -
  61  *      More statistics could always be gathered.
  62  *      This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
  63  */
  64
  65 #include <sys/param.h>          /* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
  66 #include <sys/socket.h>
  67 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
  68 #include <sys/time.h>
  69 #include <sys/uio.h>
  70
  71 #include <netinet/in.h>
  72 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
  73 #include <netinet/ip.h>
  74 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
  75 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
  76 #include <arpa/inet.h>
  77
  78 #ifdef IPSEC
  79 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
  80 #endif /*IPSEC*/
  81
  82 #include <ctype.h>
  83 #include <err.h>
  84 #include <errno.h>
  85 #include <math.h>
  86 #include <netdb.h>
  87 #include <signal.h>
  88 #include <stdio.h>
  89 #include <stdlib.h>
  90 #include <string.h>
  91 #include <sysexits.h>
  92 #include <unistd.h>
  93
  94 #define INADDR_LEN      ((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
  95 #define TIMEVAL_LEN     ((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
  96 #define MASK_LEN        (ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
  97 #define TS_LEN          (ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
  98 #define DEFDATALEN      56              /* default data length */
  99 #define FLOOD_BACKOFF   20000           /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
 100                                         /* runs out of buffer space */
 101 #define MAXIPLEN        (sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
 102 #define MAXICMPLEN      (ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
 103 #define MAXWAIT         10000           /* max ms to wait for response */
 104 #define MAXALARM        (60 * 60)       /* max seconds for alarm timeout */
 105 #define MAXTOS          255
 106
 107 #define A(bit)          rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]      /* identify byte in array */
 108 #define B(bit)          (1 << ((bit) & 0x07))   /* identify bit in byte */
 109 #define SET(bit)        (A(bit) |= B(bit))
 110 #define CLR(bit)        (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
 111 #define TST(bit)        (A(bit) & B(bit))
 112
 113 struct tv32 {
 114         int32_t tv32_sec;
 115         int32_t tv32_usec;
 116 };
 117
 118 /* various options */
 119 int options;
 120 #define F_FLOOD         0x0001
 121 #define F_INTERVAL      0x0002
 122 #define F_NUMERIC       0x0004
 123 #define F_PINGFILLED    0x0008
 124 #define F_QUIET         0x0010
 125 #define F_RROUTE        0x0020
 126 #define F_SO_DEBUG      0x0040
 127 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE  0x0080
 128 #define F_VERBOSE       0x0100
 129 #define F_QUIET2        0x0200
 130 #define F_NOLOOP        0x0400
 131 #define F_MTTL          0x0800
 132 #define F_MIF           0x1000
 133 #define F_AUDIBLE       0x2000
 134 #ifdef IPSEC
 135 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 136 #define F_POLICY        0x4000
 137 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 138 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 139 #define F_TTL           0x8000
 140 #define F_MISSED        0x10000
 141 #define F_ONCE          0x20000
 142 #define F_HDRINCL       0x40000
 143 #define F_MASK          0x80000
 144 #define F_TIME          0x100000
 145 #define F_SWEEP         0x200000
 146 #define F_WAITTIME      0x400000
 147
 148 /*
 149  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
 150  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
 151  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
 152  */
 153 #define MAX_DUP_CHK     (8 * 128)
 154 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
 155 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
 156
 157 struct sockaddr_in whereto;     /* who to ping */
 158 int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
 159 int maxpayload;
 160 int s;                          /* socket file descriptor */
 161 u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
 162 char BBELL = '\a';              /* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
 163 char BSPACE = '\b';             /* characters written for flood */
 164 char DOT = '.';
 165 char *hostname;
 166 char *shostname;
 167 int ident;                      /* process id to identify our packets */
 168 int uid;                        /* cached uid for micro-optimization */
 169 u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
 170 u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
 171 int phdr_len = 0;
 172 int send_len;
 173
 174 /* counters */
 175 long nmissedmax;                /* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
 176 long npackets;                  /* max packets to transmit */
 177 long nreceived;                 /* # of packets we got back */
 178 long nrepeats;                  /* number of duplicates */
 179 long ntransmitted;              /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
 180 long snpackets;                 /* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
 181 long snreceived;                /* # of packets we got back in this sweep */
 182 long sntransmitted;             /* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
 183 int sweepmax;                   /* max value of payload in sweep */
 184 int sweepmin = 0;               /* start value of payload in sweep */
 185 int sweepincr = 1;              /* payload increment in sweep */
 186 int interval = 1000;            /* interval between packets, ms */
 187 int waittime = MAXWAIT;         /* timeout for each packet */
 188 long nrcvtimeout = 0;           /* # of packets we got back after waittime */
 189
 190 /* timing */
 191 int timing;                     /* flag to do timing */
 192 double tmin = 999999999.0;      /* minimum round trip time */
 193 double tmax = 0.0;              /* maximum round trip time */
 194 double tsum = 0.0;              /* sum of all times, for doing average */
 195 double tsumsq = 0.0;            /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
 196
 197 volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;  /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
 198 volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
 199
 200 static void fill(char *, char *);
 201 static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int);
 202 static void check_status(void);
 203 static void finish(void) __dead2;
 204 static void pinger(void);
 205 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
 206 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
 207 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
 208 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
 209 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *);
 210 static void pr_retip(struct ip *);
 211 static void status(int);
 212 static void stopit(int);
 213 static void tvsub(struct timeval *, const struct timeval *);
 214 static void usage(void) __dead2;
 215
 216 int
 217 main(int argc, char *const *argv)
 218 {
 219         struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
 220         struct in_addr ifaddr;
 221         struct timeval last, intvl;
 222         struct iovec iov;
 223         struct ip *ip;
 224         struct msghdr msg;
 225         struct sigaction si_sa;
 226         size_t sz;
 227         u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
 228         char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
 229         struct hostent *hp;
 230 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 231         char *policy_in, *policy_out;
 232 #endif
 233         struct sockaddr_in *to;
 234         double t;
 235         u_long alarmtimeout, ultmp;
 236         int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload, sockerrno,
 237             tos, ttl;
 238         char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval))];
 239         char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
 240 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 241         char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];      /* record route space */
 242 #endif
 243         unsigned char loop, mttl;
 244
 245         payload = source = NULL;
 246 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 247         policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
 248 #endif
 249
 250         /*
 251          * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
 252          * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
 253          * after arg parsing.
 254          */
 255         s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
 256         sockerrno = errno;
 257
 258         if (setuid(getuid()) != 0)
 259                 err(EX_NOPERM, "setuid() failed");
 260         uid = getuid();
 261
 262         alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = 0;
 263
 264         outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
 265         while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
 266                 "Aac:DdfG:g:h:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:"
 267 #ifdef IPSEC
 268 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 269                 "P:"
