1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade.
14 NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
15 from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG to bootstrap to the tip of
16 stable/10, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process from
17 older version of current is a bit fragile.
19 20160604 p36 FreeBSD-SA-16:24.ntp
21 Fix multiple vulnerabilities of ntp.
23 20160531 p35 FreeBSD-SA-16:20.linux
24 FreeBSD-SA-16:21.43bsd
25 FreeBSD-SA-16:22.libarchive
27 Fix kernel stack disclosure in Linux compatibility layer. [SA-16:20]
28 Fix kernel stack disclosure in 4.3BSD compatibility layer. [SA-16:21]
29 Fix directory traversal in cpio(1). [SA-16:22]
31 20160517 p34 FreeBSD-SA-16:18.atkbd
32 FreeBSD-SA-16:19.sendmsg
34 Fix buffer overflow in keyboard driver. [SA-16:18]
36 Fix incorrect argument handling in sendmsg(2). [SA-16:19]
38 20160504 p33 FreeBSD-SA-16:17.openssl
41 Fix multiple OpenSSL vulnerabilitites. [SA-16:17]
43 Fix memory leak in ZFS. [EN-16:08]
45 20160429 p32 FreeBSD-SA-16:16.ntp
47 Fix multiple vulnerabilities of ntp.
49 20160316 p31 FreeBSD-SA-16:14.openssh-xauth
50 FreeBSD-SA-16:15.sysarch
51 FreeBSD-EN-16:04.hyperv
53 Fix OpenSSH xauth(1) command injection. [SA-16:14]
54 Fix incorrect argument validation in sysarch(2). [SA-16:15]
55 Fix Hyper-V KVP (Key-Value Pair) daemon indefinite sleep. [EN-16:04]
57 20160303 p30 FreeBSD-SA-16:12.openssl
59 Fix multiple vulnerabilities of OpenSSL.
61 20160130 p29 FreeBSD-SA-16:11.openssl
63 Fix OpenSSL SSLv2 ciphersuite downgrade vulnerability. [SA-16:11]
65 20160127 p28 FreeBSD-SA-16:09.ntp
66 FreeBSD-SA-16:10.linux
68 Fix multiple vulnerabilities of ntp. [SA-16:09]
70 Fix Linux compatibility layer issetugid(2) system call
71 vulnerability. [SA-16:10]
73 20160114 p27 FreeBSD-SA-16:07.openssh
75 Fix OpenSSH client information leak. [SA-16:07]
77 20160114 p26 FreeBSD-EN-16:02.pf
78 FreeBSD-EN-16:03.yplib
81 FreeBSD-SA-16:03.linux
82 FreeBSD-SA-16:04.linux
84 FreeBSD-SA-16:06.bsnmpd
86 Fix pf(4) generating bad TCP checksums. [EN-16:02]
87 Fix infinite loop in YP/NIS client library. [EN-16:03]
88 Fix remote denial of service in SCTP. [SA-16:01]
89 Update NTP to 4.2.8p5. [SA-16:02]
90 Fix kernel memory diclosure in Linux compatibility layer. [SA-16:03]
91 Fix kernel memory overwrite in Linux compatibility layer. [SA-16:04]
92 Fix crash in TCP MD5 signatures. [SA-16:05]
93 Fix insecure default permissions for snmpd.config. [SA-16:06]
95 20151205 p25 FreeBSD-SA-15:26.openssl
97 Fix multiple OpenSSL vulnerabilities. [SA-15:26]
99 20151104 p24 FreeBSD-SA-15:25.ntp [revised]
100 FreeBSD-EN-15:19.kqueue
103 Fix regression in ntpd(8) lacking support for RAWDCF reference
104 clock in 10.1-RELEASE-p23. [SA-15:25.ntp]
106 Fix kqueue write events never fired for files greater 2GB. [EN-15:19]
108 Fix applications exiting due to segmentation violation on a correct
109 memory address. [EN-15:20]
111 20151026: p23 FreeBSD-SA-15:25.ntp
113 Fix multiple NTP vulnerabilities. New NTP version is 4.2.8p4.
115 The configuration file syntax has been changed, thus mergemaster
116 run is recommended. Now the "kod" parameter requires "limited"
117 parameter. If the ntp.conf is not updated, the ntpd will run
118 successfully, but with KoD disabled.
120 20151002: p22 FreeBSD-SA-15:24.rpcbind [revised]
121 Revised patch to address a regression that prevents NIS from working.
123 20150929: p21 FreeBSD-SA-15:24.rpcbind
125 Fix rpcbind(8) remote denial of service. [SA-15:24]
127 20150916: p20 FreeBSD-EN-15:18.pkg
129 Implement pubkey support for pkg(7) bootstrap. [EN-15:18]
131 20150825: p19 FreeBSD-SA-15:21.amd64
132 FreeBSD-SA-15:22.openssh
133 FreeBSD-EN-15:14.ixgbe
136 Fix local privilege escalation in IRET handler. [SA-15:21]
138 Fix OpenSSH multiple vulnerabilities. [SA-15:22]
140 Disabled ixgbe(4) flow-director support. [EN-15:14]
142 Fix insufficient check of unsupported pkg(7) signature methods.
145 20150818: p18 FreeBSD-SA-15:20.expat
147 Fix multiple integer overflows in expat (libbsdxml) XML parser.
150 20150805: p17 FreeBSD-SA-15:18.bsdpatch
151 FreeBSD-SA-15:19.routed
153 Fix patch(1) shell injection vulnerability via ed(1).
156 Fix routed remote denial of service vulnerability. [SA-15:19]
158 20150728: p16 FreeBSD-SA-15:14.bsdpatch
160 FreeBSD-SA-15:16.openssh
162 Fix patch(1) shell injection vulnerability. [SA-15:14]
164 Fix resource exhaustion in TCP reassembly. [SA-15:15]
166 Fix OpenSSH multiple vulnerabilities. [SA-15:16]
168 20150721: p15 FreeBSD-SA-15:13.tcp
170 Fix resource exhaustion due to sessions stuck in LAST_ACK state.
173 20150630: p14 FreeBSD-EN-15:08.sendmail [revised]
174 FreeBSD-EN-15:09.xlocale
175 FreeBSD-EN-15:10.iconv
177 Improvements to sendmail TLS/DH interoperability. [EN-15:08]
179 Fix inconsistency between locale and rune locale states.
182 Improved iconv(3) UTF-7 support. [EN-15:10]
184 20150618: p13 FreeBSD-EN-15:08.sendmail
185 Improvements to sendmail TLS/DH interoperability. [EN-15:08]
187 20150612: p12 FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
188 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL. [SA-15:10]
190 20150609: p11 FreeBSD-EN-15:06.file
193 Updated base system file(1) to 5.22 to address multiple denial
194 of service issues. [EN-15:06]
196 Improved reliability of ZFS when TRIM/UNMAP and/or L2ARC is used.
199 20150513: p10 FreeBSD-EN-15:04.freebsd-update
202 Fix bug with freebsd-update(8) that does not ensure the previous
203 upgrade was completed. [EN-15:04]
205 Fix deadlock on reboot with UFS tuned with SU+J. [EN-15:05]
207 20150407: p9 FreeBSD-SA-15:04.igmp [revised]
