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29 .\" @(#)ps.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
40 .Op Fl aCcefHhjlmrSTuvwXxZ
41 .Op Fl O Ar fmt | Fl o Ar fmt
42 .Op Fl G Ar gid Ns Op , Ns Ar gid Ns Ar ...
45 .Op Fl p Ar pid Ns Op , Ns Ar pid Ns Ar ...
46 .Op Fl t Ar tty Ns Op , Ns Ar tty Ns Ar ...
47 .Op Fl U Ar user Ns Op , Ns Ar user Ns Ar ...
54 displays a header line, followed by lines containing information about
56 processes that have controlling terminals.
58 A different set of processes can be selected for display by using any
60 .Fl a , G , p , T , t ,
64 If more than one of these options are given, then
66 will select all processes which are matched by at least one of the
69 For the processes which have been selected for display,
71 will usually display one line per process.
74 option may result in multiple output lines (one line per thread) for
76 By default all of these output lines are sorted first by controlling
77 terminal, then by process ID.
82 options will change the sort order.
83 If more than one sorting option was given, then the selected processes
84 will be sorted by the last sorting option which was specified.
86 For the processes which have been selected for display, the information
87 to display is selected based on a set of keywords (see the
92 The default output format includes, for each process, the process' ID,
93 controlling terminal, CPU time (including both user and system time),
94 state, and associated command.
96 The process file system (see
98 should be mounted when
100 is executed, otherwise not all information will be available.
102 The options are as follows:
103 .Bl -tag -width indent
105 Display information about other users' processes as well as your own.
106 This will skip any processes which do not have a controlling terminal,
109 option is also specified.
110 This can be disabled by setting the
111 .Va security.bsd.see_other_uids
116 column output to just contain the executable name,
117 rather than the full command line.
119 Change the way the CPU percentage is calculated by using a
121 CPU calculation that ignores
123 time (this normally has
126 Display the environment as well.
128 Show commandline and environment information about swapped out processes.
129 This option is honored only if the UID of the user is 0.
131 Display information about processes which are running with the specified
136 threads associated with each process.
137 Depending on the threading package that
138 is in use, this may show only the process, only the kernel scheduled entities,
139 or all of the process threads.
141 Repeat the information header as often as necessary to guarantee one
142 header per page of information.
144 Print information associated with the following keywords:
145 .Cm user , pid , ppid , pgid , sid , jobc , state , tt , time ,
149 List the set of keywords available for the
155 Display information associated with the following keywords:
156 .Cm uid , pid , ppid , cpu , pri , nice , vsz , rss , mwchan , state ,
161 Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core
162 instead of the currently running system.
164 Sort by memory usage, instead of the combination of controlling
165 terminal and process ID.
167 Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default,
168 which is the kernel image the system has booted from.
170 Add the information associated with the space or comma separated list
171 of keywords specified, after the process ID,
172 in the default information
174 Keywords may be appended with an equals
177 This causes the printed header to use the specified string instead of
180 Display information associated with the space or comma separated
181 list of keywords specified.
182 The last keyword in the list may be appended with an equals
184 sign and a string that spans the rest of the argument, and can contain
185 space and comma characters.
186 This causes the printed header to use the specified string instead of
188 Multiple keywords may also be given in the form of more than one
191 So the header texts for multiple keywords can be changed.
192 If all keywords have empty header texts, no header line is written.
194 Display information about processes which match the specified process IDs.
196 Sort by current CPU usage, instead of the combination of controlling
197 terminal and process ID.
199 Change the way the process time is calculated by summing all exited
200 children to their parent process.
202 Display information about processes attached to the device associated
203 with the standard input.
205 Display information about processes attached to the specified terminal
208 Display the processes belonging to the specified usernames.
210 Display information associated with the following keywords:
211 .Cm user , pid , %cpu , %mem , vsz , rss , tt , state , start , time ,
220 Display information associated with the following keywords:
221 .Cm pid , state , time , sl , re , pagein , vsz , rss , lim , tsiz ,
231 Use 132 columns to display information, instead of the default which
235 option is specified more than once,
237 will use as many columns as necessary without regard for your window size.
239 When displaying processes matched by other options, skip any processes
240 which do not have a controlling terminal.
