1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade.
14 NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
15 from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG to bootstrap to the tip of
16 stable/10, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process from
17 older version of current is a bit fragile.
19 20160531 p35 FreeBSD-SA-16:20.linux
20 FreeBSD-SA-16:21.43bsd
21 FreeBSD-SA-16:22.libarchive
23 Fix kernel stack disclosure in Linux compatibility layer. [SA-16:20]
24 Fix kernel stack disclosure in 4.3BSD compatibility layer. [SA-16:21]
25 Fix directory traversal in cpio(1). [SA-16:22]
27 20160517 p34 FreeBSD-SA-16:18.atkbd
28 FreeBSD-SA-16:19.sendmsg
30 Fix buffer overflow in keyboard driver. [SA-16:18]
32 Fix incorrect argument handling in sendmsg(2). [SA-16:19]
34 20160504 p33 FreeBSD-SA-16:17.openssl
37 Fix multiple OpenSSL vulnerabilitites. [SA-16:17]
39 Fix memory leak in ZFS. [EN-16:08]
41 20160429 p32 FreeBSD-SA-16:16.ntp
43 Fix multiple vulnerabilities of ntp.
45 20160316 p31 FreeBSD-SA-16:14.openssh-xauth
46 FreeBSD-SA-16:15.sysarch
47 FreeBSD-EN-16:04.hyperv
49 Fix OpenSSH xauth(1) command injection. [SA-16:14]
50 Fix incorrect argument validation in sysarch(2). [SA-16:15]
51 Fix Hyper-V KVP (Key-Value Pair) daemon indefinite sleep. [EN-16:04]
53 20160303 p30 FreeBSD-SA-16:12.openssl
55 Fix multiple vulnerabilities of OpenSSL.
57 20160130 p29 FreeBSD-SA-16:11.openssl
59 Fix OpenSSL SSLv2 ciphersuite downgrade vulnerability. [SA-16:11]
61 20160127 p28 FreeBSD-SA-16:09.ntp
62 FreeBSD-SA-16:10.linux
64 Fix multiple vulnerabilities of ntp. [SA-16:09]
66 Fix Linux compatibility layer issetugid(2) system call
67 vulnerability. [SA-16:10]
69 20160114 p27 FreeBSD-SA-16:07.openssh
71 Fix OpenSSH client information leak. [SA-16:07]
73 20160114 p26 FreeBSD-EN-16:02.pf
74 FreeBSD-EN-16:03.yplib
77 FreeBSD-SA-16:03.linux
78 FreeBSD-SA-16:04.linux
80 FreeBSD-SA-16:06.bsnmpd
82 Fix pf(4) generating bad TCP checksums. [EN-16:02]
83 Fix infinite loop in YP/NIS client library. [EN-16:03]
84 Fix remote denial of service in SCTP. [SA-16:01]
85 Update NTP to 4.2.8p5. [SA-16:02]
86 Fix kernel memory diclosure in Linux compatibility layer. [SA-16:03]
87 Fix kernel memory overwrite in Linux compatibility layer. [SA-16:04]
88 Fix crash in TCP MD5 signatures. [SA-16:05]
89 Fix insecure default permissions for snmpd.config. [SA-16:06]
91 20151205 p25 FreeBSD-SA-15:26.openssl
93 Fix multiple OpenSSL vulnerabilities. [SA-15:26]
95 20151104 p24 FreeBSD-SA-15:25.ntp [revised]
96 FreeBSD-EN-15:19.kqueue
99 Fix regression in ntpd(8) lacking support for RAWDCF reference
100 clock in 10.1-RELEASE-p23. [SA-15:25.ntp]
102 Fix kqueue write events never fired for files greater 2GB. [EN-15:19]
104 Fix applications exiting due to segmentation violation on a correct
105 memory address. [EN-15:20]
107 20151026: p23 FreeBSD-SA-15:25.ntp
109 Fix multiple NTP vulnerabilities. New NTP version is 4.2.8p4.
111 The configuration file syntax has been changed, thus mergemaster
112 run is recommended. Now the "kod" parameter requires "limited"
113 parameter. If the ntp.conf is not updated, the ntpd will run
114 successfully, but with KoD disabled.
116 20151002: p22 FreeBSD-SA-15:24.rpcbind [revised]
117 Revised patch to address a regression that prevents NIS from working.
119 20150929: p21 FreeBSD-SA-15:24.rpcbind
121 Fix rpcbind(8) remote denial of service. [SA-15:24]
123 20150916: p20 FreeBSD-EN-15:18.pkg
125 Implement pubkey support for pkg(7) bootstrap. [EN-15:18]
127 20150825: p19 FreeBSD-SA-15:21.amd64
128 FreeBSD-SA-15:22.openssh
129 FreeBSD-EN-15:14.ixgbe
132 Fix local privilege escalation in IRET handler. [SA-15:21]
134 Fix OpenSSH multiple vulnerabilities. [SA-15:22]
136 Disabled ixgbe(4) flow-director support. [EN-15:14]
138 Fix insufficient check of unsupported pkg(7) signature methods.
141 20150818: p18 FreeBSD-SA-15:20.expat
143 Fix multiple integer overflows in expat (libbsdxml) XML parser.
146 20150805: p17 FreeBSD-SA-15:18.bsdpatch
147 FreeBSD-SA-15:19.routed
149 Fix patch(1) shell injection vulnerability via ed(1).
152 Fix routed remote denial of service vulnerability. [SA-15:19]
154 20150728: p16 FreeBSD-SA-15:14.bsdpatch
156 FreeBSD-SA-15:16.openssh
158 Fix patch(1) shell injection vulnerability. [SA-15:14]
160 Fix resource exhaustion in TCP reassembly. [SA-15:15]
162 Fix OpenSSH multiple vulnerabilities. [SA-15:16]
164 20150721: p15 FreeBSD-SA-15:13.tcp
166 Fix resource exhaustion due to sessions stuck in LAST_ACK state.
169 20150630: p14 FreeBSD-EN-15:08.sendmail [revised]
170 FreeBSD-EN-15:09.xlocale
171 FreeBSD-EN-15:10.iconv
173 Improvements to sendmail TLS/DH interoperability. [EN-15:08]
175 Fix inconsistency between locale and rune locale states.
178 Improved iconv(3) UTF-7 support. [EN-15:10]
180 20150618: p13 FreeBSD-EN-15:08.sendmail
181 Improvements to sendmail TLS/DH interoperability. [EN-15:08]
183 20150612: p12 FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
184 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL. [SA-15:10]
186 20150609: p11 FreeBSD-EN-15:06.file
189 Updated base system file(1) to 5.22 to address multiple denial
190 of service issues. [EN-15:06]
192 Improved reliability of ZFS when TRIM/UNMAP and/or L2ARC is used.
195 20150513: p10 FreeBSD-EN-15:04.freebsd-update
198 Fix bug with freebsd-update(8) that does not ensure the previous
199 upgrade was completed. [EN-15:04]
201 Fix deadlock on reboot with UFS tuned with SU+J. [EN-15:05]
203 20150407: p9 FreeBSD-SA-15:04.igmp [revised]