 270 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 271 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 272                 )) != -1)
 273         {
 274                 switch(ch) {
 275                 case 'A':
 276                         options |= F_MISSED;
 277                         break;
 278                 case 'a':
 279                         options |= F_AUDIBLE;
 280                         break;
 281                 case 'c':
 282                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 283                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > LONG_MAX || !ultmp)
 284                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 285                                     "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
 286                                     optarg);
 287                         npackets = ultmp;
 288                         break;
 289                 case 'D':
 290                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 291                         df = 1;
 292                         break;
 293                 case 'd':
 294                         options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
 295                         break;
 296                 case 'f':
 297                         if (uid) {
 298                                 errno = EPERM;
 299                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
 300                         }
 301                         options |= F_FLOOD;
 302                         setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
 303                         break;
 304                 case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
 305                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 306                         if (*ep || ep == optarg)
 307                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 308                                     optarg);
 309                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 310                                 errno = EPERM;
 311                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 312                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 313                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 314                         }
 315                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 316                         sweepmax = ultmp;
 317                         break;
 318                 case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
 319                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 320                         if (*ep || ep == optarg)
 321                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 322                                     optarg);
 323                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 324                                 errno = EPERM;
 325                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 326                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 327                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 328                         }
 329                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 330                         sweepmin = ultmp;
 331                         break;
 332                 case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
 333                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 334                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp < 1)
 335                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid increment size: `%s'",
 336                                     optarg);
 337                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 338                                 errno = EPERM;
 339                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 340                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 341                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 342                         }
 343                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 344                         sweepincr = ultmp;
 345                         break;
 346                 case 'I':               /* multicast interface */
 347                         if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
 348                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 349                                     "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
 350                                     optarg);
 351                         options |= F_MIF;
 352                         break;
 353                 case 'i':               /* wait between sending packets */
 354                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
 355                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 356                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 357                                     optarg);
 358                         options |= F_INTERVAL;
 359                         interval = (int)t;
 360                         if (uid && interval < 1000) {
 361                                 errno = EPERM;
 362                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
 363                         }
 364                         break;
 365                 case 'L':
 366                         options |= F_NOLOOP;
 367                         loop = 0;
 368                         break;
 369                 case 'l':
 370                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 371                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > INT_MAX)
 372                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 373                                     "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
 374                         if (uid) {
 375                                 errno = EPERM;
 376                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
 377                         }
 378                         preload = ultmp;
 379                         break;
 380                 case 'M':
 381                         switch(optarg[0]) {
 382                         case 'M':
 383                         case 'm':
 384                                 options |= F_MASK;
 385                                 break;
 386                         case 'T':
 387                         case 't':
 388                                 options |= F_TIME;
 389                                 break;
 390                         default:
 391                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
 392                                 break;
 393                         }
 394                         break;
 395                 case 'm':               /* TTL */
 396                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 397                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
 398                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
 399                         ttl = ultmp;
 400                         options |= F_TTL;
 401                         break;
 402                 case 'n':
 403                         options |= F_NUMERIC;
 404                         break;
 405                 case 'o':
 406                         options |= F_ONCE;
 407                         break;
 408 #ifdef IPSEC
 409 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 410                 case 'P':
 411                         options |= F_POLICY;
 412                         if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
 413                                 policy_in = strdup(optarg);
 414                         else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
 415                                 policy_out = strdup(optarg);
 416                         else
 417                                 errx(1, "invalid security policy");
 418                         break;
 419 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 420 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 421                 case 'p':               /* fill buffer with user pattern */
 422                         options |= F_PINGFILLED;
 423                         payload = optarg;
 424                         break;
 425                 case 'Q':
 426                         options |= F_QUIET2;
 427                         break;
 428                 case 'q':
 429                         options |= F_QUIET;
 430                         break;
 431                 case 'R':
 432                         options |= F_RROUTE;
 433                         break;
 434                 case 'r':
 435                         options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
 436                         break;
 437                 case 'S':
 438                         source = optarg;
 439                         break;
 440                 case 's':               /* size of packet to send */
 441                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 442                         if (*ep || ep == optarg)