209 FreeBSD-SA-15:08.bsdinstall
210 FreeBSD-SA-15:09.ipv6
212 Improved patch for SA-15:04.igmp.
214 Fix multiple vulnerabilities of ntp. [SA-15:07]
216 Fix bsdinstall(8) insecure default GELI keyfile permissions. [SA-15:08]
218 Fix Denial of Service with IPv6 Router Advertisements. [SA-15:09]
221 Fix patch for SA-15:06.openssl.
223 20150319: p7 FreeBSD-SA-15:06.openssl
224 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL. [SA-15:06]
226 20150225: p6 FreeBSD-SA-15:04.igmp
228 FreeBSD-EN-15:02.openssl
229 FreeBSD-EN-15:03.freebsd-update
231 Fix integer overflow in IGMP protocol. [SA-15:04]
233 Fix vt(4) crash with improper ioctl parameters. [EN-15:01]
235 Updated base system OpenSSL to 1.0.1l. [EN-15:02]
237 Fix freebsd-update libraries update ordering issue. [EN-15:03]
239 20150127: p5 FreeBSD-SA-15:02.kmem
240 FreeBSD-SA-15:03.sctp
242 Fix SCTP SCTP_SS_VALUE kernel memory corruption and disclosure
243 vulnerability. [SA-15:02]
245 Fix SCTP stream reset vulnerability. [SA-15:03]
247 20150114: p4 FreeBSD-SA-15:01.openssl
248 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL. [SA-15:01]
250 20141223: p3 FreeBSD-SA-14:31.ntp
251 FreeBSD-EN-14:13.freebsd-update
253 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in NTP suite. [SA-14:31]
254 Fix directory deletion issue in freebsd-update. [EN-14:13]
256 20141217: p2 FreeBSD-SA-14:30.unbound
257 Fix unbound remote denial of service vulnerability.
259 20141210: p1 FreeBSD-SA-14:27.stdio
260 FreeBSD-SA-14:28.file
262 Fix buffer overflow in stdio. [SA-14:27]
264 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in file(1) and libmagic(3).
268 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
269 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all of physical memory. This
270 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
271 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
275 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
276 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
277 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
278 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
279 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
280 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
281 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
284 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
285 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
286 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
289 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
290 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
291 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
292 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
293 be removed during a clean upgrade.
296 The ixgbe tunables now match their sysctl counterparts, for example:
297 hw.ixgbe.enable_aim => hw.ix.enable_aim
298 Anyone using ixgbe tunables should ensure they update /boot/loader.conf.
301 The NFSv4.1 server committed by r269398 changes the internal
302 function call interfaces used between the NFS and krpc modules.
303 As such, __FreeBSD_version was bumped.
306 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
307 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
308 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
309 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
310 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
314 It is no longer necessary to include the dwarf version in your DEBUG
315 options in your kernel config file. The bug that required it to be
316 placed in the config file has bene fixed. DEBUG should now just
317 contain -g. The build system will automatically update things
318 to do the right thing.
321 Several ABI breaking changes were merged to CTL and new iSCSI code.
322 All CTL and iSCSI-related tools, such as ctladm, ctld, iscsid and
323 iscsictl need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
326 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
327 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
328 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
331 On i386 and amd64 systems, the onifconsole flag is now set by default
332 in /etc/ttys for ttyu0. This causes ttyu0 to be automatically enabled
333 as a login TTY if it is set in the bootloader as an active kernel
334 console. No changes in behavior should result otherwise. To revert to
335 the previous behavior, set ttyu0 to "off" in /etc/ttys.
338 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
341 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
344 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
345 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
346 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
347 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
348 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
349 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
352 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
353 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
354 kernel is still highly recommended.
357 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
358 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
359 capability mode support in kernel.
362 The nve(4) driver for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters has
363 been deprecated and will not be part of FreeBSD 11.0 and later
364 releases. If you use this driver, please consider switching to
365 the nfe(4) driver instead.
371 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
372 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
373 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
374 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
375 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
376 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
377 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
378 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
379 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000701.
382 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
383 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
384 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
385 should change your settings to use the latter.
388 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
389 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
390 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
391 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
392 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
395 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
396 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
397 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
399 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
401 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
404 The rc.d/jail script has been updated to support jail(8)
405 configuration file. The "jail_<jname>_*" rc.conf(5) variables
406 for per-jail configuration are automatically converted to
407 /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf before the jail(8) utility is invoked.
408 This is transparently backward compatible. See below about some
409 incompatibilities and rc.conf(5) manual page for more details.
411 These variables are now deprecated in favor of jail(8) configuration
412 file. One can use "rc.d/jail config <jname>" command to generate
413 a jail(8) configuration file in /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf without
414 running the jail(8) utility. The default pathname of the
415 configuration file is /etc/jail.conf and can be specified by
416 using $jail_conf or $jail_<jname>_conf variables.
418 Please note that jail_devfs_ruleset accepts an integer at
419 this moment. Please consider to rewrite the ruleset name
423 BIND has been removed from the base system. If all you need
424 is a local resolver, simply enable and start the local_unbound
425 service instead. Otherwise, several versions of BIND are
426 available in the ports tree. The dns/bind99 port is one example.
428 With this change, nslookup(1) and dig(1) are no longer in the base
429 system. Users should instead use host(1) and drill(1) which are
430 in the base system. Alternatively, nslookup and dig can
431 be obtained by installing the dns/bind-tools port.
434 With the addition of unbound(8), a new unbound user is now
435 required during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to
436 add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
439 OpenSSH is now built with DNSSEC support, and will by default
440 silently trust signed SSHFP records. This can be controlled with
441 the VerifyHostKeyDNS client configuration setting. DNSSEC support
442 can be disabled entirely with the WITHOUT_LDNS option in src.conf.
445 The GNU Compiler Collection and C++ standard library (libstdc++)
446 are no longer built by default on platforms where clang is the system
447 compiler. You can enable them with the WITH_GCC and WITH_GNUCXX
451 The PROCDESC kernel option is now part of the GENERIC kernel
452 configuration and is required for the rwhod(8) to work.
453 If you are using custom kernel configuration, you should include
457 The API and ABI related to the Capsicum framework was modified
458 in backward incompatible way. The userland libraries and programs
459 have to be recompiled to work with the new kernel. This includes the
460 following libraries and programs, but the whole buildworld is
461 advised: libc, libprocstat, dhclient, tcpdump, hastd, hastctl,
462 kdump, procstat, rwho, rwhod, uniq.
465 AES-NI intrinsic support has been added to gcc. The AES-NI module
466 has been updated to use this support. A new gcc is required to build
467 the aesni module on both i386 and amd64.
470 The PADLOCK_RNG and RDRAND_RNG kernel options are now devices.
471 Thus "device padlock_rng" and "device rdrand_rng" should be
472 used instead of "options PADLOCK_RNG" & "options RDRAND_RNG".
475 WITH_ICONV has been split into two feature sets. WITH_ICONV now
476 enables just the iconv* functionality and is now on by default.
477 WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT enables the libiconv api and link time
478 compatability. Set WITHOUT_ICONV to build the old way.
479 If you have been using WITH_ICONV before, you will very likely
480 need to turn on WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT.
483 INVARIANTS option now enables DEBUG for code with OpenSolaris and
484 Illumos origin, including ZFS. If you have INVARIANTS in your
485 kernel configuration, then there is no need to set DEBUG or ZFS_DEBUG
487 DEBUG used to enable witness(9) tracking of OpenSolaris (mostly ZFS)
488 locks if WITNESS option was set. Because that generated a lot of
489 witness(9) reports and all of them were believed to be false
490 positives, this is no longer done. New option OPENSOLARIS_WITNESS
491 can be used to achieve the previous behavior.