205 FreeBSD-SA-15:08.bsdinstall
206 FreeBSD-SA-15:09.ipv6
208 Improved patch for SA-15:04.igmp.
210 Fix multiple vulnerabilities of ntp. [SA-15:07]
212 Fix bsdinstall(8) insecure default GELI keyfile permissions. [SA-15:08]
214 Fix Denial of Service with IPv6 Router Advertisements. [SA-15:09]
217 Fix patch for SA-15:06.openssl.
219 20150319: p7 FreeBSD-SA-15:06.openssl
220 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL. [SA-15:06]
222 20150225: p6 FreeBSD-SA-15:04.igmp
224 FreeBSD-EN-15:02.openssl
225 FreeBSD-EN-15:03.freebsd-update
227 Fix integer overflow in IGMP protocol. [SA-15:04]
229 Fix vt(4) crash with improper ioctl parameters. [EN-15:01]
231 Updated base system OpenSSL to 1.0.1l. [EN-15:02]
233 Fix freebsd-update libraries update ordering issue. [EN-15:03]
235 20150127: p5 FreeBSD-SA-15:02.kmem
236 FreeBSD-SA-15:03.sctp
238 Fix SCTP SCTP_SS_VALUE kernel memory corruption and disclosure
239 vulnerability. [SA-15:02]
241 Fix SCTP stream reset vulnerability. [SA-15:03]
243 20150114: p4 FreeBSD-SA-15:01.openssl
244 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL. [SA-15:01]
246 20141223: p3 FreeBSD-SA-14:31.ntp
247 FreeBSD-EN-14:13.freebsd-update
249 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in NTP suite. [SA-14:31]
250 Fix directory deletion issue in freebsd-update. [EN-14:13]
252 20141217: p2 FreeBSD-SA-14:30.unbound
253 Fix unbound remote denial of service vulnerability.
255 20141210: p1 FreeBSD-SA-14:27.stdio
256 FreeBSD-SA-14:28.file
258 Fix buffer overflow in stdio. [SA-14:27]
260 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in file(1) and libmagic(3).
264 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
265 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all of physical memory. This
266 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
267 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
271 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
272 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
273 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
274 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
275 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
276 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
277 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
280 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
281 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
282 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
285 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
286 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
287 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
288 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
289 be removed during a clean upgrade.
292 The ixgbe tunables now match their sysctl counterparts, for example:
293 hw.ixgbe.enable_aim => hw.ix.enable_aim
294 Anyone using ixgbe tunables should ensure they update /boot/loader.conf.
297 The NFSv4.1 server committed by r269398 changes the internal
298 function call interfaces used between the NFS and krpc modules.
299 As such, __FreeBSD_version was bumped.
302 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
303 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
304 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
305 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
306 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
310 It is no longer necessary to include the dwarf version in your DEBUG
311 options in your kernel config file. The bug that required it to be
312 placed in the config file has bene fixed. DEBUG should now just
313 contain -g. The build system will automatically update things
314 to do the right thing.
317 Several ABI breaking changes were merged to CTL and new iSCSI code.
318 All CTL and iSCSI-related tools, such as ctladm, ctld, iscsid and
319 iscsictl need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
322 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
323 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
324 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
327 On i386 and amd64 systems, the onifconsole flag is now set by default
328 in /etc/ttys for ttyu0. This causes ttyu0 to be automatically enabled
329 as a login TTY if it is set in the bootloader as an active kernel
330 console. No changes in behavior should result otherwise. To revert to
331 the previous behavior, set ttyu0 to "off" in /etc/ttys.
334 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
337 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
340 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
341 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
342 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
343 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
344 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
345 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
348 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
349 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
350 kernel is still highly recommended.
353 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
354 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
355 capability mode support in kernel.
358 The nve(4) driver for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters has
359 been deprecated and will not be part of FreeBSD 11.0 and later
360 releases. If you use this driver, please consider switching to
361 the nfe(4) driver instead.
367 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
368 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
369 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
370 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
371 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
372 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
373 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
374 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
375 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000701.
378 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
379 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
380 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
381 should change your settings to use the latter.
384 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
385 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
386 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
387 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
388 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
391 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
392 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
393 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
395 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
397 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
400 The rc.d/jail script has been updated to support jail(8)
401 configuration file. The "jail_<jname>_*" rc.conf(5) variables
402 for per-jail configuration are automatically converted to
403 /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf before the jail(8) utility is invoked.
404 This is transparently backward compatible. See below about some
405 incompatibilities and rc.conf(5) manual page for more details.
407 These variables are now deprecated in favor of jail(8) configuration
408 file. One can use "rc.d/jail config <jname>" command to generate
409 a jail(8) configuration file in /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf without
410 running the jail(8) utility. The default pathname of the
411 configuration file is /etc/jail.conf and can be specified by
412 using $jail_conf or $jail_<jname>_conf variables.
414 Please note that jail_devfs_ruleset accepts an integer at
415 this moment. Please consider to rewrite the ruleset name
419 BIND has been removed from the base system. If all you need
420 is a local resolver, simply enable and start the local_unbound
421 service instead. Otherwise, several versions of BIND are
422 available in the ports tree. The dns/bind99 port is one example.
424 With this change, nslookup(1) and dig(1) are no longer in the base
425 system. Users should instead use host(1) and drill(1) which are
426 in the base system. Alternatively, nslookup and dig can
427 be obtained by installing the dns/bind-tools port.
430 With the addition of unbound(8), a new unbound user is now
431 required during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to
432 add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
435 OpenSSH is now built with DNSSEC support, and will by default
436 silently trust signed SSHFP records. This can be controlled with
437 the VerifyHostKeyDNS client configuration setting. DNSSEC support
438 can be disabled entirely with the WITHOUT_LDNS option in src.conf.
441 The GNU Compiler Collection and C++ standard library (libstdc++)
442 are no longer built by default on platforms where clang is the system
443 compiler. You can enable them with the WITH_GCC and WITH_GNUCXX
447 The PROCDESC kernel option is now part of the GENERIC kernel
448 configuration and is required for the rwhod(8) to work.
449 If you are using custom kernel configuration, you should include
453 The API and ABI related to the Capsicum framework was modified
454 in backward incompatible way. The userland libraries and programs
455 have to be recompiled to work with the new kernel. This includes the
456 following libraries and programs, but the whole buildworld is
457 advised: libc, libprocstat, dhclient, tcpdump, hastd, hastctl,
458 kdump, procstat, rwho, rwhod, uniq.
461 AES-NI intrinsic support has been added to gcc. The AES-NI module
462 has been updated to use this support. A new gcc is required to build
463 the aesni module on both i386 and amd64.
466 The PADLOCK_RNG and RDRAND_RNG kernel options are now devices.
467 Thus "device padlock_rng" and "device rdrand_rng" should be
468 used instead of "options PADLOCK_RNG" & "options RDRAND_RNG".
471 WITH_ICONV has been split into two feature sets. WITH_ICONV now
472 enables just the iconv* functionality and is now on by default.
473 WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT enables the libiconv api and link time
474 compatability. Set WITHOUT_ICONV to build the old way.
475 If you have been using WITH_ICONV before, you will very likely
476 need to turn on WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT.
479 INVARIANTS option now enables DEBUG for code with OpenSolaris and
480 Illumos origin, including ZFS. If you have INVARIANTS in your
481 kernel configuration, then there is no need to set DEBUG or ZFS_DEBUG
483 DEBUG used to enable witness(9) tracking of OpenSolaris (mostly ZFS)
484 locks if WITNESS option was set. Because that generated a lot of
485 witness(9) reports and all of them were believed to be false
486 positives, this is no longer done. New option OPENSOLARIS_WITNESS
487 can be used to achieve the previous behavior.