 443                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 444                                     optarg);
 445                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 446                                 errno = EPERM;
 447                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 448                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 449                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 450                         }
 451                         datalen = ultmp;
 452                         break;
 453                 case 'T':               /* multicast TTL */
 454                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 455                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
 456                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
 457                                     optarg);
 458                         mttl = ultmp;
 459                         options |= F_MTTL;
 460                         break;
 461                 case 't':
 462                         alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 463                         if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
 464                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
 465                                     optarg);
 466                         if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
 467                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
 468                                     optarg, MAXALARM);
 469                         alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
 470                         break;
 471                 case 'v':
 472                         options |= F_VERBOSE;
 473                         break;
 474                 case 'W':               /* wait ms for answer */
 475                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
 476                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 477                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 478                                     optarg);
 479                         options |= F_WAITTIME;
 480                         waittime = (int)t;
 481                         break;
 482                 case 'z':
 483                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 484                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 485                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTOS)
 486                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
 487                         tos = ultmp;
 488                         break;
 489                 default:
 490                         usage();
 491                 }
 492         }
 493
 494         if (argc - optind != 1)
 495                 usage();
 496         target = argv[optind];
 497
 498         switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
 499         case 0: break;
 500         case F_MASK:
 501                 icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
 502                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
 503                 phdr_len = MASK_LEN;
 504                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 505                         (void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
 506                 break;
 507         case F_TIME:
 508                 icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
 509                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
 510                 phdr_len = TS_LEN;
 511                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 512                         (void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
 513                 break;
 514         default:
 515                 errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
 516                 break;
 517         }
 518         icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
 519         if (options & F_RROUTE)
 520                 icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
 521         maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
 522         if (datalen > maxpayload)
 523                 errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
 524                     maxpayload);
 525         send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 526         datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
 527         if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
 528                 fill((char *)datap, payload);
 529         }
 530         if (source) {
 531                 bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
 532                 sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
 533                 if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
 534                         shostname = source;
 535                 } else {
 536                         hp = gethostbyname2(source, AF_INET);
 537                         if (!hp)
 538                                 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 539                                     source, hstrerror(h_errno));
 540
 541                         sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
 542                         if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
 543                             hp->h_length < 0)
 544                                 errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
 545                         memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
 546                             sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
 547                         (void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
 548                             sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
 549                         snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 550                         shostname = snamebuf;
 551                 }
 552                 if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) == -1)
 553                         err(1, "bind");
 554         }
 555
 556         bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
 557         to = &whereto;
 558         to->sin_family = AF_INET;
 559         to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
 560         if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
 561                 hostname = target;
 562         } else {
 563                 hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET);
 564                 if (!hp)
 565                         errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 566                             target, hstrerror(h_errno));
 567
 568                 if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
 569                         errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
 570                 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
 571                 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
 572                 hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 573                 hostname = hnamebuf;
 574         }
 575
 576         if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
 577                 errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
 578
 579         if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 580                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 581                     "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
 582         if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
 583             && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 584                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 585                     "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
 586
 587         if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN)     /* can we time transfer */
 588                 timing = 1;
 589
 590         if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
 591                 for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
 592                         *datap++ = i;
 593
 594         ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
 595
 596         if (s < 0) {
 597                 errno = sockerrno;
 598                 err(EX_OSERR, "socket");
 599         }
 600         hold = 1;
 601         if (options & F_SO_DEBUG)
 602                 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
 603                     sizeof(hold));
 604         if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
 605                 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
 606                     sizeof(hold));
 607 #ifdef IPSEC
 608 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 609         if (options & F_POLICY) {
 610                 char *buf;
 611                 if (policy_in != NULL) {
 612                         buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
 613                         if (buf == NULL)
 614                                 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
 615                         if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
 616                                         buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