494 Timer values in IPv6 data structures now use time_uptime instead
495 of time_second. Although this is not a user-visible functional
496 change, userland utilities which directly use them---ndp(8),
497 rtadvd(8), and rtsold(8) in the base system---need to be updated
501 find -delete can now delete the pathnames given as arguments,
502 instead of only files found below them or if the pathname did
503 not contain any slashes. Formerly, the following error message
506 find: -delete: <path>: relative path potentially not safe
508 Deleting the pathnames given as arguments can be prevented
509 without error messages using -mindepth 1 or by changing
510 directory and passing "." as argument to find. This works in the
511 old as well as the new version of find.
514 Behavior of devfs rules path matching has been changed.
515 Pattern is now always matched against fully qualified devfs
516 path and slash characters must be explicitly matched by
517 slashes in pattern (FNM_PATHNAME). Rulesets involving devfs
518 subdirectories must be reviewed.
521 The default ARM ABI has changed to the ARM EABI. The old ABI is
522 incompatible with the ARM EABI and all programs and modules will
523 need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
525 To keep using the old ABI ensure the WITHOUT_ARM_EABI knob is set.
527 NOTE: Support for the old ABI will be removed in the future and
528 users are advised to upgrade.
531 pkg_install has been disconnected from the build if you really need it
532 you should add WITH_PKGTOOLS in your src.conf(5).
535 Most of network statistics structures were changed to be able
536 keep 64-bits counters. Thus all tools, that work with networking
537 statistics, must be rebuilt (netstat(1), bsnmpd(1), etc.)
540 Fix targets that run multiple make's to use && rather than ;
541 so that subsequent steps depend on success of previous.
543 NOTE: if building 'universe' with -j* on stable/8 or stable/9
544 it would be better to start the build using bmake, to avoid
545 overloading the machine.
548 Fix a bug that allowed a tracing process (e.g. gdb) to write
549 to a memory-mapped file in the traced process's address space
550 even if neither the traced process nor the tracing process had
551 write access to that file.
554 CVS has been removed from the base system. An exact copy
555 of the code is available from the devel/cvs port.
558 Some people report the following error after the switch to bmake:
560 make: illegal option -- J
561 usage: make [-BPSXeiknpqrstv] [-C directory] [-D variable]
563 *** [buildworld] Error code 2
565 this likely due to an old instance of make in
566 ${MAKEPATH} (${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}/make.${MACHINE})
567 which src/Makefile will use that blindly, if it exists, so if
568 you see the above error:
570 rm -rf `make -V MAKEPATH`
575 Use bmake by default.
576 Whereas before one could choose to build with bmake via
577 -DWITH_BMAKE one must now use -DWITHOUT_BMAKE to use the old
578 make. The goal is to remove these knobs for 10-RELEASE.
580 It is worth noting that bmake (like gmake) treats the command
581 line as the unit of failure, rather than statements within the
582 command line. Thus '(cd some/where && dosomething)' is safer
583 than 'cd some/where; dosomething'. The '()' allows consistent
584 behavior in parallel build.
587 Fix a bug that allows NFS clients to issue READDIR on files.
590 The WITHOUT_IDEA option has been removed because
591 the IDEA patent expired.
594 The sysctl which controls TRIM support under ZFS has been renamed
595 from vfs.zfs.trim_disable -> vfs.zfs.trim.enabled and has been
599 The mergemaster command now uses the default MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
600 rather than creating it's own in the temporary directory in
601 order allow access to bootstrapped versions of tools such as
602 install and mtree. When upgrading from version of FreeBSD where
603 the install command does not support -l, you will need to
604 install a new mergemaster command if mergemaster -p is required.
605 This can be accomplished with the command (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster
609 Legacy ATA stack, disabled and replaced by new CAM-based one since
610 FreeBSD 9.0, completely removed from the sources. Kernel modules
611 atadisk and atapi*, user-level tools atacontrol and burncd are
612 removed. Kernel option `options ATA_CAM` is now permanently enabled
616 SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK flags have been added to socket(2)
617 and socketpair(2). Software, in particular Kerberos, may
618 automatically detect and use these during building. The resulting
619 binaries will not work on older kernels.
622 CTL_DISABLE has also been added to the sparc64 GENERIC (for further
623 information, see the respective 20130304 entry).
626 Recent commits to callout(9) changed the size of struct callout,
627 so the KBI is probably heavily disturbed. Also, some functions
628 in callout(9)/sleep(9)/sleepqueue(9)/condvar(9) KPIs were replaced
629 by macros. Every kernel module using it won't load, so rebuild
632 The ctl device has been re-enabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64,
633 but does not initialize by default (because of the new CTL_DISABLE
634 option) to save memory. To re-enable it, remove the CTL_DISABLE
635 option from the kernel config file or set kern.cam.ctl.disable=0
636 in /boot/loader.conf.
639 The ctl device has been disabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64.
640 This was done due to the extra memory being allocated at system
641 initialisation time by the ctl driver which was only used if
642 a CAM target device was created. This makes a FreeBSD system
643 unusable on 128MB or less of RAM.
646 A new compression method (lz4) has been merged to -HEAD. Please
647 refer to zpool-features(7) for more information.
649 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
650 on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
653 A BSD-licensed patch(1) variant has been added and is installed
654 as bsdpatch, being the GNU version the default patch.
655 To inverse the logic and use the BSD-licensed one as default,
656 while having the GNU version installed as gnupatch, rebuild
657 and install world with the WITH_BSD_PATCH knob set.
660 Due to the use of the new -l option to install(1) during build
661 and install, you must take care not to directly set the INSTALL
662 make variable in your /etc/make.conf, /etc/src.conf, or on the
663 command line. If you wish to use the -C flag for all installs
664 you may be able to add INSTALL+=-C to /etc/make.conf or
668 The install(1) option -M has changed meaning and now takes an
669 argument that is a file or path to append logs to. In the
670 unlikely event that -M was the last option on the command line
671 and the command line contained at least two files and a target
672 directory the first file will have logs appended to it. The -M
673 option served little practical purpose in the last decade so its
674 use is expected to be extremely rare.
677 After switching to Clang as the default compiler some users of ZFS
678 on i386 systems started to experience stack overflow kernel panics.
679 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=4' in such configurations.
682 GEOM_LABEL now mangles label names read from file system metadata.
683 Mangling affect labels containing spaces, non-printable characters,
684 '%' or '"'. Device names in /etc/fstab and other places may need to
688 By default, only the 10 most recent kernel dumps will be saved. To
689 restore the previous behaviour (no limit on the number of kernel dumps
690 stored in the dump directory) add the following line to /etc/rc.conf:
695 With the addition of auditdistd(8), a new auditdistd user is now
696 required during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to
697 add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
700 The sin6_scope_id member variable in struct sockaddr_in6 is now
701 filled by the kernel before passing the structure to the userland via
702 sysctl or routing socket. This means the KAME-specific embedded scope
703 id in sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] is always cleared in userland application.
704 This behavior can be controlled by net.inet6.ip6.deembed_scopeid.
705 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000025.
708 On i386 and amd64 systems WITH_CLANG_IS_CC is now the default.
709 This means that the world and kernel will be compiled with clang
710 and that clang will be installed as /usr/bin/cc, /usr/bin/c++,
711 and /usr/bin/cpp. To disable this behavior and revert to building
712 with gcc, compile with WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC. Really old versions
713 of current may need to bootstrap WITHOUT_CLANG first if the clang
714 build fails (its compatibility window doesn't extend to the 9 stable
718 The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option has been removed. Its
719 functionality now turned on by default.
722 The ZERO_COPY_SOCKET kernel option has been removed and
723 split into SOCKET_SEND_COW and SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP.