490 Timer values in IPv6 data structures now use time_uptime instead
491 of time_second. Although this is not a user-visible functional
492 change, userland utilities which directly use them---ndp(8),
493 rtadvd(8), and rtsold(8) in the base system---need to be updated
497 find -delete can now delete the pathnames given as arguments,
498 instead of only files found below them or if the pathname did
499 not contain any slashes. Formerly, the following error message
502 find: -delete: <path>: relative path potentially not safe
504 Deleting the pathnames given as arguments can be prevented
505 without error messages using -mindepth 1 or by changing
506 directory and passing "." as argument to find. This works in the
507 old as well as the new version of find.
510 Behavior of devfs rules path matching has been changed.
511 Pattern is now always matched against fully qualified devfs
512 path and slash characters must be explicitly matched by
513 slashes in pattern (FNM_PATHNAME). Rulesets involving devfs
514 subdirectories must be reviewed.
517 The default ARM ABI has changed to the ARM EABI. The old ABI is
518 incompatible with the ARM EABI and all programs and modules will
519 need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
521 To keep using the old ABI ensure the WITHOUT_ARM_EABI knob is set.
523 NOTE: Support for the old ABI will be removed in the future and
524 users are advised to upgrade.
527 pkg_install has been disconnected from the build if you really need it
528 you should add WITH_PKGTOOLS in your src.conf(5).
531 Most of network statistics structures were changed to be able
532 keep 64-bits counters. Thus all tools, that work with networking
533 statistics, must be rebuilt (netstat(1), bsnmpd(1), etc.)
536 Fix targets that run multiple make's to use && rather than ;
537 so that subsequent steps depend on success of previous.
539 NOTE: if building 'universe' with -j* on stable/8 or stable/9
540 it would be better to start the build using bmake, to avoid
541 overloading the machine.
544 Fix a bug that allowed a tracing process (e.g. gdb) to write
545 to a memory-mapped file in the traced process's address space
546 even if neither the traced process nor the tracing process had
547 write access to that file.
550 CVS has been removed from the base system. An exact copy
551 of the code is available from the devel/cvs port.
554 Some people report the following error after the switch to bmake:
556 make: illegal option -- J
557 usage: make [-BPSXeiknpqrstv] [-C directory] [-D variable]
559 *** [buildworld] Error code 2
561 this likely due to an old instance of make in
562 ${MAKEPATH} (${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}/make.${MACHINE})
563 which src/Makefile will use that blindly, if it exists, so if
564 you see the above error:
566 rm -rf `make -V MAKEPATH`
571 Use bmake by default.
572 Whereas before one could choose to build with bmake via
573 -DWITH_BMAKE one must now use -DWITHOUT_BMAKE to use the old
574 make. The goal is to remove these knobs for 10-RELEASE.
576 It is worth noting that bmake (like gmake) treats the command
577 line as the unit of failure, rather than statements within the
578 command line. Thus '(cd some/where && dosomething)' is safer
579 than 'cd some/where; dosomething'. The '()' allows consistent
580 behavior in parallel build.
583 Fix a bug that allows NFS clients to issue READDIR on files.
586 The WITHOUT_IDEA option has been removed because
587 the IDEA patent expired.
590 The sysctl which controls TRIM support under ZFS has been renamed
591 from vfs.zfs.trim_disable -> vfs.zfs.trim.enabled and has been
595 The mergemaster command now uses the default MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
596 rather than creating it's own in the temporary directory in
597 order allow access to bootstrapped versions of tools such as
598 install and mtree. When upgrading from version of FreeBSD where
599 the install command does not support -l, you will need to
600 install a new mergemaster command if mergemaster -p is required.
601 This can be accomplished with the command (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster
605 Legacy ATA stack, disabled and replaced by new CAM-based one since
606 FreeBSD 9.0, completely removed from the sources. Kernel modules
607 atadisk and atapi*, user-level tools atacontrol and burncd are
608 removed. Kernel option `options ATA_CAM` is now permanently enabled
612 SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK flags have been added to socket(2)
613 and socketpair(2). Software, in particular Kerberos, may
614 automatically detect and use these during building. The resulting
615 binaries will not work on older kernels.
618 CTL_DISABLE has also been added to the sparc64 GENERIC (for further
619 information, see the respective 20130304 entry).
622 Recent commits to callout(9) changed the size of struct callout,
623 so the KBI is probably heavily disturbed. Also, some functions
624 in callout(9)/sleep(9)/sleepqueue(9)/condvar(9) KPIs were replaced
625 by macros. Every kernel module using it won't load, so rebuild
628 The ctl device has been re-enabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64,
629 but does not initialize by default (because of the new CTL_DISABLE
630 option) to save memory. To re-enable it, remove the CTL_DISABLE
631 option from the kernel config file or set kern.cam.ctl.disable=0
632 in /boot/loader.conf.
635 The ctl device has been disabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64.
636 This was done due to the extra memory being allocated at system
637 initialisation time by the ctl driver which was only used if
638 a CAM target device was created. This makes a FreeBSD system
639 unusable on 128MB or less of RAM.
642 A new compression method (lz4) has been merged to -HEAD. Please
643 refer to zpool-features(7) for more information.
645 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
646 on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
649 A BSD-licensed patch(1) variant has been added and is installed
650 as bsdpatch, being the GNU version the default patch.
651 To inverse the logic and use the BSD-licensed one as default,
652 while having the GNU version installed as gnupatch, rebuild
653 and install world with the WITH_BSD_PATCH knob set.
656 Due to the use of the new -l option to install(1) during build
657 and install, you must take care not to directly set the INSTALL
658 make variable in your /etc/make.conf, /etc/src.conf, or on the
659 command line. If you wish to use the -C flag for all installs
660 you may be able to add INSTALL+=-C to /etc/make.conf or
664 The install(1) option -M has changed meaning and now takes an
665 argument that is a file or path to append logs to. In the
666 unlikely event that -M was the last option on the command line
667 and the command line contained at least two files and a target
668 directory the first file will have logs appended to it. The -M
669 option served little practical purpose in the last decade so its
670 use is expected to be extremely rare.
673 After switching to Clang as the default compiler some users of ZFS
674 on i386 systems started to experience stack overflow kernel panics.
675 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=4' in such configurations.
678 GEOM_LABEL now mangles label names read from file system metadata.
679 Mangling affect labels containing spaces, non-printable characters,
680 '%' or '"'. Device names in /etc/fstab and other places may need to
684 By default, only the 10 most recent kernel dumps will be saved. To
685 restore the previous behaviour (no limit on the number of kernel dumps
686 stored in the dump directory) add the following line to /etc/rc.conf:
691 With the addition of auditdistd(8), a new auditdistd user is now
692 required during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to
693 add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
696 The sin6_scope_id member variable in struct sockaddr_in6 is now
697 filled by the kernel before passing the structure to the userland via
698 sysctl or routing socket. This means the KAME-specific embedded scope
699 id in sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] is always cleared in userland application.
700 This behavior can be controlled by net.inet6.ip6.deembed_scopeid.
701 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000025.
704 On i386 and amd64 systems WITH_CLANG_IS_CC is now the default.
705 This means that the world and kernel will be compiled with clang
706 and that clang will be installed as /usr/bin/cc, /usr/bin/c++,
707 and /usr/bin/cpp. To disable this behavior and revert to building
708 with gcc, compile with WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC. Really old versions
709 of current may need to bootstrap WITHOUT_CLANG first if the clang
710 build fails (its compatibility window doesn't extend to the 9 stable
714 The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option has been removed. Its
715 functionality now turned on by default.
718 The ZERO_COPY_SOCKET kernel option has been removed and
719 split into SOCKET_SEND_COW and SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP.