 617                                 err(EX_CONFIG,
 618                                     "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
 619                         free(buf);
 620                 }
 621
 622                 if (policy_out != NULL) {
 623                         buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
 624                         if (buf == NULL)
 625                                 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
 626                         if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
 627                                         buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
 628                                 err(EX_CONFIG,
 629                                     "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
 630                         free(buf);
 631                 }
 632         }
 633 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 634 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 635
 636         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
 637                 ip = (struct ip*)outpackhdr;
 638                 if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
 639                         mib[0] = CTL_NET;
 640                         mib[1] = PF_INET;
 641                         mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
 642                         mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
 643                         sz = sizeof(ttl);
 644                         if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
 645                                 err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
 646                 }
 647                 setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
 648                 ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
 649                 ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
 650                 ip->ip_tos = tos;
 651                 ip->ip_id = 0;
 652                 ip->ip_off = df ? IP_DF : 0;
 653                 ip->ip_ttl = ttl;
 654                 ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
 655                 ip->ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
 656                 ip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
 657         }
 658         /* record route option */
 659         if (options & F_RROUTE) {
 660 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 661                 bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
 662                 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
 663                 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
 664                 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
 665                 rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
 666                 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
 667                     sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
 668                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
 669 #else
 670                 errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
 671                     "record route not available in this implementation");
 672 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
 673         }
 674
 675         if (options & F_TTL) {
 676                 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
 677                     sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
 678                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
 679                 }
 680         }
 681         if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
 682                 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
 683                     sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
 684                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
 685                 }
 686         }
 687         if (options & F_MTTL) {
 688                 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
 689                     sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
 690                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
 691                 }
 692         }
 693         if (options & F_MIF) {
 694                 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
 695                     sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
 696                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
 697                 }
 698         }
 699 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 700         { int on = 1;
 701         if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
 702                 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
 703         }
 704 #endif
 705         if (sweepmax) {
 706                 if (sweepmin >= sweepmax)
 707                         errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum packet size must be greater than the minimum packet size");
 708
 709                 if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
 710                         errx(EX_USAGE, "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
 711
 712                 if (npackets > 0) {
 713                         snpackets = npackets;
 714                         npackets = 0;
 715                 } else
 716                         snpackets = 1;
 717                 datalen = sweepmin;
 718                 send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
 719         }
 720         if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
 721                 errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
 722
 723         /*
 724          * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
 725          * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
 726          * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
 727          * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
 728          * or multicast pings if they wish.
 729          */
 730
 731         /*
 732          * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
 733          * as well.
 734          */
 735         hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
 736         (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
 737             sizeof(hold));
 738         if (uid == 0)
 739                 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
 740                     sizeof(hold));
 741
 742         if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
 743                 (void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
 744                     inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
 745                 if (source)
 746                         (void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
 747                 if (sweepmax)
 748                         (void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 749                             sweepmin, sweepmax);
 750                 else
 751                         (void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
 752
 753         } else {
 754                 if (sweepmax)
 755                         (void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 756                             hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
 757                 else
 758                         (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
 759         }
 760
 761         /*
 762          * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
 763          * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
 764          */
 765
 766         sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
 767         si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
 768
 769         si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 770         if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 771                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
 772         }
 773
 774         si_sa.sa_handler = status;
 775         if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 776                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
 777         }
 778
 779         if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
 780                 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 781                 if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
 782                         err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
 783         }
 784
 785         bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
 786         msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
 787         msg.msg_iov = &iov;
 788         msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
 789 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 790         msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
 791 #endif
 792         iov.iov_base = packet;
 793         iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
 794
 795         if (preload == 0)
 796                 pinger();               /* send the first ping */
 797         else {
 798                 if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