724 NB: SOCKET_SEND_COW uses the VM page based copy-on-write
725 mechanism which is not safe and may result in kernel crashes.
726 NB: The SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP mechanism is useless as no current
727 driver supports disposeable external page sized mbuf storage.
728 Proper replacements for both zero-copy mechanisms are under
729 consideration and will eventually lead to complete removal
730 of the two kernel options.
733 The IPv4 network stack has been converted to network byte
734 order. The following modules need to be recompiled together
735 with kernel: carp(4), divert(4), gif(4), siftr(4), gre(4),
736 pf(4), ipfw(4), ng_ipfw(4), stf(4).
739 Support for non-MPSAFE filesystems was removed from VFS. The
740 VFS_VERSION was bumped, all filesystem modules shall be
744 All the non-MPSAFE filesystems have been disconnected from
745 the build. The full list includes: codafs, hpfs, ntfs, nwfs,
746 portalfs, smbfs, xfs.
749 The interface cloning API and ABI has changed. The following
750 modules need to be recompiled together with kernel:
751 ipfw(4), pfsync(4), pflog(4), usb(4), wlan(4), stf(4),
752 vlan(4), disc(4), edsc(4), if_bridge(4), gif(4), tap(4),
753 faith(4), epair(4), enc(4), tun(4), if_lagg(4), gre(4).
756 The sdhci driver was split in two parts: sdhci (generic SD Host
757 Controller logic) and sdhci_pci (actual hardware driver).
758 No kernel config modifications are required, but if you
759 load sdhc as a module you must switch to sdhci_pci instead.
762 Import the FUSE kernel and userland support into base system.
765 The GNU sort(1) program has been removed since the BSD-licensed
766 sort(1) has been the default for quite some time and no serious
767 problems have been reported. The corresponding WITH_GNU_SORT
771 The pfil(9) API/ABI for AF_INET family has been changed. Packet
772 filtering modules: pf(4), ipfw(4), ipfilter(4) need to be recompiled
776 The net80211(4) ABI has been changed to allow for improved driver
777 PS-POLL and power-save support. All wireless drivers need to be
778 recompiled to work with the new kernel.
781 The random(4) support for the VIA hardware random number
782 generator (`PADLOCK') is no longer enabled unconditionally.
783 Add the padlock_rng device in the custom kernel config if
784 needed. The GENERIC kernels on i386 and amd64 do include the
785 device, so the change only affects the custom kernel
789 The pf(4) packet filter ABI has been changed. pfctl(8) and
790 snmp_pf module need to be recompiled to work with new kernel.
793 A new ZFS feature flag "com.delphix:empty_bpobj" has been merged
794 to -HEAD. Pools that have empty_bpobj in active state can not be
795 imported read-write with ZFS implementations that do not support
796 this feature. For more information read the zpool-features(5)
800 The sparc64 ZFS loader has been changed to no longer try to auto-
801 detect ZFS providers based on diskN aliases but now requires these
802 to be explicitly listed in the OFW boot-device environment variable.
805 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.1c. Any binaries requiring
806 libcrypto.so.6 or libssl.so.6 must be recompiled. Also, there are
807 configuration changes. Make sure to merge /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf.
810 The following sysctls and tunables have been renamed for consistency
811 with other variables:
812 kern.cam.da.da_send_ordered -> kern.cam.da.send_ordered
813 kern.cam.ada.ada_send_ordered -> kern.cam.ada.send_ordered
816 The sort utility has been replaced with BSD sort. For now, GNU sort
817 is also available as "gnusort" or the default can be set back to
818 GNU sort by setting WITH_GNU_SORT. In this case, BSD sort will be
819 installed as "bsdsort".
822 A new version of ZFS (pool version 5000) has been merged to -HEAD.
823 Starting with this version the old system of ZFS pool versioning
824 is superseded by "feature flags". This concept enables forward
825 compatibility against certain future changes in functionality of ZFS
826 pools. The first read-only compatible "feature flag" for ZFS pools
827 is named "com.delphix:async_destroy". For more information
828 read the new zpool-features(5) manual page.
829 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
830 on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
833 The malloc(3) implementation embedded in libc now uses sources imported
834 as contrib/jemalloc. The most disruptive API change is to
835 /etc/malloc.conf. If your system has an old-style /etc/malloc.conf,
836 delete it prior to installworld, and optionally re-create it using the
837 new format after rebooting. See malloc.conf(5) for details
838 (specifically the TUNING section and the "opt.*" entries in the MALLCTL
842 Big-endian MIPS TARGET_ARCH values no longer end in "eb". mips64eb
843 is now spelled mips64. mipsn32eb is now spelled mipsn32. mipseb is
844 now spelled mips. This is to aid compatibility with third-party
845 software that expects this naming scheme in uname(3). Little-endian
846 settings are unchanged. If you are updating a big-endian mips64 machine
847 from before this change, you may need to set MACHINE_ARCH=mips64 in
848 your environment before the new build system will recognize your machine.
851 Disable by default the option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE for all supported
855 Now unix domain sockets behave "as expected" on nullfs(5). Previously
856 nullfs(5) did not pass through all behaviours to the underlying layer,
857 as a result if we bound to a socket on the lower layer we could connect
858 only to the lower path; if we bound to the upper layer we could connect
859 only to the upper path. The new behavior is one can connect to both the
860 lower and the upper paths regardless what layer path one binds to.
863 The getifaddrs upgrade path broken with 20111215 has been restored.
864 If you have upgraded in between 20111215 and 20120209 you need to
865 recompile libc again with your kernel. You still need to recompile
866 world to be able to configure CARP but this restriction already
870 The set_rcvar() function has been removed from /etc/rc.subr. All
871 base and ports rc.d scripts have been updated, so if you have a
872 port installed with a script in /usr/local/etc/rc.d you can either
873 hand-edit the rcvar= line, or reinstall the port.
875 An easy way to handle the mass-update of /etc/rc.d:
876 rm /etc/rc.d/* && mergemaster -i
879 panic(9) now stops other CPUs in the SMP systems, disables interrupts
880 on the current CPU and prevents other threads from running.
881 This behavior can be reverted using the kern.stop_scheduler_on_panic
883 The new behavior can be incompatible with kern.sync_on_panic.
886 The carp(4) facility has been changed significantly. Configuration
887 of the CARP protocol via ifconfig(8) has changed, as well as format
888 of CARP events submitted to devd(8) has changed. See manual pages
889 for more information. The arpbalance feature of carp(4) is currently
890 not supported anymore.
892 Size of struct in_aliasreq, struct in6_aliasreq has changed. User
893 utilities using SIOCAIFADDR, SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, e.g. ifconfig(8),
894 need to be recompiled.
897 The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to
901 The option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE option has been added in order to
902 explicitely support non-MPSAFE filesystems.
903 It is on by default for all supported platform at this present
907 The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64,
908 i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files.
911 sysinstall has been removed
914 The stable/9 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the
915 RELENG_9 branch in CVS.
918 This commit modifies vfs_register() so that it uses a hash
919 calculation to set vfc_typenum, which is enabled by default.
920 The first time a system is booted after this change, the
921 vfc_typenum values will change for all file systems. The
922 main effect of this is a change to the NFS server file handles
923 for file systems that use vfc_typenum in their fsid, such as ZFS.
924 It will, however, prevent vfc_typenum from changing when file
925 systems are loaded in a different order for subsequent reboots.
926 To disable this, you can set vfs.typenumhash=0 in /boot/loader.conf
927 until you are ready to remount all NFS clients after a reboot.