242 When displaying processes matched by other options, include processes
243 which do not have a controlling terminal.
244 This is the opposite of the
251 are specified in the same command, then
253 will use the one which was specified last.
257 label to the list of keywords for which
259 will display information.
262 A complete list of the available keywords are listed below.
263 Some of these keywords are further specified as follows:
264 .Bl -tag -width lockname
266 The CPU utilization of the process; this is a decaying average over up to
267 a minute of previous (real) time.
268 Since the time base over which this is computed varies (since processes may
269 be very young) it is possible for the sum of all
271 fields to exceed 100%.
273 The percentage of real memory used by this process.
275 The flags associated with the process as in
278 .Bl -column P_STOPPED_SINGLE 0x4000000
279 .It Dv "P_ADVLOCK" Ta No "0x00001 Process may hold a POSIX advisory lock"
280 .It Dv "P_CONTROLT" Ta No "0x00002 Has a controlling terminal"
281 .It Dv "P_KTHREAD" Ta No "0x00004 Kernel thread"
282 .It Dv "P_NOLOAD" Ta No "0x00008 Ignore during load avg calculations"
283 .It Dv "P_PPWAIT" Ta No "0x00010 Parent is waiting for child to exec/exit"
284 .It Dv "P_PROFIL" Ta No "0x00020 Has started profiling"
285 .It Dv "P_STOPPROF" Ta No "0x00040 Has thread in requesting to stop prof"
286 .It Dv "P_SUGID" Ta No "0x00100 Had set id privileges since last exec"
287 .It Dv "P_SYSTEM" Ta No "0x00200 System proc: no sigs, stats or swapping"
288 .It Dv "P_SINGLE_EXIT" Ta No "0x00400 Threads suspending should exit, not wait"
289 .It Dv "P_TRACED" Ta No "0x00800 Debugged process being traced"
290 .It Dv "P_WAITED" Ta No "0x01000 Someone is waiting for us"
291 .It Dv "P_WEXIT" Ta No "0x02000 Working on exiting"
292 .It Dv "P_EXEC" Ta No "0x04000 Process called exec"
293 .It Dv "P_SA" Ta No "0x08000 Using scheduler activations"
294 .It Dv "P_CONTINUED" Ta No "0x10000 Proc has continued from a stopped state"
295 .It Dv "P_STOPPED_SIG" Ta No "0x20000 Stopped due to SIGSTOP/SIGTSTP"
296 .It Dv "P_STOPPED_TRACE" Ta No "0x40000 Stopped because of tracing"
297 .It Dv "P_STOPPED_SINGLE" Ta No "0x80000 Only one thread can continue"
298 .It Dv "P_PROTECTED" Ta No "0x100000 Do not kill on memory overcommit"
299 .It Dv "P_SIGEVENT" Ta No "0x200000 Process pending signals changed"
300 .It Dv "P_JAILED" Ta No "0x1000000 Process is in jail"
301 .It Dv "P_INEXEC" Ta No "0x4000000 Process is in execve()"
304 The MAC label of the process.
306 The soft limit on memory used, specified via a call to
309 The exact time the command started, using the
314 The name of the lock that the process is currently blocked on.
315 If the name is invalid or unknown, then
319 The login name associated with the session the process is in (see
322 The event name if the process is blocked normally, or the lock name if
323 the process is blocked on a lock.
324 See the wchan and lockname keywords
327 The process scheduling increment (see
328 .Xr setpriority 2 ) .
330 the real memory (resident set) size of the process (in 1024 byte units).
332 The time the command started.
333 If the command started less than 24 hours ago, the start time is
338 If the command started less than 7 days ago, the start time is
342 Otherwise, the start time is displayed using the
346 The state is given by a sequence of characters, for example,
348 The first character indicates the run state of the process:
350 .Bl -tag -width indent -compact
352 Marks a process in disk (or other short term, uninterruptible) wait.
354 Marks a process that is idle (sleeping for longer than about 20 seconds).
356 Marks a process that is waiting to acquire a lock.
358 Marks a runnable process.
360 Marks a process that is sleeping for less than about 20 seconds.
362 Marks a stopped process.
364 Marks an idle interrupt thread.
366 Marks a dead process (a
370 Additional characters after these, if any, indicate additional state
373 .Bl -tag -width indent -compact
375 The process is in the foreground process group of its control terminal.
377 The process has raised CPU scheduling priority.
379 The process is trying to exit.
381 Marks a process which is in
383 The hostname of the prison can be found in
384 .Pa /proc/ Ns Ao Ar pid Ac Ns Pa /status .