 799                         preload = npackets;
 800                 while (preload--)       /* fire off them quickies */
 801                         pinger();
 802         }
 803         (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
 804
 805         if (options & F_FLOOD) {
 806                 intvl.tv_sec = 0;
 807                 intvl.tv_usec = 10000;
 808         } else {
 809                 intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
 810                 intvl.tv_usec = interval % 1000 * 1000;
 811         }
 812
 813         almost_done = 0;
 814         while (!finish_up) {
 815                 struct timeval now, timeout;
 816                 fd_set rfds;
 817                 int cc, n;
 818
 819                 check_status();
 820                 if ((unsigned)s >= FD_SETSIZE)
 821                         errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
 822                 FD_ZERO(&rfds);
 823                 FD_SET(s, &rfds);
 824                 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
 825                 timeout.tv_sec = last.tv_sec + intvl.tv_sec - now.tv_sec;
 826                 timeout.tv_usec = last.tv_usec + intvl.tv_usec - now.tv_usec;
 827                 while (timeout.tv_usec < 0) {
 828                         timeout.tv_usec += 1000000;
 829                         timeout.tv_sec--;
 830                 }
 831                 while (timeout.tv_usec >= 1000000) {
 832                         timeout.tv_usec -= 1000000;
 833                         timeout.tv_sec++;
 834                 }
 835                 if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
 836                         timerclear(&timeout);
 837                 n = select(s + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
 838                 if (n < 0)
 839                         continue;       /* Must be EINTR. */
 840                 if (n == 1) {
 841                         struct timeval *tv = NULL;
 842 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 843                         struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl;
 844
 845                         msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
 846 #endif
 847                         msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
 848                         if ((cc = recvmsg(s, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
 849                                 if (errno == EINTR)
 850                                         continue;
 851                                 warn("recvmsg");
 852                                 continue;
 853                         }
 854 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 855                         if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
 856                             cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
 857                             cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
 858                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
 859                                 memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
 860                                 tv = &now;
 861                         }
 862 #endif
 863                         if (tv == NULL) {
 864                                 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
 865                                 tv = &now;
 866                         }
 867                         pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
 868                         if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
 869                             (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
 870                                 break;
 871                 }
 872                 if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
 873                         if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
 874                                 for (i = 0; i < sweepincr ; ++i)
 875                                         *datap++ = i;
 876                                 datalen += sweepincr;
 877                                 if (datalen > sweepmax)
 878                                         break;
 879                                 send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 880                                 sntransmitted = 0;
 881                         }
 882                         if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
 883                                 pinger();
 884                         else {
 885                                 if (almost_done)
 886                                         break;
 887                                 almost_done = 1;
 888                                 intvl.tv_usec = 0;
 889                                 if (nreceived) {
 890                                         intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
 891                                         if (!intvl.tv_sec)
 892                                                 intvl.tv_sec = 1;
 893                                 } else {
 894                                         intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
 895                                         intvl.tv_usec = waittime % 1000 * 1000;
 896                                 }
 897                         }
 898                         (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
 899                         if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
 900                                 nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
 901                                 if (options & F_MISSED)
 902                                         (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
 903                         }
 904                 }
 905         }
 906         finish();
 907         /* NOTREACHED */
 908         exit(0);        /* Make the compiler happy */
 909 }
 910
 911 /*
 912  * stopit --
 913  *      Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
 914  * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
 915  * to be called from a signal handler.
 916  */
 917 void
 918 stopit(int sig __unused)
 919 {
 920
 921         /*
 922          * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
 923          * be noticed for a while.  Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
 924          */
 925         if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
 926                 _exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
 927         finish_up = 1;
 928 }
 929
 930 /*
 931  * pinger --
 932  *      Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
 933  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
 934  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first TIMEVAL_LEN
 935  * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in
 936  * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
 937  */
 938 static void
 939 pinger(void)
 940 {
 941         struct timeval now;
 942         struct tv32 tv32;
 943         struct ip *ip;
 944         struct icmp *icp;
 945         int cc, i;
 946         u_char *packet;
 947
 948         packet = outpack;
 949         icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
 950         icp->icmp_type = icmp_type;
 951         icp->icmp_code = 0;
 952         icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
 953         icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
 954         icp->icmp_id = ident;                   /* ID */
 955
 956         CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
 957
 958         if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
 959                 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
 960
 961                 tv32.tv32_sec = htonl(now.tv_sec);
 962                 tv32.tv32_usec = htonl(now.tv_usec);
 963                 if (options & F_TIME)
 964                         icp->icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
 965                                 * 1000 + now.tv_usec / 1000);
 966                 if (timing)
 967                         bcopy((void *)&tv32,
 968                             (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
 969                             sizeof(tv32));
 970         }
 971
 972         cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
 973
 974         /* compute ICMP checksum here */
 975         icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
 976
 977         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
 978                 cc += sizeof(struct ip);
 979                 ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr;
 980                 ip->ip_len = cc;
 981                 ip->ip_sum = in_cksum((u_short *)outpackhdr, cc);
 982                 packet = outpackhdr;
 983         }
 984         i = sendto(s, (char *)packet, cc, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto,
 985             sizeof(whereto));
 986
 987         if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
 988                 if (i < 0) {
 989                         if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
 990                                 usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