720 NB: SOCKET_SEND_COW uses the VM page based copy-on-write
721 mechanism which is not safe and may result in kernel crashes.
722 NB: The SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP mechanism is useless as no current
723 driver supports disposeable external page sized mbuf storage.
724 Proper replacements for both zero-copy mechanisms are under
725 consideration and will eventually lead to complete removal
726 of the two kernel options.
729 The IPv4 network stack has been converted to network byte
730 order. The following modules need to be recompiled together
731 with kernel: carp(4), divert(4), gif(4), siftr(4), gre(4),
732 pf(4), ipfw(4), ng_ipfw(4), stf(4).
735 Support for non-MPSAFE filesystems was removed from VFS. The
736 VFS_VERSION was bumped, all filesystem modules shall be
740 All the non-MPSAFE filesystems have been disconnected from
741 the build. The full list includes: codafs, hpfs, ntfs, nwfs,
742 portalfs, smbfs, xfs.
745 The interface cloning API and ABI has changed. The following
746 modules need to be recompiled together with kernel:
747 ipfw(4), pfsync(4), pflog(4), usb(4), wlan(4), stf(4),
748 vlan(4), disc(4), edsc(4), if_bridge(4), gif(4), tap(4),
749 faith(4), epair(4), enc(4), tun(4), if_lagg(4), gre(4).
752 The sdhci driver was split in two parts: sdhci (generic SD Host
753 Controller logic) and sdhci_pci (actual hardware driver).
754 No kernel config modifications are required, but if you
755 load sdhc as a module you must switch to sdhci_pci instead.
758 Import the FUSE kernel and userland support into base system.
761 The GNU sort(1) program has been removed since the BSD-licensed
762 sort(1) has been the default for quite some time and no serious
763 problems have been reported. The corresponding WITH_GNU_SORT
767 The pfil(9) API/ABI for AF_INET family has been changed. Packet
768 filtering modules: pf(4), ipfw(4), ipfilter(4) need to be recompiled
772 The net80211(4) ABI has been changed to allow for improved driver
773 PS-POLL and power-save support. All wireless drivers need to be
774 recompiled to work with the new kernel.
777 The random(4) support for the VIA hardware random number
778 generator (`PADLOCK') is no longer enabled unconditionally.
779 Add the padlock_rng device in the custom kernel config if
780 needed. The GENERIC kernels on i386 and amd64 do include the
781 device, so the change only affects the custom kernel
785 The pf(4) packet filter ABI has been changed. pfctl(8) and
786 snmp_pf module need to be recompiled to work with new kernel.
789 A new ZFS feature flag "com.delphix:empty_bpobj" has been merged
790 to -HEAD. Pools that have empty_bpobj in active state can not be
791 imported read-write with ZFS implementations that do not support
792 this feature. For more information read the zpool-features(5)
796 The sparc64 ZFS loader has been changed to no longer try to auto-
797 detect ZFS providers based on diskN aliases but now requires these
798 to be explicitly listed in the OFW boot-device environment variable.
801 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.1c. Any binaries requiring
802 libcrypto.so.6 or libssl.so.6 must be recompiled. Also, there are
803 configuration changes. Make sure to merge /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf.
806 The following sysctls and tunables have been renamed for consistency
807 with other variables:
808 kern.cam.da.da_send_ordered -> kern.cam.da.send_ordered
809 kern.cam.ada.ada_send_ordered -> kern.cam.ada.send_ordered
812 The sort utility has been replaced with BSD sort. For now, GNU sort
813 is also available as "gnusort" or the default can be set back to
814 GNU sort by setting WITH_GNU_SORT. In this case, BSD sort will be
815 installed as "bsdsort".
818 A new version of ZFS (pool version 5000) has been merged to -HEAD.
819 Starting with this version the old system of ZFS pool versioning
820 is superseded by "feature flags". This concept enables forward
821 compatibility against certain future changes in functionality of ZFS
822 pools. The first read-only compatible "feature flag" for ZFS pools
823 is named "com.delphix:async_destroy". For more information
824 read the new zpool-features(5) manual page.
825 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
826 on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
829 The malloc(3) implementation embedded in libc now uses sources imported
830 as contrib/jemalloc. The most disruptive API change is to
831 /etc/malloc.conf. If your system has an old-style /etc/malloc.conf,
832 delete it prior to installworld, and optionally re-create it using the
833 new format after rebooting. See malloc.conf(5) for details
834 (specifically the TUNING section and the "opt.*" entries in the MALLCTL
838 Big-endian MIPS TARGET_ARCH values no longer end in "eb". mips64eb
839 is now spelled mips64. mipsn32eb is now spelled mipsn32. mipseb is
840 now spelled mips. This is to aid compatibility with third-party
841 software that expects this naming scheme in uname(3). Little-endian
842 settings are unchanged. If you are updating a big-endian mips64 machine
843 from before this change, you may need to set MACHINE_ARCH=mips64 in
844 your environment before the new build system will recognize your machine.
847 Disable by default the option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE for all supported
851 Now unix domain sockets behave "as expected" on nullfs(5). Previously
852 nullfs(5) did not pass through all behaviours to the underlying layer,
853 as a result if we bound to a socket on the lower layer we could connect
854 only to the lower path; if we bound to the upper layer we could connect
855 only to the upper path. The new behavior is one can connect to both the
856 lower and the upper paths regardless what layer path one binds to.
859 The getifaddrs upgrade path broken with 20111215 has been restored.
860 If you have upgraded in between 20111215 and 20120209 you need to
861 recompile libc again with your kernel. You still need to recompile
862 world to be able to configure CARP but this restriction already
866 The set_rcvar() function has been removed from /etc/rc.subr. All
867 base and ports rc.d scripts have been updated, so if you have a
868 port installed with a script in /usr/local/etc/rc.d you can either
869 hand-edit the rcvar= line, or reinstall the port.
871 An easy way to handle the mass-update of /etc/rc.d:
872 rm /etc/rc.d/* && mergemaster -i
875 panic(9) now stops other CPUs in the SMP systems, disables interrupts
876 on the current CPU and prevents other threads from running.
877 This behavior can be reverted using the kern.stop_scheduler_on_panic
879 The new behavior can be incompatible with kern.sync_on_panic.
882 The carp(4) facility has been changed significantly. Configuration
883 of the CARP protocol via ifconfig(8) has changed, as well as format
884 of CARP events submitted to devd(8) has changed. See manual pages
885 for more information. The arpbalance feature of carp(4) is currently
886 not supported anymore.
888 Size of struct in_aliasreq, struct in6_aliasreq has changed. User
889 utilities using SIOCAIFADDR, SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, e.g. ifconfig(8),
890 need to be recompiled.
893 The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to
897 The option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE option has been added in order to
898 explicitely support non-MPSAFE filesystems.
899 It is on by default for all supported platform at this present
903 The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64,
904 i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files.
907 sysinstall has been removed
910 The stable/9 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the
911 RELENG_9 branch in CVS.
914 This commit modifies vfs_register() so that it uses a hash
915 calculation to set vfc_typenum, which is enabled by default.
916 The first time a system is booted after this change, the
917 vfc_typenum values will change for all file systems. The
918 main effect of this is a change to the NFS server file handles
919 for file systems that use vfc_typenum in their fsid, such as ZFS.
920 It will, however, prevent vfc_typenum from changing when file
921 systems are loaded in a different order for subsequent reboots.
922 To disable this, you can set vfs.typenumhash=0 in /boot/loader.conf
923 until you are ready to remount all NFS clients after a reboot.