930 Bump the shared library version numbers for libraries that
931 do not use symbol versioning, have changed the ABI compared
932 to stable/8 and which shared library version was not bumped.
933 Done as part of 9.0-RELEASE cycle.
936 During the merge of Capsicum features, the fget(9) KPI was modified.
937 This may require the rebuilding of out-of-tree device drivers --
938 issues have been reported specifically with the nVidia device driver.
939 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 900041.
941 Also, there is a period between 20110811 and 20110814 where the
942 special devices /dev/{stdin,stdout,stderr} did not work correctly.
943 Building world from a kernel during that window may not work.
946 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 4.5.
947 You need to update userland tools to be in sync with kernel.
948 This update breaks backward compatibility with earlier pfsync(4)
949 versions. Care must be taken when updating redundant firewall setups.
952 The following sysctls and tunables are retired on x86 platforms:
954 machdep.hlt_logical_cpus
955 The following sysctl is retired:
956 machdep.hyperthreading_allowed
957 The sysctls were supposed to provide a way to dynamically offline and
958 online selected CPUs on x86 platforms, but the implementation has not
959 been reliable especially with SCHED_ULE scheduler.
960 machdep.hyperthreading_allowed tunable is still available to ignore
961 hyperthreading CPUs at OS level.
962 Individual CPUs can be disabled using hint.lapic.X.disabled tunable,
963 where X is an APIC ID of a CPU. Be advised, though, that disabling
964 CPUs in non-uniform fashion will result in non-uniform topology and
965 may lead to sub-optimal system performance with SCHED_ULE, which is
969 cpumask_t type is retired and cpuset_t is used in order to describe
973 Changes to ifconfig(8) for dynamic address family detection mandate
974 that you are running a kernel of 20110525 or later. Make sure to
975 follow the update procedure to boot a new kernel before installing
979 Support for sun4v architecture is officially dropped
982 Several KPI breaking changes have been committed to the mii(4) layer,
983 the PHY drivers and consequently some Ethernet drivers using mii(4).
984 This means that miibus.ko and the modules of the affected Ethernet
985 drivers need to be recompiled.
987 Note to kernel developers: Given that the OUI bit reversion problem
988 was fixed as part of these changes all mii(4) commits related to OUIs,
989 i.e. to sys/dev/mii/miidevs, PHY driver probing and vendor specific
990 handling, no longer can be merged verbatim to stable/8 and previous
994 Users of the Atheros AR71xx SoC code now need to add 'device ar71xx_pci'
995 into their kernel configurations along with 'device pci'.
998 The default NFS client is now the new NFS client, so fstype "newnfs"
999 is now "nfs" and the regular/old NFS client is now fstype "oldnfs".
1000 Although mounts via fstype "nfs" will usually work without userland
1001 changes, it is recommended that the mount(8) and mount_nfs(8)
1002 commands be rebuilt from sources and that a link to mount_nfs called
1003 mount_oldnfs be created. The new client is compiled into the
1004 kernel with "options NFSCL" and this is needed for diskless root
1005 file systems. The GENERIC kernel configs have been changed to use
1006 NFSCL and NFSD (the new server) instead of NFSCLIENT and NFSSERVER.
1007 To use the regular/old client, you can "mount -t oldnfs ...". For
1008 a diskless root file system, you must also include a line like:
1010 vfs.root.mountfrom="oldnfs:"
1012 in the boot/loader.conf on the root fs on the NFS server to make
1013 a diskless root fs use the old client.
1016 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new
1017 CAM-based ATA stack. It means that all legacy ATA drivers were
1018 removed and replaced by respective CAM drivers. If you are using
1019 ATA device names in /etc/fstab or other places, make sure to update
1020 them respectively (adX -> adaY, acdX -> cdY, afdX -> daY, astX -> saY,
1021 where 'Y's are the sequential numbers starting from zero for each type
1022 in order of detection, unless configured otherwise with tunables,
1023 see cam(4)). There will be symbolic links created in /dev/ to map
1024 old adX devices to the respective adaY. They should provide basic
1025 compatibility for file systems mounting in most cases, but they do
1026 not support old user-level APIs and do not have respective providers
1027 in GEOM. Consider using updated management tools with new device names.
1029 It is possible to load devices ahci, ata, siis and mvs as modules,
1030 but option ATA_CAM should remain in kernel configuration to make ata
1031 module work as CAM driver supporting legacy ATA controllers. Device ata
1032 still can be used in modular fashion (atacore + ...). Modules atadisk
1033 and atapi* are not used and won't affect operation in ATA_CAM mode.
1034 Note that to use CAM-based ATA kernel should include CAM devices
1035 scbus, pass, da (or explicitly ada), cd and optionally others. All of
1036 them are parts of the cam module.
1038 ataraid(4) functionality is now supported by the RAID GEOM class.
1039 To use it you can load geom_raid kernel module and use graid(8) tool
1040 for management. Instead of /dev/arX device names, use /dev/raid/rX.
1042 No kernel config options or code have been removed, so if a problem
1043 arises, please report it and optionally revert to the old ATA stack.
1044 In order to do it you can remove from the kernel config:
1049 , and instead add back:
1050 device atadisk # ATA disk drives
1051 device ataraid # ATA RAID drives
1052 device atapicd # ATAPI CDROM drives
1053 device atapifd # ATAPI floppy drives
1054 device atapist # ATAPI tape drives
1057 The default NFS server has been changed to the new server, which
1058 was referred to as the experimental server. If you need to switch
1059 back to the old NFS server, you must now put the "-o" option on
1060 both the mountd and nfsd commands. This can be done using the
1061 mountd_flags and nfs_server_flags rc.conf variables until an
1062 update to the rc scripts is committed, which is coming soon.
1065 The GNU Objective-C runtime library (libobjc), and other Objective-C
1066 related components have been removed from the base system. If you
1067 require an Objective-C library, please use one of the available ports.
1070 ath(4) has been split into bus- and device- modules. if_ath contains
1071 the HAL, the TX rate control and the network device code. if_ath_pci
1072 contains the PCI bus glue. For Atheros MIPS embedded systems, if_ath_ahb
1073 contains the AHB glue. Users need to load both if_ath_pci and if_ath
1074 in order to use ath on everything else.
1076 TO REPEAT: if_ath_ahb is not needed for normal users. Normal users only
1077 need to load if_ath and if_ath_pci for ath(4) operation.
1080 As part of the replacement of sysinstall, the process of building
1081 release media has changed significantly. For details, please re-read
1082 release(7), which has been updated to reflect the new build process.
1085 GNU binutils 2.17.50 (as of 2007-07-03) has been merged to -HEAD. This
1086 is the last available version under GPLv2. It brings a number of new
1087 features, such as support for newer x86 CPU's (with SSE-3, SSSE-3, SSE
1088 4.1 and SSE 4.2), better support for powerpc64, a number of new
1089 directives, and lots of other small improvements. See the ChangeLog
1090 file in contrib/binutils for the full details.
1093 IPsec's HMAC_SHA256-512 support has been fixed to be RFC4868
1094 compliant, and will now use half of hash for authentication.
1095 This will break interoperability with all stacks (including all
1096 actual FreeBSD versions) who implement
1097 draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00 (they use 96 bits of hash for
1099 The only workaround with such peers is to use another HMAC
1100 algorithm for IPsec ("phase 2") authentication.
1103 Remove the uio_yield prototype and symbol. This function has
1104 been misnamed since it was introduced and should not be
1105 globally exposed with this name. The equivalent functionality
1106 is now available using kern_yield(curthread->td_user_pri).