 991                                 return;
 992                         }
 993                         warn("sendto");
 994                 } else {
 995                         warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
 996                              hostname, i, cc);
 997                 }
 998         }
 999         ntransmitted++;
1000         sntransmitted++;
1001         if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1002                 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1003 }
1004
1005 /*
1006  * pr_pack --
1007  *      Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1008  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1009  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1010  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1011  */
1012 static void
1013 pr_pack(char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timeval *tv)
1014 {
1015         struct in_addr ina;
1016         u_char *cp, *dp;
1017         struct icmp *icp;
1018         struct ip *ip;
1019         const void *tp;
1020         double triptime;
1021         int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len, seq;
1022         static int old_rrlen;
1023         static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1024
1025         /* Check the IP header */
1026         ip = (struct ip *)buf;
1027         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1028         recv_len = cc;
1029         if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1030                 if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1031                         warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
1032                              inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1033                 return;
1034         }
1035
1036         /* Now the ICMP part */
1037         cc -= hlen;
1038         icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
1039         if (icp->icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1040                 if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
1041                         return;                 /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1042                 ++nreceived;
1043                 triptime = 0.0;
1044                 if (timing) {
1045                         struct timeval tv1;
1046                         struct tv32 tv32;
1047 #ifndef icmp_data
1048                         tp = &icp->icmp_ip;
1049 #else
1050                         tp = icp->icmp_data;
1051 #endif
1052                         tp = (const char *)tp + phdr_len;
1053
1054                         if (cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len >= sizeof(tv1)) {
1055                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1056                                 memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1057                                 tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1058                                 tv1.tv_usec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_usec);
1059                                 tvsub(tv, &tv1);
1060                                 triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1061                                     ((double)tv->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
1062                                 tsum += triptime;
1063                                 tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1064                                 if (triptime < tmin)
1065                                         tmin = triptime;
1066                                 if (triptime > tmax)
1067                                         tmax = triptime;
1068                         } else
1069                                 timing = 0;
1070                 }
1071
1072                 seq = ntohs(icp->icmp_seq);
1073
1074                 if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1075                         ++nrepeats;
1076                         --nreceived;
1077                         dupflag = 1;
1078                 } else {
1079                         SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1080                         dupflag = 0;
1081                 }
1082
1083                 if (options & F_QUIET)
1084                         return;
1085
1086                 if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1087                         ++nrcvtimeout;
1088                         return;
1089                 }
1090
1091                 if (options & F_FLOOD)
1092                         (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1093                 else {
1094                         (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1095                            inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
1096                            seq);
1097                         (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
1098                         if (timing)
1099                                 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1100                         if (dupflag)
1101                                 (void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1102                         if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1103                                 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1104                         if (options & F_MASK) {
1105                                 /* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1106                                 (void)printf(" mask=%s",
1107                                         pr_addr(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp->icmp_mask)));
1108                         }
1109                         if (options & F_TIME) {
1110                                 (void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_otime));
1111                                 (void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_rtime));
1112                                 (void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_ttime));
1113                         }
1114                         if (recv_len != send_len) {
1115                                 (void)printf(
1116                                      "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1117                                      recv_len, send_len);
1118                         }
1119                         /* check the data */
1120                         cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[phdr_len];
1121                         dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1122                         cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1123                         i = 0;
1124                         if (timing) {   /* don't check variable timestamp */
1125                                 cp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1126                                 dp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1127                                 cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN;
1128                                 i += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1129                         }
1130                         for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1131                                 if (*cp != *dp) {
1132         (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1133             i, *dp, *cp);
1134                                         (void)printf("\ncp:");
1135                                         cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
1136                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1137                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1138                                                         (void)printf("\n\t");
1139                                                 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1140                                         }
1141                                         (void)printf("\ndp:");
1142                                         cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1143                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1144                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1145                                                         (void)printf("\n\t");
1146                                                 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1147                                         }
1148                                         break;
1149                                 }
1150                         }
1151                 }
1152         } else {
1153                 /*
1154                  * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1155                  * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1156                  * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1157                  * and ICMP type and ID.
1158                  *
1159                  * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1160                  * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1161                  * available to those not running as root.
