1 <!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook V4.1-Based Extension//EN" [
2 <!ENTITY % articles.ent PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook FreeBSD Articles Entity Set//EN">
5 <!ENTITY % release PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES Release Specification//EN">
8 <!-- The FreeBSD Simplified Chinese Project -->
9 <!-- Original Revision: 191705 -->
14 <title>&os; &release.current; ·¢ÐÐ˵Ã÷</title>
16 <corpauthor>&os; ÏîÄ¿×é</corpauthor>
18 <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
31 <holder role="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">&os; ÎĵµÏîÄ¿×é</holder>
34 <legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
45 <para>Õâ·Ý &os; &release.current; µÄ·¢ÐÐ˵Ã÷£¬ ¸ÅÀ¨ÁË &os; »ù±¾ÏµÍ³ÔÚ
46 &release.branch; ¿ª·¢ÏßÉÏËù×öµÄ¸Ä¶¯¡£
47 ±¾ÎĵµÁоÙÁË×ÔÇ°Ò»·¢Ðа汾ÒÔÀ´ËùÓÐÊÊÓõݲȫ¹«¸æ£¬ ÒÔ¼°¶ÔÓÚ
48 &os; ÄÚºËÒÔ¼°ÏµÍ³¸½´øµÄÓ¦ÓóÌÐòËù×öµÄÖØÒªÐ޸ġ£
49 ¶ÔÔÚÉý¼¶Ê±ÐèҪעÒâµÄһЩÎÊÌ⣬ Ò²½øÐÐÁ˼òÂԵĽéÉÜ¡£</para>
57 &release.current; µÄ·¢Ðаæ˵Ã÷¡£ Ëü½éÉÜÁË &os; ÉÏ×î½üÐÂÔö¡¢
58 ±ä»¯»òɾ³ýµÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡£ ´ËÍ⣬ ËüÒ²¶Ô´Ó½ÏÔç°æ±¾µÄ &os;
59 ½øÐÐÉý¼¶Ê±ÐèҪעÒâµÄÎÊÌâ½øÐÐÁË˵Ã÷¡£</para>
61 <![ %release.type.current [
63 <para>ÕâƪÎĵµËù½éÉÜµÄ &release.type; Èí¼þ°ü£¬
64 ½éÉÜÁË &release.branch; ¿ª·¢·ÖÖ§×Ô &release.branch;
65 ´´½¨ÒÔÀ´µÄ½øÕ¹¡£ ¹ØÓÚÕâÒ»·ÖÖ§ÉÏÔ¤±àÒëµÄ¡¢ ¶þ½øÖÆ°æ±¾µÄ
66 &release.type; Èí¼þ°ü£¬ ¿ÉÒÔÔÚ <ulink url="&release.url;"></ulink>
71 <![ %release.type.snapshot [
73 <para>Õâ·Ý˵Ã÷Ëù˵µÄ &release.type; °æ±¾£¬
74 ÊÇÔÚ &release.branch; ¿ª·¢·ÖÖ§ÉÏ &release.prev; µ½Î´À´µÄ &release.next;
75 ÉϵÄÒ»µã¡£ ÕâÒ»¿ª·¢·ÖÖ§ÉÏÔ¤±àÒëµÄ¶þ½øÖÆÐÎʽµÄ &release.type;
76 °²×°°ü£¬ ¿ÉÒÔÔÚ <ulink url="&release.url;"></ulink> ÕÒµ½¡£</para>
80 <![ %release.type.release [
82 <para>ÕâÊÇÒ»·Ý &os; &release.current; µÄ
83 &release.type; ·¢²¼°ü¡£ Äú¿ÉÒÔ´Ó <ulink
84 url="&release.url;"></ulink> »òÆäËû¾µÏñÄÇÀïµÃµ½ËüµÄ¸±±¾¡£
85 ¹ØÓÚÕâ¸ö (»òÆäËû) &release.type; ·¢²¼°üµÄ¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢£¬¿ÉÒÔÔÚ
86 <ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/">&os; ÊÖ²á</ulink>
87 ÖÐµÄ <ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/mirrors.html"><quote>ÈçºÎ»ñµÃ
88 &os;</quote>¸½Â¼</ulink> ÖÐÕÒµ½¡£</para>
92 <para>ÎÒÃǽ¨ÒéËùÓеÄÓû§ÔÚ¿ªÊ¼°²×° &os;
93 ֮ǰÊ×ÏȲο¼ÓëÕâÒ»°æ±¾¶ÔÓ¦µÄ¿±ÎóÐÅÏ¢¡£
94 ¿±ÎóÎĵµ½«Ëæʱ¸üУ¬ÒÔ±ãΪÓû§ÌṩÔÚ·¢²¼¹¤³ÌºóÆÚ»ò¸Ã°æ±¾·¢²¼Ö®ºó
95 <quote>з¢ÏÖµÄ</quote> ÎÊÌâºÍÏà¹ØÐÅÏ¢¡£
96 ͨ³££¬ Õâ°üÀ¨ÒÑÖªµÄ bug¡¢ °²È«¹«¸æ£¬ ÒÔ¼°¶ÔÓÚÎĵµµÄÐÞ¶©ÄÚÈÝ¡£
97 ×îÐ嵀 &os; &release.current; ¿±ÎóÐÅÏ¢¿ÉÒÔ´Ó &os; ÍøÕ¾»ñµÃ¡£</para>