1107 The function remains undocumented.
1110 A SYSCTL_[ADD_]UQUAD was added for unsigned uint64_t pointers,
1111 symmetric with the existing SYSCTL_[ADD_]QUAD. Type checking
1112 for scalar sysctls is defined but disabled. Code that needs
1113 UQUAD to pass the type checking that must compile on older
1114 systems where the define is not present can check against
1115 __FreeBSD_version >= 900030.
1117 The system dialog(1) has been replaced with a new version previously
1118 in ports as devel/cdialog. dialog(1) is mostly command-line compatible
1119 with the previous version, but the libdialog associated with it has
1120 a largely incompatible API. As such, the original version of libdialog
1121 will be kept temporarily as libodialog, until its base system consumers
1122 are replaced or updated. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900030.
1125 If you are trying to run make universe on a -stable system, and you get
1126 the following warning:
1127 "Makefile", line 356: "Target architecture for i386/conf/GENERIC
1128 unknown. config(8) likely too old."
1129 or something similar to it, then you must upgrade your -stable system
1130 to 8.2-Release or newer (really, any time after r210146 7/15/2010 in
1131 stable/8) or build the config from the latest stable/8 branch and
1132 install it on your system.
1134 Prior to this date, building a current universe on 8-stable system from
1135 between 7/15/2010 and 1/2/2011 would result in a weird shell parsing
1136 error in the first kernel build phase. A new config on those old
1137 systems will fix that problem for older versions of -current.
1140 The TCP stack has been modified to allow Khelp modules to interact with
1141 it via helper hook points and store per-connection data in the TCP
1142 control block. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900029. User space tools that
1143 rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to
1147 Generic IEEE 802.3 annex 31B full duplex flow control support has been
1148 added to mii(4) and bge(4), bce(4), msk(4), nfe(4) and stge(4) along
1149 with brgphy(4), e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy() have been converted
1150 to take advantage of it instead of using custom implementations. This
1151 means that these drivers now no longer unconditionally advertise
1152 support for flow control but only do so if flow control is a selected
1153 media option. This was implemented in the generic support that way in
1154 order to allow flow control to be switched on and off via ifconfig(8)
1155 with the PHY specific default to typically off in order to protect
1156 from unwanted effects. Consequently, if you used flow control with
1157 one of the above mentioned drivers you now need to explicitly enable
1158 it, for example via:
1159 ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol
1161 Along with the above mentioned changes generic support for setting
1162 1000baseT master mode also has been added and brgphy(4), ciphy(4),
1163 e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy(4) have been converted to take
1164 advantage of it. This means that these drivers now no longer take the
1165 link0 parameter for selecting master mode but the master media option
1166 has to be used instead, for example like in the following:
1167 ifconfig bge0 media 1000baseT mediaopt full-duplex,master
1169 Selection of master mode now is also available with all other PHY
1170 drivers supporting 1000baseT.
1173 The TCP stack has received a significant update to add support for
1174 modularised congestion control and generally improve the clarity of
1175 congestion control decisions. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900025. User
1176 space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g.
1177 sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1180 The man(1) utility has been replaced by a new version that no longer
1181 uses /etc/manpath.config. Please consult man.conf(5) for how to
1182 migrate local entries to the new format.
1185 The copyright strings printed by login(1) and sshd(8) at the time of a
1186 new connection have been removed to follow other operating systems and
1190 A workaround for a fixed ld bug has been removed in kernel code,
1191 so make sure that your system ld is built from sources after
1192 revision 210245 from 2010-07-19 (r211583 if building head kernel
1193 on stable/8, r211584 for stable/7; both from 2010-08-21).
1194 A symptom of incorrect ld version is different addresses for
1195 set_pcpu section and __start_set_pcpu symbol in kernel and/or modules.
1198 The $ipv6_prefer variable in rc.conf(5) has been split into
1199 $ip6addrctl_policy and $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces.
1201 The $ip6addrctl_policy is a variable to choose a pre-defined
1202 address selection policy set by ip6addrctl(8). A value
1203 "ipv4_prefer", "ipv6_prefer" or "AUTO" can be specified. The
1206 The $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces specifies whether IFDISABLED
1207 flag (see an entry of 20090926) is set on an interface with no
1208 corresponding $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 line. The default is "NO" for
1209 security reason. If you want IPv6 link-local address on all
1210 interfaces by default, set this to "YES".
1212 The old ipv6_prefer="YES" is equivalent to
1213 ipv6_activate_all_interfaces="YES" and
1214 ip6addrctl_policy="ipv6_prefer".
1217 DTrace has grown support for userland tracing. Due to this, DTrace is
1218 now i386 and amd64 only.
1219 dtruss(1) is now installed by default on those systems and a new
1220 kernel module is needed for userland tracing: fasttrap.
1221 No changes to your kernel config file are necessary to enable
1222 userland tracing, but you might consider adding 'STRIP=' and
1223 'CFLAGS+=-fno-omit-frame-pointer' to your make.conf if you want
1224 to have informative userland stack traces in DTrace (ustack).
1227 The acpi_aiboost(4) driver has been removed in favor of the new
1228 aibs(4) driver. You should update your kernel configuration file.
1231 BSD grep has been imported to the base system and it is built by
1232 default. It is completely BSD licensed, highly GNU-compatible, uses
1233 less memory than its GNU counterpart and has a small codebase.
1234 However, it is slower than its GNU counterpart, which is mostly
1235 noticeable for larger searches, for smaller ones it is measurable
1236 but not significant. The reason is complex, the most important factor
1237 is that we lack a modern and efficient regex library and GNU
1238 overcomes this by optimizing the searches internally. Future work
1239 on improving the regex performance is planned, for the meantime,
1240 users that need better performance, can build GNU grep instead by
1241 setting the WITH_GNU_GREP knob.
1244 Due to the import of powerpc64 support, all existing powerpc kernel
1245 configuration files must be updated with a machine directive like this:
1246 machine powerpc powerpc
1248 In addition, an updated config(8) is required to build powerpc kernels
1252 A new version of ZFS (version 15) has been merged to -HEAD.
1253 This version uses a python library for the following subcommands:
1254 zfs allow, zfs unallow, zfs groupspace, zfs userspace.
1255 For full functionality of these commands the following port must
1256 be installed: sysutils/py-zfs
1259 'vm_page's are now hashed by physical address to an array of mutexes.
1260 Currently this is only used to serialize access to hold_count. Over
1261 time the page queue mutex will be peeled away. This changes the size
1262 of pmap on every architecture. And requires all callers of vm_page_hold
1263 and vm_page_unhold to be updated.
1266 WITH_CTF can now be specified in src.conf (not recommended, there
1267 are some problems with static executables), make.conf (would also
1268 affect ports which do not use GNU make and do not override the
1269 compile targets) or in the kernel config (via "makeoptions
1271 When WITH_CTF was specified there before this was silently ignored,
1272 so make sure that WITH_CTF is not used in places which could lead
1273 to unwanted behavior.
1276 The kernel option COMPAT_IA32 has been replaced with COMPAT_FREEBSD32
1277 to allow 32-bit compatibility on non-x86 platforms. All kernel
1278 configurations on amd64 and ia64 platforms using these options must
1279 be modified accordingly.
1282 The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx,
1283 the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX.
1284 Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match,
1285 making it practically impossible to support both interfaces.
1286 The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1),
1287 last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8).