1162                  */
1163 #ifndef icmp_data
1164                 struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip;
1165 #else
1166                 struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data;
1167 #endif
1168                 struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1);
1169
1170                 if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1171                     (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1172                      (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1173                      (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1174                      (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1175                      (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) {
1176                     (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
1177                         pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1178                     pr_icmph(icp);
1179                 } else
1180                     return;
1181         }
1182
1183         /* Display any IP options */
1184         cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1185
1186         for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1187                 switch (*cp) {
1188                 case IPOPT_EOL:
1189                         hlen = 0;
1190                         break;
1191                 case IPOPT_LSRR:
1192                 case IPOPT_SSRR:
1193                         (void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1194                             "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1195                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1196                         hlen -= 2;
1197                         cp += 2;
1198                         if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1199                             j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1200                                 for (;;) {
1201                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1202                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1203                                                 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1204                                         else
1205                                                 (void)printf("\t%s",
1206                                                      pr_addr(ina));
1207                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1208                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1209                                         j -= INADDR_LEN;
1210                                         if (j < INADDR_LEN)
1211                                                 break;
1212                                         (void)putchar('\n');
1213                                 }
1214                         } else
1215                                 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1216                         break;
1217                 case IPOPT_RR:
1218                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];             /* get length */
1219                         i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];           /* and pointer */
1220                         hlen -= 2;
1221                         cp += 2;
1222                         if (i > j)
1223                                 i = j;
1224                         i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1225                         if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1226                                 old_rrlen = 0;
1227                                 continue;
1228                         }
1229                         if (i == old_rrlen
1230                             && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1231                             && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1232                                 (void)printf("\t(same route)");
1233                                 hlen -= i;
1234                                 cp += i;
1235                                 break;
1236                         }
1237                         old_rrlen = i;
1238                         bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1239                         (void)printf("\nRR: ");
1240                         if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1241                             i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1242                                 for (;;) {
1243                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1244                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1245                                                 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1246                                         else
1247                                                 (void)printf("\t%s",
1248                                                      pr_addr(ina));
1249                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1250                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1251                                         i -= INADDR_LEN;
1252                                         if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1253                                                 break;
1254                                         (void)putchar('\n');
1255                                 }
1256                         } else
1257                                 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1258                         break;
1259                 case IPOPT_NOP:
1260                         (void)printf("\nNOP");
1261                         break;
1262                 default:
1263                         (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1264                         break;
1265                 }
1266         if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1267                 (void)putchar('\n');
1268                 (void)fflush(stdout);
1269         }
1270 }
1271
1272 /*
1273  * in_cksum --
1274  *      Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
1275  */
1276 u_short
1277 in_cksum(u_short *addr, int len)
1278 {
1279         int nleft, sum;
1280         u_short *w;
1281         union {
1282                 u_short us;
1283                 u_char  uc[2];
1284         } last;
1285         u_short answer;
1286
1287         nleft = len;
1288         sum = 0;
1289         w = addr;
1290
1291         /*
1292          * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
1293          * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
1294          * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
1295          */
1296         while (nleft > 1)  {
1297                 sum += *w++;
1298                 nleft -= 2;
1299         }
1300
1301         /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
1302         if (nleft == 1) {
1303                 last.uc[0] = *(u_char *)w;
1304                 last.uc[1] = 0;
1305                 sum += last.us;
1306         }
1307
1308         /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
1309         sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);     /* add hi 16 to low 16 */
1310         sum += (sum >> 16);                     /* add carry */
1311         answer = ~sum;                          /* truncate to 16 bits */
1312         return(answer);
1313 }
1314
1315 /*
1316  * tvsub --
1317  *      Subtract 2 timeval structs:  out = out - in.  Out is assumed to
1318  * be >= in.
1319  */
1320 static void
1321 tvsub(struct timeval *out, const struct timeval *in)
1322 {
1323
1324         if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
1325                 --out->tv_sec;
1326                 out->tv_usec += 1000000;
1327         }
1328         out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
1329 }
1330
1331 /*
1332  * status --
1333  *      Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1334  */
1335
1336 static void
1337 status(int sig __unused)
1338 {
1339
1340         siginfo_p = 1;
1341 }
1342
1343 static void
1344 check_status(void)
1345 {
1346
1347         if (siginfo_p) {
1348                 siginfo_p = 0;
1349                 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1350                     nreceived, ntransmitted,
1351                     ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1352                 if (nreceived && timing)
1353                         (void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1354                             tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1355                 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1356         }
1357 }
1358
1359 /*
1360  * finish --
1361  *      Print out statistics, and give up.
1362  */
1363 static void
1364 finish(void)
1365 {
1366
1367         (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1368         (void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1369         (void)putchar('\n');
1370         (void)fflush(stdout);
1371         (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1372         (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1373         (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1374         if (nrepeats)
1375                 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1376         if (ntransmitted) {
1377                 if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1378                         (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1379                 else
1380                         (void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1381                             ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1382                             ntransmitted);
1383         }
1384         if (nrcvtimeout)
1385                 (void)printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1386         (void)putchar('\n');
1387         if (nreceived && timing) {
1388                 double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1389                 double avg = tsum / n;
1390                 double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1391                 (void)printf(
1392                     "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1393                     tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1394         }
1395
1396         if (nreceived)
1397                 exit(0);
1398         else
1399                 exit(2);
1400 }
1401
1402 #ifdef notdef
1403 static char *ttab[] = {
1404         "Echo Reply",           /* ip + seq + udata */
1405         "Dest Unreachable",     /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1406         "Source Quench",        /* IP */
1407         "Redirect",             /* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1408         "Echo",
1409         "Time Exceeded",        /* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1410         "Parameter Problem",    /* pointer + IP */
1411         "Timestamp",            /* id + seq + three timestamps */
1412         "Timestamp Reply",      /* " */
1413         "Info Request",         /* id + sq */
1414         "Info Reply"            /* " */
1415 };
1416 #endif
1417
1418 /*
1419  * pr_icmph --
1420  *      Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1421  */
1422 static void
1423 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp)
1424 {
1425
1426         switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1427         case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1428                 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1429                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1430                 break;
1431         case ICMP_UNREACH:
1432                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1433                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1434                         (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1435                         break;
1436                 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1437                         (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1438                         break;