926 Bump the shared library version numbers for libraries that
927 do not use symbol versioning, have changed the ABI compared
928 to stable/8 and which shared library version was not bumped.
929 Done as part of 9.0-RELEASE cycle.
932 During the merge of Capsicum features, the fget(9) KPI was modified.
933 This may require the rebuilding of out-of-tree device drivers --
934 issues have been reported specifically with the nVidia device driver.
935 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 900041.
937 Also, there is a period between 20110811 and 20110814 where the
938 special devices /dev/{stdin,stdout,stderr} did not work correctly.
939 Building world from a kernel during that window may not work.
942 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 4.5.
943 You need to update userland tools to be in sync with kernel.
944 This update breaks backward compatibility with earlier pfsync(4)
945 versions. Care must be taken when updating redundant firewall setups.
948 The following sysctls and tunables are retired on x86 platforms:
950 machdep.hlt_logical_cpus
951 The following sysctl is retired:
952 machdep.hyperthreading_allowed
953 The sysctls were supposed to provide a way to dynamically offline and
954 online selected CPUs on x86 platforms, but the implementation has not
955 been reliable especially with SCHED_ULE scheduler.
956 machdep.hyperthreading_allowed tunable is still available to ignore
957 hyperthreading CPUs at OS level.
958 Individual CPUs can be disabled using hint.lapic.X.disabled tunable,
959 where X is an APIC ID of a CPU. Be advised, though, that disabling
960 CPUs in non-uniform fashion will result in non-uniform topology and
961 may lead to sub-optimal system performance with SCHED_ULE, which is
965 cpumask_t type is retired and cpuset_t is used in order to describe
969 Changes to ifconfig(8) for dynamic address family detection mandate
970 that you are running a kernel of 20110525 or later. Make sure to
971 follow the update procedure to boot a new kernel before installing
975 Support for sun4v architecture is officially dropped
978 Several KPI breaking changes have been committed to the mii(4) layer,
979 the PHY drivers and consequently some Ethernet drivers using mii(4).
980 This means that miibus.ko and the modules of the affected Ethernet
981 drivers need to be recompiled.
983 Note to kernel developers: Given that the OUI bit reversion problem
984 was fixed as part of these changes all mii(4) commits related to OUIs,
985 i.e. to sys/dev/mii/miidevs, PHY driver probing and vendor specific
986 handling, no longer can be merged verbatim to stable/8 and previous
990 Users of the Atheros AR71xx SoC code now need to add 'device ar71xx_pci'
991 into their kernel configurations along with 'device pci'.
994 The default NFS client is now the new NFS client, so fstype "newnfs"
995 is now "nfs" and the regular/old NFS client is now fstype "oldnfs".
996 Although mounts via fstype "nfs" will usually work without userland
997 changes, it is recommended that the mount(8) and mount_nfs(8)
998 commands be rebuilt from sources and that a link to mount_nfs called
999 mount_oldnfs be created. The new client is compiled into the
1000 kernel with "options NFSCL" and this is needed for diskless root
1001 file systems. The GENERIC kernel configs have been changed to use
1002 NFSCL and NFSD (the new server) instead of NFSCLIENT and NFSSERVER.
1003 To use the regular/old client, you can "mount -t oldnfs ...". For
1004 a diskless root file system, you must also include a line like:
1006 vfs.root.mountfrom="oldnfs:"
1008 in the boot/loader.conf on the root fs on the NFS server to make
1009 a diskless root fs use the old client.
1012 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new
1013 CAM-based ATA stack. It means that all legacy ATA drivers were
1014 removed and replaced by respective CAM drivers. If you are using
1015 ATA device names in /etc/fstab or other places, make sure to update
1016 them respectively (adX -> adaY, acdX -> cdY, afdX -> daY, astX -> saY,
1017 where 'Y's are the sequential numbers starting from zero for each type
1018 in order of detection, unless configured otherwise with tunables,
1019 see cam(4)). There will be symbolic links created in /dev/ to map
1020 old adX devices to the respective adaY. They should provide basic
1021 compatibility for file systems mounting in most cases, but they do
1022 not support old user-level APIs and do not have respective providers
1023 in GEOM. Consider using updated management tools with new device names.
1025 It is possible to load devices ahci, ata, siis and mvs as modules,
1026 but option ATA_CAM should remain in kernel configuration to make ata
1027 module work as CAM driver supporting legacy ATA controllers. Device ata
1028 still can be used in modular fashion (atacore + ...). Modules atadisk
1029 and atapi* are not used and won't affect operation in ATA_CAM mode.
1030 Note that to use CAM-based ATA kernel should include CAM devices
1031 scbus, pass, da (or explicitly ada), cd and optionally others. All of
1032 them are parts of the cam module.
1034 ataraid(4) functionality is now supported by the RAID GEOM class.
1035 To use it you can load geom_raid kernel module and use graid(8) tool
1036 for management. Instead of /dev/arX device names, use /dev/raid/rX.
1038 No kernel config options or code have been removed, so if a problem
1039 arises, please report it and optionally revert to the old ATA stack.
1040 In order to do it you can remove from the kernel config:
1045 , and instead add back:
1046 device atadisk # ATA disk drives
1047 device ataraid # ATA RAID drives
1048 device atapicd # ATAPI CDROM drives
1049 device atapifd # ATAPI floppy drives
1050 device atapist # ATAPI tape drives
1053 The default NFS server has been changed to the new server, which
1054 was referred to as the experimental server. If you need to switch
1055 back to the old NFS server, you must now put the "-o" option on
1056 both the mountd and nfsd commands. This can be done using the
1057 mountd_flags and nfs_server_flags rc.conf variables until an
1058 update to the rc scripts is committed, which is coming soon.
1061 The GNU Objective-C runtime library (libobjc), and other Objective-C
1062 related components have been removed from the base system. If you
1063 require an Objective-C library, please use one of the available ports.
1066 ath(4) has been split into bus- and device- modules. if_ath contains
1067 the HAL, the TX rate control and the network device code. if_ath_pci
1068 contains the PCI bus glue. For Atheros MIPS embedded systems, if_ath_ahb
1069 contains the AHB glue. Users need to load both if_ath_pci and if_ath
1070 in order to use ath on everything else.
1072 TO REPEAT: if_ath_ahb is not needed for normal users. Normal users only
1073 need to load if_ath and if_ath_pci for ath(4) operation.
1076 As part of the replacement of sysinstall, the process of building
1077 release media has changed significantly. For details, please re-read
1078 release(7), which has been updated to reflect the new build process.
1081 GNU binutils 2.17.50 (as of 2007-07-03) has been merged to -HEAD. This
1082 is the last available version under GPLv2. It brings a number of new
1083 features, such as support for newer x86 CPU's (with SSE-3, SSSE-3, SSE
1084 4.1 and SSE 4.2), better support for powerpc64, a number of new
1085 directives, and lots of other small improvements. See the ChangeLog
1086 file in contrib/binutils for the full details.
1089 IPsec's HMAC_SHA256-512 support has been fixed to be RFC4868
1090 compliant, and will now use half of hash for authentication.
1091 This will break interoperability with all stacks (including all
1092 actual FreeBSD versions) who implement
1093 draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00 (they use 96 bits of hash for
1095 The only workaround with such peers is to use another HMAC
1096 algorithm for IPsec ("phase 2") authentication.
1099 Remove the uio_yield prototype and symbol. This function has
1100 been misnamed since it was introduced and should not be
1101 globally exposed with this name. The equivalent functionality
1102 is now available using kern_yield(curthread->td_user_pri).