386 The process has pages locked in core (for example, for raw
389 The process has reduced CPU scheduling priority (see
390 .Xr setpriority 2 ) .
392 The process is a session leader.
394 The process is suspended during a
397 The process is swapped out.
399 The process is being traced or debugged.
402 An abbreviation for the pathname of the controlling terminal, if any.
403 The abbreviation consists of the three letters following
407 This is followed by a
409 if the process can no longer reach that
410 controlling terminal (i.e., it has been revoked).
412 The event (an address in the system) on which a process waits.
413 When printed numerically, the initial part of the address is
414 trimmed off and the result is printed in hex, for example, 0x80324000 prints
418 When printing using the command keyword, a process that has exited and
419 has a parent that has not yet waited for the process (in other words, a zombie)
422 and a process which is blocked while trying
425 If the arguments cannot be located (usually because it has not been set, as is
426 the case of system processes and/or kernel threads) the command name is printed
427 within square brackets.
430 utility first tries to obtain the arguments cached by the kernel (if they were
431 shorter than the value of the
432 .Va kern.ps_arg_cache_limit
434 The process can change the arguments shown with
438 makes an educated guess as to the file name and arguments given when the
439 process was created by examining memory or the swap area.
440 The method is inherently somewhat unreliable and in any event a process
441 is entitled to destroy this information.
442 The ucomm (accounting) keyword can, however, be depended on.
443 If the arguments are unavailable or do not agree with the ucomm keyword,
444 the value for the ucomm keyword is appended to the arguments in parentheses.
446 The following is a complete list of the available keywords and their
448 Several of them have aliases (keywords which are synonyms).
450 .Bl -tag -width ".Cm sigignore" -compact
452 percentage CPU usage (alias
455 percentage memory usage (alias
458 accounting flag (alias
461 command and arguments
465 command and arguments
467 short-term CPU usage factor (for scheduling)
471 the process flags, in hexadecimal (alias
474 total blocks read (alias
487 lock currently blocked on (as a symbolic name)
489 login name of user who started the session
497 total messages received (reads from pipes/sockets)
499 total messages sent (writes on pipes/sockets)
501 wait channel or lock currently blocked on
506 total involuntary context switches
508 total signals taken (alias
513 total voluntary context switches
515 wait channel (as an address)
517 total blocks written (alias
522 pageins (same as majflt)
534 core residency time (in seconds; 127 = infinity)
538 group name (from rgid)
540 reverse link on run queue, or 0
544 realtime priority (101 = not a realtime process)
548 user name (from ruid)
552 pending signals (alias
555 caught signals (alias
558 ignored signals (alias
561 blocked signals (alias
564 sleep time (in seconds; 127 = infinity)
568 symbolic process state (alias
571 saved gid from a setgid executable
573 saved UID from a setuid executable
575 control terminal device number
577 accumulated CPU time, user + system (alias
580 control terminal process group ID
582 .\"text resident set size (in Kbytes)
584 control terminal session ID
586 text size (in Kbytes)
588 control terminal name (two letter abbreviation)
590 full name of control terminal
594 name to be used for accounting
598 scheduling priority on return from system call (alias
603 virtual size in Kbytes (alias
606 wait channel (as a symbolic name)
608 exit or stop status (valid only for stopped or zombie process)
611 The following environment variables affect the execution of
613 .Bl -tag -width ".Ev COLUMNS"
615 If set, specifies the user's preferred output width in column positions.
618 attempts to automatically determine the terminal width.
621 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /boot/kernel/kernel" -compact
622 .It Pa /boot/kernel/kernel
623 default system namelist
641 For historical reasons, the
645 supports a different set of options from what is described by
647 and what is supported on
658 cannot run faster than the system and is run as any other scheduled
659 process, the information it displays can never be exact.
663 utility does not correctly display argument lists containing multibyte