1439                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1440                         (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1441                         break;
1442                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1443                         (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1444                         break;
1445                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1446                         (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1447                                         ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1448                         break;
1449                 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1450                         (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1451                         break;
1452                 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1453                         (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1454                         break;
1455                 default:
1456                         (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1457                             icp->icmp_code);
1458                         break;
1459                 }
1460                 /* Print returned IP header information */
1461 #ifndef icmp_data
1462                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1463 #else
1464                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1465 #endif
1466                 break;
1467         case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1468                 (void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1469 #ifndef icmp_data
1470                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1471 #else
1472                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1473 #endif
1474                 break;
1475         case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1476                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1477                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1478                         (void)printf("Redirect Network");
1479                         break;
1480                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1481                         (void)printf("Redirect Host");
1482                         break;
1483                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1484                         (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1485                         break;
1486                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1487                         (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1488                         break;
1489                 default:
1490                         (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1491                         break;
1492                 }
1493                 (void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1494 #ifndef icmp_data
1495                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1496 #else
1497                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1498 #endif
1499                 break;
1500         case ICMP_ECHO:
1501                 (void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1502                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1503                 break;
1504         case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1505                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1506                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1507                         (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1508                         break;
1509                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1510                         (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1511                         break;
1512                 default:
1513                         (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1514                             icp->icmp_code);
1515                         break;
1516                 }
1517 #ifndef icmp_data
1518                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1519 #else
1520                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1521 #endif
1522                 break;
1523         case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1524                 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1525                     icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1526 #ifndef icmp_data
1527                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1528 #else
1529                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1530 #endif
1531                 break;
1532         case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1533                 (void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1534                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1535                 break;
1536         case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1537                 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1538                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1539                 break;
1540         case ICMP_IREQ:
1541                 (void)printf("Information Request\n");
1542                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1543                 break;
1544         case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1545                 (void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1546                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1547                 break;
1548         case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1549                 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1550                 break;
1551         case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1552                 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1553                 break;
1554         case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1555                 (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1556                 break;
1557         case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1558                 (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1559                 break;
1560         default:
1561                 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1562         }
1563 }
1564
1565 /*
1566  * pr_iph --
1567  *      Print an IP header with options.
1568  */
1569 static void
1570 pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1571 {
1572         u_char *cp;
1573         int hlen;
1574
1575         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1576         cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;         /* point to options */
1577
1578         (void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst\n");
1579         (void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1580             ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1581             ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1582         (void)printf("   %1lx %04lx",
1583             (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1584             (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1585         (void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1586                                                             ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1587         (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr));
1588         (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr));
1589         /* dump any option bytes */
1590         while (hlen-- > 20) {
1591                 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1592         }
1593         (void)putchar('\n');
1594 }
1595
1596 /*
1597  * pr_addr --
1598  *      Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1599  * a hostname.
1600  */
1601 static char *
1602 pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
1603 {
1604         struct hostent *hp;
1605         static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1606
1607         if ((options & F_NUMERIC) ||
1608             !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET)))
1609                 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1610         else
1611                 (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1612                     inet_ntoa(ina));
1613         return(buf);
1614 }
1615
1616 /*
1617  * pr_retip --
1618  *      Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1619  */
1620 static void
1621 pr_retip(struct ip *ip)
1622 {
1623         u_char *cp;
1624         int hlen;
1625
1626         pr_iph(ip);
1627         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1628         cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1629
1630         if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1631                 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1632                     (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1633         else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1634                 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1635                         (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1636 }
1637
1638 static char *
1639 pr_ntime(n_time timestamp)
1640 {
1641         static char buf[10];
1642         int hour, min, sec;
1643
1644         sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1645         hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1646         min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1647         sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1648
1649         (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1650
1651         return (buf);
1652 }
1653
1654 static void
1655 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1656 {
1657         char *cp;
1658         int pat[16];
1659         u_int ii, jj, kk;
1660
1661         for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1662                 if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1663                         errx(EX_USAGE,
1664                             "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1665
1666         }
1667         ii = sscanf(patp,
1668             "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1669             &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1670             &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1671             &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1672
1673         if (ii > 0)
1674                 for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1675                         for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1676                                 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1677         if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1678                 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1679                 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1680                         (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1681                 (void)printf("\n");
1682         }
1683 }
1684
1685 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
1686 #define SECOPT          " [-P policy]"
1687 #else
1688 #define SECOPT          ""
1689 #endif
1690 static void
1691 usage(void)
1692 {
1693
1694         (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1695 "usage: ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1696 "            [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1697 "           " SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1698 "            [-W waittime] [-z tos] host",
1699 "       ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1700 "            [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]" SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1701 "            [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]",
1702 "            [-z tos] mcast-group");
1703         exit(EX_USAGE);
1704 }