1289 All applications in the base system use utmpx. This means only
1290 local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these
1291 utmp database files. These applications must be rebuilt to make
1294 After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old
1295 log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*),
1296 assuming their contents is of no importance anymore. Old wtmp
1297 databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have
1298 been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1).
1301 Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled
1302 via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the
1303 sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues.
1306 The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and
1307 rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed.
1308 According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc
1309 variables are obsoleted. Instead, the following new rc
1310 variables are added to rc.d/ipfw:
1312 firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6,
1313 firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6,
1314 firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6
1316 The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables.
1322 The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed
1323 from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98. This means
1324 that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct
1325 operation of applications on the console.
1327 The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using
1328 vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag. The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration
1329 options can be used to change the compile-time default back to
1332 To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment
1333 variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being
1334 performed by syscons(4).
1337 The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed.
1338 Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8))
1339 from net80211 need to be recompiled.
1341 Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world
1342 build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the
1346 The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series.
1347 There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw"
1348 to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware
1349 images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for
1350 your wireless card, use the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or
1354 The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated
1355 into rc.d/netif. The changes are the following:
1357 1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF
1358 for IPv4. For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used.
1359 Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head.
1361 Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not
1362 understand what you are doing. It is not needed in most cases.
1364 $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but
1367 2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete. Use $ipv6_prefer and
1368 "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead.
1370 If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and
1371 all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the
1372 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. These are for backward compatibility.
1374 3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added. If NO, IPv6
1375 functionality of interfaces with no corresponding
1376 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag,
1377 and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8)
1378 is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details).
1379 Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the
1380 disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by
1381 using ifconfig(8) like:
1383 ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled
1385 If YES, the default address selection policy is set as
1388 The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO.
1390 4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages,
1391 define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. The rc(8)
1392 scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes
1393 UP. The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC
1394 (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration).
1397 802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the
1398 previous code, which was based on D3.0.
1401 A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value
1402 of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to
1403 control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not.
1404 Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and
1405 a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value.
1406 The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags.
1409 ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for
1410 mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them.
1413 The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by
1414 hw.bus.devctl_queue. hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be
1415 replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0. The default for this new tunable
1419 Remove the option STOP_NMI. The default action is now to use NMI only
1420 for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and
1421 maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64.
1424 The stable/8 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the
1425 RELENG_8 branch in CVS.
1428 Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not
1429 use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle. Bump
1430 __FreeBSD_version to 800105.
1433 Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support,
1434 all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled. As this change
1435 breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104.
1438 The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove
1439 struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack.
1440 The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and
1441 needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks
1442 the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103.
1445 Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in
1446 <netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst
1447 maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump
1448 __FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of
1449 any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1452 The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel
1453 RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations
1454 may need to be adjusted.
1457 The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been
1458 removed. All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using
1459 routing sockets. The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced
1460 with routing sockets.
1463 The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook,
1464 FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under
1465 the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc.
1468 The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been
1469 changed. As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel
1470 options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7. Bump __FreeBSD_version to
1474 Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were
1475 moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled. Bump
1476 __FreeBSD_version to 800099.
1479 NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024
1480 respectively. As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used,
1481 no changes should be visible. When more than 16 groups are used, old
1482 binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with
1483 statically sized storage. Recompiling will work around this, but
1484 applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage
1485 for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's
1486 number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did.
1488 NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is
1489 truncated to 16. Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should
1490 take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported
1491 file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based
1492 authentication method is used.
1495 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced. This
1496 option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs
1497 which want to enable it. The lockinit() function now accepts the flag
1498 LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive
1499 spinning when both held in write and read mode.
1502 The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has
1503 changed. User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt.
1506 The layout of struct thread has changed. Kernel and modules need to
1510 The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed.
1511 Kernel modules need to be rebuilt. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097.
1514 window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be
1515 installed from ports. The port is called misc/window.
1518 The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has
1519 changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be
1523 A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8. Network
1524 file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be
1526 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096.
1529 Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no
1533 Add VOP_ACCESSX(9). File system modules need to be rebuilt.
1534 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094.
1537 Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'. File system modules need to be
1539 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093.
1542 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been
1543 introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic.
1544 The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags:
1545 SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has
1546 been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic.
1547 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092.
1550 Add support for hierarchical jails. Remove global securelevel.
1551 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091.
1554 The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules
1556 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090.
1559 The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please
1560 run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime.
1563 The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to
1564 hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases.
1567 802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed.
1568 Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead
1569 of DLT_IEEE802_11. No user-visible data structures were changed but
1570 applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes.
1571 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088.
1574 The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid,
1575 socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet,
1576 vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw. Most modules need to be rebuild or
1577 panics may be experienced. World rebuild is required for
1578 correctly checking networking state from userland.
1579 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085.
1582 MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged
1583 to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used.
1584 The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely
1585 follows the IPv4 implementation.
1587 For kernel developers:
1589 * The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and
1590 ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK,
1591 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex.
1593 * As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering
1594 of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport
1595 protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and
1596 SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6.
1598 * The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by
1599 the IPv4 stack, with the following differences:
1600 * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter().
1601 * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup()
1602 are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively.
1603 * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed.
1604 * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs
1605 for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to
1606 jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node
1607 multicast membership on-link.
1608 * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters
1609 its report transmissions. However, the 'timer' argument is
1610 preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface.
1612 * The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has
1613 been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4
1615 Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships
1616 internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new
1619 * There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope()
1620 acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output().
1621 Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an
1622 implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD.
1624 For application developers:
1626 * The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4
1629 * The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same
1630 socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported.
1632 * There are a number of issues with the implementation of various
1633 IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface
1634 before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland
1635 use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment.
1637 * The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM
1638 API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API
1639 using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information
1640 please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for
1641 Multicast Source Filters'.
1643 * Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine.
1645 For systems administrators:
1647 * The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in
1648 addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted
1649 as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility
1650 will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as
1651 returned by getifaddrs(3).
1653 * The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2
1654 endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3).
1656 * The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable
1657 loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1
1658 to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is
1659 recommended for optimal system performance.
1661 * The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl
1662 instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping
1663 back forwarded datagrams.
1665 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084.
1668 Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API.
1669 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083.
1672 The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new
1673 memory allocation types, has changed. Most modules will need to
1674 be rebuilt or panics may be experienced.
1675 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081.
1678 Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2.
1679 This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection
1680 state will require a world rebuild.
1681 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080.
1684 Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules
1685 embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled.
1686 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079.
1689 The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed.
1690 Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled.
1691 The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting
1692 of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful
1694 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078.
1697 Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and
1698 apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will
1699 re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with
1700 kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but
1701 not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when
1702 low level console functions (such as gets) are used while
1703 interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt,
1704 mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help.
1707 The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed;
1708 kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled.
1709 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075.
1712 GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices,
1713 replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It
1714 introduces some changes:
1716 MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries
1717 (EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks
1718 to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified.
1720 BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most
1721 cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with
1722 disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole
1723 top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users.
1725 General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices
1726 whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file
1727 systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than
1730 Most of these changes date approximately from 200812.
1733 The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows
1734 Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface
1735 (supported by sane).
1738 The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1)
1739 only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters.
1740 The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and
1741 ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically
1742 compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'.
1745 Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been
1746 removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no
1747 longer supported. In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device
1748 drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or
1752 POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and
1753 a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added.
1754 This means that some common libc messages are now localized and
1755 they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable.
1758 The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since
1759 support for Family 10 and Family 11 CPU families was added.