1103 The function remains undocumented.
1106 A SYSCTL_[ADD_]UQUAD was added for unsigned uint64_t pointers,
1107 symmetric with the existing SYSCTL_[ADD_]QUAD. Type checking
1108 for scalar sysctls is defined but disabled. Code that needs
1109 UQUAD to pass the type checking that must compile on older
1110 systems where the define is not present can check against
1111 __FreeBSD_version >= 900030.
1113 The system dialog(1) has been replaced with a new version previously
1114 in ports as devel/cdialog. dialog(1) is mostly command-line compatible
1115 with the previous version, but the libdialog associated with it has
1116 a largely incompatible API. As such, the original version of libdialog
1117 will be kept temporarily as libodialog, until its base system consumers
1118 are replaced or updated. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900030.
1121 If you are trying to run make universe on a -stable system, and you get
1122 the following warning:
1123 "Makefile", line 356: "Target architecture for i386/conf/GENERIC
1124 unknown. config(8) likely too old."
1125 or something similar to it, then you must upgrade your -stable system
1126 to 8.2-Release or newer (really, any time after r210146 7/15/2010 in
1127 stable/8) or build the config from the latest stable/8 branch and
1128 install it on your system.
1130 Prior to this date, building a current universe on 8-stable system from
1131 between 7/15/2010 and 1/2/2011 would result in a weird shell parsing
1132 error in the first kernel build phase. A new config on those old
1133 systems will fix that problem for older versions of -current.
1136 The TCP stack has been modified to allow Khelp modules to interact with
1137 it via helper hook points and store per-connection data in the TCP
1138 control block. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900029. User space tools that
1139 rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to
1143 Generic IEEE 802.3 annex 31B full duplex flow control support has been
1144 added to mii(4) and bge(4), bce(4), msk(4), nfe(4) and stge(4) along
1145 with brgphy(4), e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy() have been converted
1146 to take advantage of it instead of using custom implementations. This
1147 means that these drivers now no longer unconditionally advertise
1148 support for flow control but only do so if flow control is a selected
1149 media option. This was implemented in the generic support that way in
1150 order to allow flow control to be switched on and off via ifconfig(8)
1151 with the PHY specific default to typically off in order to protect
1152 from unwanted effects. Consequently, if you used flow control with
1153 one of the above mentioned drivers you now need to explicitly enable
1154 it, for example via:
1155 ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol
1157 Along with the above mentioned changes generic support for setting
1158 1000baseT master mode also has been added and brgphy(4), ciphy(4),
1159 e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy(4) have been converted to take
1160 advantage of it. This means that these drivers now no longer take the
1161 link0 parameter for selecting master mode but the master media option
1162 has to be used instead, for example like in the following:
1163 ifconfig bge0 media 1000baseT mediaopt full-duplex,master
1165 Selection of master mode now is also available with all other PHY
1166 drivers supporting 1000baseT.
1169 The TCP stack has received a significant update to add support for
1170 modularised congestion control and generally improve the clarity of
1171 congestion control decisions. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900025. User
1172 space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g.
1173 sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1176 The man(1) utility has been replaced by a new version that no longer
1177 uses /etc/manpath.config. Please consult man.conf(5) for how to
1178 migrate local entries to the new format.
1181 The copyright strings printed by login(1) and sshd(8) at the time of a
1182 new connection have been removed to follow other operating systems and
1186 A workaround for a fixed ld bug has been removed in kernel code,
1187 so make sure that your system ld is built from sources after
1188 revision 210245 from 2010-07-19 (r211583 if building head kernel
1189 on stable/8, r211584 for stable/7; both from 2010-08-21).
1190 A symptom of incorrect ld version is different addresses for
1191 set_pcpu section and __start_set_pcpu symbol in kernel and/or modules.
1194 The $ipv6_prefer variable in rc.conf(5) has been split into
1195 $ip6addrctl_policy and $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces.
1197 The $ip6addrctl_policy is a variable to choose a pre-defined
1198 address selection policy set by ip6addrctl(8). A value
1199 "ipv4_prefer", "ipv6_prefer" or "AUTO" can be specified. The
1202 The $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces specifies whether IFDISABLED
1203 flag (see an entry of 20090926) is set on an interface with no
1204 corresponding $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 line. The default is "NO" for
1205 security reason. If you want IPv6 link-local address on all
1206 interfaces by default, set this to "YES".
1208 The old ipv6_prefer="YES" is equivalent to
1209 ipv6_activate_all_interfaces="YES" and
1210 ip6addrctl_policy="ipv6_prefer".
1213 DTrace has grown support for userland tracing. Due to this, DTrace is
1214 now i386 and amd64 only.
1215 dtruss(1) is now installed by default on those systems and a new
1216 kernel module is needed for userland tracing: fasttrap.
1217 No changes to your kernel config file are necessary to enable
1218 userland tracing, but you might consider adding 'STRIP=' and
1219 'CFLAGS+=-fno-omit-frame-pointer' to your make.conf if you want
1220 to have informative userland stack traces in DTrace (ustack).
1223 The acpi_aiboost(4) driver has been removed in favor of the new
1224 aibs(4) driver. You should update your kernel configuration file.
1227 BSD grep has been imported to the base system and it is built by
1228 default. It is completely BSD licensed, highly GNU-compatible, uses
1229 less memory than its GNU counterpart and has a small codebase.
1230 However, it is slower than its GNU counterpart, which is mostly
1231 noticeable for larger searches, for smaller ones it is measurable
1232 but not significant. The reason is complex, the most important factor
1233 is that we lack a modern and efficient regex library and GNU
1234 overcomes this by optimizing the searches internally. Future work
1235 on improving the regex performance is planned, for the meantime,
1236 users that need better performance, can build GNU grep instead by
1237 setting the WITH_GNU_GREP knob.
1240 Due to the import of powerpc64 support, all existing powerpc kernel
1241 configuration files must be updated with a machine directive like this:
1242 machine powerpc powerpc
1244 In addition, an updated config(8) is required to build powerpc kernels
1248 A new version of ZFS (version 15) has been merged to -HEAD.
1249 This version uses a python library for the following subcommands:
1250 zfs allow, zfs unallow, zfs groupspace, zfs userspace.
1251 For full functionality of these commands the following port must
1252 be installed: sysutils/py-zfs
1255 'vm_page's are now hashed by physical address to an array of mutexes.
1256 Currently this is only used to serialize access to hold_count. Over
1257 time the page queue mutex will be peeled away. This changes the size
1258 of pmap on every architecture. And requires all callers of vm_page_hold
1259 and vm_page_unhold to be updated.
1262 WITH_CTF can now be specified in src.conf (not recommended, there
1263 are some problems with static executables), make.conf (would also
1264 affect ports which do not use GNU make and do not override the
1265 compile targets) or in the kernel config (via "makeoptions
1267 When WITH_CTF was specified there before this was silently ignored,
1268 so make sure that WITH_CTF is not used in places which could lead
1269 to unwanted behavior.
1272 The kernel option COMPAT_IA32 has been replaced with COMPAT_FREEBSD32
1273 to allow 32-bit compatibility on non-x86 platforms. All kernel
1274 configurations on amd64 and ia64 platforms using these options must
1275 be modified accordingly.
1278 The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx,
1279 the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX.
1280 Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match,
1281 making it practically impossible to support both interfaces.
1282 The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1),
1283 last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8).
1285 All applications in the base system use utmpx. This means only
1286 local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these
1287 utmp database files. These applications must be rebuilt to make
1290 After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old
1291 log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*),
1292 assuming their contents is of no importance anymore. Old wtmp
1293 databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have
1294 been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1).
1297 Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled
1298 via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the
1299 sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues.
1302 The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and
1303 rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed.
1304 According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc
1305 variables are obsoleted. Instead, the following new rc
1306 variables are added to rc.d/ipfw:
1308 firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6,
1309 firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6,
1310 firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6
1312 The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables.
1318 The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed
1319 from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98. This means
1320 that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct
1321 operation of applications on the console.
1323 The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using
1324 vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag. The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration
1325 options can be used to change the compile-time default back to
1328 To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment
1329 variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being
1330 performed by syscons(4).
1333 The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed.
1334 Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8))
1335 from net80211 need to be recompiled.
1337 Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world
1338 build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the
1342 The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series.
1343 There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw"
1344 to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware
1345 images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for
1346 your wireless card, use the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or
1350 The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated
1351 into rc.d/netif. The changes are the following:
1353 1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF
1354 for IPv4. For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used.
1355 Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head.
1357 Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not
1358 understand what you are doing. It is not needed in most cases.
1360 $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but
1363 2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete. Use $ipv6_prefer and
1364 "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead.
1366 If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and
1367 all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the
1368 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. These are for backward compatibility.
1370 3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added. If NO, IPv6
1371 functionality of interfaces with no corresponding
1372 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag,
1373 and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8)
1374 is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details).
1375 Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the
1376 disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by
1377 using ifconfig(8) like:
1379 ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled
1381 If YES, the default address selection policy is set as
1384 The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO.
1386 4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages,
1387 define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. The rc(8)
1388 scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes
1389 UP. The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC
1390 (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration).
1393 802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the
1394 previous code, which was based on D3.0.
1397 A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value
1398 of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to
1399 control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not.
1400 Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and
1401 a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value.
1402 The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags.
1405 ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for
1406 mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them.
1409 The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by
1410 hw.bus.devctl_queue. hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be
1411 replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0. The default for this new tunable
1415 Remove the option STOP_NMI. The default action is now to use NMI only
1416 for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and
1417 maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64.
1420 The stable/8 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the
1421 RELENG_8 branch in CVS.
1424 Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not
1425 use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle. Bump
1426 __FreeBSD_version to 800105.
1429 Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support,
1430 all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled. As this change
1431 breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104.
1434 The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove
1435 struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack.
1436 The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and
1437 needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks
1438 the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103.
1441 Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in
1442 <netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst
1443 maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump
1444 __FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of
1445 any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1448 The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel
1449 RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations
1450 may need to be adjusted.
1453 The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been
1454 removed. All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using
1455 routing sockets. The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced
1456 with routing sockets.
1459 The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook,
1460 FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under
1461 the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc.
1464 The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been
1465 changed. As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel
1466 options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7. Bump __FreeBSD_version to
1470 Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were
1471 moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled. Bump
1472 __FreeBSD_version to 800099.
1475 NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024
1476 respectively. As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used,
1477 no changes should be visible. When more than 16 groups are used, old
1478 binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with
1479 statically sized storage. Recompiling will work around this, but
1480 applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage
1481 for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's
1482 number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did.
1484 NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is
1485 truncated to 16. Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should
1486 take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported
1487 file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based
1488 authentication method is used.
1491 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced. This
1492 option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs
1493 which want to enable it. The lockinit() function now accepts the flag
1494 LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive
1495 spinning when both held in write and read mode.
1498 The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has
1499 changed. User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt.
1502 The layout of struct thread has changed. Kernel and modules need to
1506 The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed.
1507 Kernel modules need to be rebuilt. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097.
1510 window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be
1511 installed from ports. The port is called misc/window.
1514 The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has
1515 changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be
1519 A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8. Network
1520 file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be
1522 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096.
1525 Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no
1529 Add VOP_ACCESSX(9). File system modules need to be rebuilt.
1530 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094.
1533 Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'. File system modules need to be
1535 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093.
1538 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been
1539 introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic.
1540 The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags:
1541 SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has
1542 been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic.
1543 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092.
1546 Add support for hierarchical jails. Remove global securelevel.
1547 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091.
1550 The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules
1552 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090.
1555 The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please
1556 run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime.
1559 The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to
1560 hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases.
1563 802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed.
1564 Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead
1565 of DLT_IEEE802_11. No user-visible data structures were changed but
1566 applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes.
1567 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088.
1570 The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid,
1571 socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet,
1572 vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw. Most modules need to be rebuild or
1573 panics may be experienced. World rebuild is required for
1574 correctly checking networking state from userland.
1575 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085.
1578 MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged
1579 to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used.
1580 The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely
1581 follows the IPv4 implementation.
1583 For kernel developers:
1585 * The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and
1586 ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK,
1587 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex.
1589 * As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering
1590 of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport
1591 protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and
1592 SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6.
1594 * The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by
1595 the IPv4 stack, with the following differences:
1596 * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter().
1597 * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup()
1598 are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively.
1599 * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed.
1600 * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs
1601 for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to
1602 jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node
1603 multicast membership on-link.
1604 * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters
1605 its report transmissions. However, the 'timer' argument is
1606 preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface.
1608 * The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has
1609 been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4
1611 Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships
1612 internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new
1615 * There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope()
1616 acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output().
1617 Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an
1618 implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD.
1620 For application developers:
1622 * The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4
1625 * The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same
1626 socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported.
1628 * There are a number of issues with the implementation of various
1629 IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface
1630 before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland
1631 use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment.
1633 * The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM
1634 API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API
1635 using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information
1636 please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for
1637 Multicast Source Filters'.
1639 * Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine.
1641 For systems administrators:
1643 * The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in
1644 addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted
1645 as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility
1646 will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as
1647 returned by getifaddrs(3).
1649 * The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2
1650 endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3).
1652 * The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable
1653 loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1
1654 to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is
1655 recommended for optimal system performance.
1657 * The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl
1658 instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping
1659 back forwarded datagrams.
1661 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084.
1664 Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API.
1665 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083.
1668 The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new
1669 memory allocation types, has changed. Most modules will need to
1670 be rebuilt or panics may be experienced.
1671 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081.
1674 Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2.
1675 This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection
1676 state will require a world rebuild.
1677 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080.
1680 Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules
1681 embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled.
1682 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079.
1685 The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed.
1686 Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled.
1687 The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting
1688 of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful
1690 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078.
1693 Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and
1694 apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will
1695 re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with
1696 kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but
1697 not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when
1698 low level console functions (such as gets) are used while
1699 interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt,
1700 mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help.
1703 The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed;
1704 kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled.
1705 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075.
1708 GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices,
1709 replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It
1710 introduces some changes:
1712 MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries
1713 (EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks
1714 to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified.
1716 BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most
1717 cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with
1718 disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole
1719 top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users.
1721 General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices
1722 whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file
1723 systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than
1726 Most of these changes date approximately from 200812.
1729 The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows
1730 Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface
1731 (supported by sane).
1734 The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1)
1735 only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters.
1736 The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and
1737 ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically
1738 compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'.
1741 Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been
1742 removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no
1743 longer supported. In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device
1744 drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or
1748 POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and
1749 a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added.
1750 This means that some common libc messages are now localized and
1751 they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable.
1754 The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since
1755 support for Family 10 and Family 11 CPU families was added.