1762 IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged
1763 to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used.
1765 For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the
1766 ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(),
1767 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex.
1769 Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering
1770 inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source
1771 filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose.
1772 Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject
1773 multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve
1774 as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input()
1775 low-level input path. in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed
1776 to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel.
1778 For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of
1779 multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this
1780 will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back
1781 datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may
1782 be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1
1783 to preserve the existing behaviour.
1785 For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with
1786 multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended
1787 that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash
1788 collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the
1789 transport protocol input path to check group membership.
1791 If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches,
1792 it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain
1793 enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced
1796 The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be
1797 recompiled to reflect this.
1798 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070.
1801 libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system
1802 updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to
1803 update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to
1804 rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given
1805 in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for
1806 libusb are no longer required and can be removed.
1809 A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared
1810 memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures.
1811 Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member
1812 of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is
1813 wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly
1814 raised to allow such segments to be created.
1817 The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all
1818 network device driver modules.
1821 The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a
1822 buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20.
1825 The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and
1826 module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci,
1827 ums, ...). The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name
1828 with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed.
1829 Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still
1833 The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to
1834 defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have
1835 customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to
1839 xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not
1840 yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then
1842 Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off"
1843 to your ServerLayout section. This will cause X to use the configured
1844 kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf.
1847 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2
1848 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a
1849 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB
1850 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel
1851 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over,
1852 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi.
1854 Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be
1855 redirected to the new stack's libusb20. /etc/libmap.conf can
1857 # Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack
1858 libusb-0.1.so.8 libusb20.so.1
1861 All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN
1862 (eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often
1863 change usb chipsets in a product without notice.
1866 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave
1867 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified.
1868 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified
1869 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the
1873 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated.
1874 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled.
1877 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match
1878 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8)
1879 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is
1880 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security
1881 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case,
1882 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config.
1885 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel.
1886 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to
1887 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in
1888 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1891 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem.
1892 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated.
1893 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present
1894 in next mpd5.3 release.
1897 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of
1898 the base system (it was a port).
1901 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to
1902 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled.
1905 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite.
1906 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated.
1907 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit
1908 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland
1909 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly.
1910 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and
1911 none of the L2 information.
1914 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the
1915 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line:
1917 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416
1919 to their kernel config files when specifying:
1923 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled
1924 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now
1925 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips
1926 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details.
1929 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to
1930 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate
1931 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support
1932 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to
1933 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of
1937 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD.
1938 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by
1939 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots,
1940 and is the same as Solaris behavior.
1943 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled.
1946 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have
1947 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module
1948 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the
1949 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0
1950 controller add the following to loader.conf:
1956 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep
1957 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in
1961 atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA
1962 driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module.
1963 All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules:
1964 ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek,
1965 atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron,
1966 atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia,
1967 atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia
1970 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new
1971 implementation, which provides better scalability and an
1972 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to
1973 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following
1974 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer:
1977 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio
1983 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp
1985 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall
1986 cause compilation to fail.
1989 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5.
1992 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1.
1994 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA
1995 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this
1996 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over
1997 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown
1998 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should
1999 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before
2000 accepting the RSA key.
2002 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms"
2003 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh
2006 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for
2007 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to
2008 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this
2012 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64
2013 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the
2014 default serial port driver on those platforms as well.
2016 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver
2017 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the
2018 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0"
2019 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to
2020 use the new device names.
2022 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update
2023 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel.
2024 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints
2025 at the loader prompt:
2027 set hint.uart.0.at="isa"
2028 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8"
2029 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10"
2030 set hint.uart.0.irq="4"
2034 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition
2038 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2
2039 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries
2040 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and
2041 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list.
2044 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to
2045 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries.
2048 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables.
2049 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2).
2050 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version,
2051 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel
2052 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16).
2055 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss
2056 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device
2057 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are
2058 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files.
2059 For example, change:
2060 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP"
2063 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"
2064 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of
2065 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland
2066 and kernel wouldn't hurt either.
2068 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta
2069 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references
2070 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed.
2073 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level.
2074 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can
2075 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible
2076 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in
2077 other operation levels.
2080 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To
2081 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may
2082 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure
2083 compatibility with any prior release:
2085 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1
2086 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2
2087 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3
2090 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm
2091 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the
2092 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively,
2093 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1).
2094 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world
2098 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the
2099 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The
2100 split was done to make new features that are incompatible
2101 with older hardware easier to do.
2104 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4),
2105 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM.
2108 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for
2109 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS
2110 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your
2114 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting
2118 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate
2119 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope
2120 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved
2121 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries
2122 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take
2123 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some
2124 third-party software might fail to build after this change
2125 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about
2126 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed
2127 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree.
2128 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely
2129 case that a portable fix is impossible.
2132 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running
2133 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current
2134 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems.
2137 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its
2138 functionality is the default now.
2141 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on
2142 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun
2143 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have
2144 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven
2145 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.:
2147 Option "XkbLayout" "us"
2148 Option "XkbRules" "xorg"
2149 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us"
2152 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI
2153 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the
2154 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was
2155 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the
2156 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of
2157 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to
2158 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that
2159 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled
2160 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils
2161 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt
2165 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed
2166 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already
2167 used kproc_start()..
2168 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while
2169 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs.
2170 Renaming corresponds with version 800002.
2179 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are
2180 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with
2181 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there
2182 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This
2183 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
2184 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
2185 several months have passed on the -current branch).
2187 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2188 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2189 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2190 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2191 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2193 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best
2194 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first,
2195 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade
2196 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try
2197 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade.
2199 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2200 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2201 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2202 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2206 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2209 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2210 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2212 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2214 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
2215 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ad0:
2216 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0"
2218 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2222 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2223 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2224 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2226 make kernel-toolchain
2227 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2228 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2230 To test a kernel once
2231 ---------------------
2232 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2233 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2234 debugging information) run
2235 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2236 nextboot -k testkernel
2238 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up
2239 --------------------------------------------------------------
2240 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace
2241 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386",
2242 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc).
2244 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf
2245 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE
2246 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE
2251 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section.
2253 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2254 -----------------------------------------------------------
2255 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2256 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2258 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2260 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2262 <reboot in single user> [3]
2269 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2270 --------------------------------------------------
2271 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2272 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2273 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2276 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2279 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2280 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2281 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2282 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2283 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2284 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2285 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2286 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2287 <reboot into current>
2288 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2289 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2293 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2294 ----------------------------------------------
2295 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2297 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2299 <reboot in single user> [3]
2306 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2307 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2308 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2309 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2310 the UPDATING entries.
2312 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2313 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2314 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2315 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2316 much fewer pitfalls.
2318 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2319 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2322 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2327 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2328 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2329 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2331 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2332 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2333 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2334 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2335 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2336 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2337 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2339 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time
2340 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2341 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2342 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2343 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2344 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2346 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2347 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2348 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2350 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to
2351 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in
2352 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
2353 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is
2354 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on
2355 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
2357 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2358 last time you updated your kernel config file.
2360 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have
2361 cvs prune empty directories.
2363 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2364 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2365 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2367 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2368 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2369 warn if it is improperly defined.
2372 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2373 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2374 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since October 10, 2007.
2375 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2376 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2378 Copyright information:
2380 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved.
2382 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2383 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2384 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2386 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2387 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2388 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2389 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2390 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2391 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2392 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2393 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2394 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2395 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2396 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2398 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of