1758 IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged
1759 to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used.
1761 For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the
1762 ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(),
1763 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex.
1765 Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering
1766 inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source
1767 filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose.
1768 Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject
1769 multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve
1770 as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input()
1771 low-level input path. in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed
1772 to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel.
1774 For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of
1775 multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this
1776 will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back
1777 datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may
1778 be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1
1779 to preserve the existing behaviour.
1781 For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with
1782 multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended
1783 that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash
1784 collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the
1785 transport protocol input path to check group membership.
1787 If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches,
1788 it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain
1789 enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced
1792 The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be
1793 recompiled to reflect this.
1794 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070.
1797 libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system
1798 updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to
1799 update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to
1800 rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given
1801 in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for
1802 libusb are no longer required and can be removed.
1805 A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared
1806 memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures.
1807 Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member
1808 of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is
1809 wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly
1810 raised to allow such segments to be created.
1813 The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all
1814 network device driver modules.
1817 The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a
1818 buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20.
1821 The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and
1822 module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci,
1823 ums, ...). The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name
1824 with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed.
1825 Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still
1829 The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to
1830 defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have
1831 customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to
1835 xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not
1836 yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then
1838 Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off"
1839 to your ServerLayout section. This will cause X to use the configured
1840 kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf.
1843 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2
1844 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a
1845 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB
1846 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel
1847 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over,
1848 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi.
1850 Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be
1851 redirected to the new stack's libusb20. /etc/libmap.conf can
1853 # Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack
1854 libusb-0.1.so.8 libusb20.so.1
1857 All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN
1858 (eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often
1859 change usb chipsets in a product without notice.
1862 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave
1863 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified.
1864 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified
1865 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the
1869 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated.
1870 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled.
1873 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match
1874 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8)
1875 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is
1876 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security
1877 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case,
1878 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config.
1881 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel.
1882 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to
1883 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in
1884 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1887 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem.
1888 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated.
1889 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present
1890 in next mpd5.3 release.
1893 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of
1894 the base system (it was a port).
1897 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to
1898 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled.
1901 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite.
1902 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated.
1903 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit
1904 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland
1905 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly.
1906 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and
1907 none of the L2 information.
1910 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the
1911 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line:
1913 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416
1915 to their kernel config files when specifying:
1919 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled
1920 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now
1921 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips
1922 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details.
1925 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to
1926 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate
1927 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support
1928 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to
1929 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of
1933 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD.
1934 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by
1935 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots,
1936 and is the same as Solaris behavior.
1939 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled.
1942 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have
1943 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module
1944 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the
1945 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0
1946 controller add the following to loader.conf:
1952 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep
1953 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in
1957 atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA
1958 driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module.
1959 All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules:
1960 ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek,
1961 atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron,
1962 atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia,
1963 atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia
1966 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new
1967 implementation, which provides better scalability and an
1968 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to
1969 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following
1970 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer:
1973 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio
1979 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp
1981 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall
1982 cause compilation to fail.
1985 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5.
1988 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1.
1990 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA
1991 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this
1992 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over
1993 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown
1994 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should
1995 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before
1996 accepting the RSA key.
1998 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms"
1999 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh
2002 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for
2003 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to
2004 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this
2008 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64
2009 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the
2010 default serial port driver on those platforms as well.
2012 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver
2013 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the
2014 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0"
2015 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to
2016 use the new device names.
2018 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update
2019 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel.
2020 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints
2021 at the loader prompt:
2023 set hint.uart.0.at="isa"
2024 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8"
2025 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10"
2026 set hint.uart.0.irq="4"
2030 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition
2034 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2
2035 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries
2036 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and
2037 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list.
2040 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to
2041 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries.
2044 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables.
2045 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2).
2046 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version,
2047 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel
2048 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16).
2051 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss
2052 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device
2053 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are
2054 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files.
2055 For example, change:
2056 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP"
2059 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"
2060 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of
2061 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland
2062 and kernel wouldn't hurt either.
2064 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta
2065 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references
2066 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed.
2069 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level.
2070 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can
2071 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible
2072 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in
2073 other operation levels.
2076 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To
2077 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may
2078 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure
2079 compatibility with any prior release:
2081 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1
2082 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2
2083 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3
2086 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm
2087 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the
2088 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively,
2089 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1).
2090 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world
2094 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the
2095 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The
2096 split was done to make new features that are incompatible
2097 with older hardware easier to do.
2100 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4),
2101 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM.
2104 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for
2105 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS
2106 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your
2110 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting
2114 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate
2115 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope
2116 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved
2117 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries
2118 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take
2119 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some
2120 third-party software might fail to build after this change
2121 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about
2122 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed
2123 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree.
2124 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely
2125 case that a portable fix is impossible.
2128 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running
2129 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current
2130 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems.
2133 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its
2134 functionality is the default now.
2137 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on
2138 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun
2139 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have
2140 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven
2141 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.:
2143 Option "XkbLayout" "us"
2144 Option "XkbRules" "xorg"
2145 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us"
2148 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI
2149 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the
2150 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was
2151 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the
2152 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of
2153 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to
2154 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that
2155 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled
2156 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils
2157 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt
2161 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed
2162 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already
2163 used kproc_start()..
2164 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while
2165 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs.
2166 Renaming corresponds with version 800002.
2175 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are
2176 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with
2177 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there
2178 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This
2179 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
2180 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
2181 several months have passed on the -current branch).
2183 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2184 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2185 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2186 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2187 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2189 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best
2190 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first,
2191 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade
2192 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try
2193 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade.
2195 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2196 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2197 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2198 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2202 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2205 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2206 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2208 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2210 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
2211 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ad0:
2212 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0"
2214 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2218 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2219 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2220 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2222 make kernel-toolchain
2223 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2224 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2226 To test a kernel once
2227 ---------------------
2228 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2229 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2230 debugging information) run
2231 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2232 nextboot -k testkernel
2234 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up
2235 --------------------------------------------------------------
2236 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace
2237 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386",
2238 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc).
2240 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf
2241 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE
2242 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE
2247 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section.
2249 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2250 -----------------------------------------------------------
2251 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2252 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2254 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2256 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2258 <reboot in single user> [3]
2265 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2266 --------------------------------------------------
2267 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2268 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2269 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2272 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2275 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2276 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2277 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2278 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2279 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2280 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2281 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2282 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2283 <reboot into current>
2284 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2285 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2289 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2290 ----------------------------------------------
2291 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2293 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2295 <reboot in single user> [3]
2302 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2303 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2304 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2305 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2306 the UPDATING entries.
2308 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2309 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2310 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2311 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2312 much fewer pitfalls.
2314 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2315 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2318 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2323 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2324 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2325 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2327 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2328 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2329 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2330 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2331 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2332 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2333 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2335 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time
2336 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2337 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2338 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2339 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2340 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2342 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2343 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2344 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2346 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to
2347 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in
2348 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
2349 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is
2350 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on
2351 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
2353 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2354 last time you updated your kernel config file.
2356 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have
2357 cvs prune empty directories.
2359 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2360 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2361 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2363 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2364 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2365 warn if it is improperly defined.
2368 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2369 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2370 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since October 10, 2007.
2371 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2372 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2374 Copyright information:
2376 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved.
2378 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2379 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2380 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2382 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2383 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2384 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2385 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2386 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2387 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2388 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2389 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2390 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2391 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2392 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2394 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of