101 <title>×îб䶯</title>
103 <para>ÕâÒ»½ÚÃèÊöÁË &os; ×Ô &release.prev; ÒÔÀ´×îÃ÷ÏÔµÄй¦Äܺͱ仯¡£
105 <para>ͨ³£Çé¿öÏ£¬ ·¢Ðаæ˵Ã÷ÎĵµÖлá½éÉÜ×Ô &release.prev; ÒÔÀ´Ëù·¢²¼µÄ°²È«¹«¸æ¡¢
106 ÐÂÔöµÄÇý¶¯»òÓ²¼þÖ§³Ö¡¢ ÐÂÔöµÄÃüÁî»òÑ¡Ïî¡¢ ÖØÒªµÄ´íÎóÐÞ²¹£¬
107 ÒÔ¼°»ù±¾ÏµÍ³ÖÐÀ´×ÔµÚÈý·½µÄÈí¼þÉý¼¶¡£ ÖØÒªµÄ ports ºÍ packages ±ä¶¯£¬
108 »ò¹ØÓÚ½»¸¶¹¤³ÌµÄ±ä¶¯Ò²»áÔÚÕâ·ÝÎĵµÖÐÌåÏÖ¡£ ÏÔ¶øÒ×¼ûµØ£¬
109 ·¢ÐÐ˵Ã÷²»¿ÉÄܺ¸Ç &os; °æ±¾Ö®¼äµÄÿһ¸ö΢С±ä¶¯£»
110 ÕâƪÎĵµÖ÷Òª¹Ø×¢µÄ£¬ÈÔÈ»ÊÇ°²È«¹«¸æ¡¢ Óû§¿ÉÒÔ²ì¾õµÄÐ޸ģ¬
111 ÒÔ¼°ÖØÒªµÄ¼Ü¹¹ÐÔ¸ÄÁ¼¡£</para>
113 <sect2 id="security">
114 <title>°²È«¹«¸æ</title>
116 <para>ÕâÒ»°æ±¾ÖÐÐÞÕýÁËÏÂÁа²È«¹«¸æËùÖ¸Ã÷µÄÎÊÌâ¡£ ÈçÓûÁ˽â½øÒ»²½µÄÐÅÏ¢£¬
118 <ulink url="http://security.FreeBSD.org/"></ulink> µÄÍêÕû°²È«¹«¸æÄÚÈÝ¡£</para>
120 <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
122 <colspec colwidth="1*">
123 <colspec colwidth="1*">
124 <colspec colwidth="3*">
135 <entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-09:01.lukemftpd.asc"
136 >SA-09:01.lukemftpd</ulink></entry>
137 <entry>2009 Äê 01 ÔÂ 07 ÈÕ</entry>
138 <entry><para>&man.lukemftpd.8; ÖеĿçÕ¾ÇëÇóαÔìÎÊÌâ</para></entry>
142 <entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-09:02.openssl.asc"
143 >SA-09:02.openssl</ulink></entry>
144 <entry>2009 Äê 01 ÔÂ 07 ÈÕ</entry>
145 <entry><para>OpenSSL ¶Ô¸ñʽ²»ÕýÈ·µÄÇ©Ãû¼ì²é´æÔÚÎÊÌâ</para></entry>
149 <entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-09:03.ntpd.asc"
150 >SA-09:03.ntpd</ulink></entry>
151 <entry>2009 Äê 01 ÔÂ 13 ÈÕ</entry>
152 <entry><para>ntpd ÃÜÂëѧǩÃûÈƹýÎÊÌâ</para></entry>
156 <entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-09:04.bind.asc"
157 >SA-09:04.bind</ulink></entry>
158 <entry>2009 Äê 01 ÔÂ 13 ÈÕ</entry>
159 <entry><para>BIND DNSSEC ¶Ô¸ñʽ²»¶ÔµÄÇ©Ãû¼ì²é´æÔÚÎÊÌâ</para></entry>
163 <entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-09:05.telnetd.asc"
164 >SA-09:05.telnetd</ulink></entry>
165 <entry>2009 Äê 01 ÔÂ 13 ÈÕ</entry>
166 <entry><para>telnetd ÈÎÒâ´úÂëÖ´ÐÐÎÊÌâ</para></entry>
170 <entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-09:06.ktimer.asc"
171 >SA-09:06.ktimer</ulink></entry>
172 <entry>2009 Äê 03 ÔÂ 23 ÈÕ</entry>
173 <entry><para>±¾µØÌØȨÌáÉýÎÊÌâ</para></entry>
177 <entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-09:07.libc.asc"
178 >SA-09:07.libc</ulink></entry>
179 <entry>2009 Äê 04 ÔÂ 04 ÈÕ</entry>
180 <entry><para>&man.db.3; ÖеÄÐÅϢй¶ÎÊÌâ</para></entry>
184 <entry><ulink url="http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-09:08.openssl.asc"
185 >SA-09:08.openssl</ulink></entry>
186 <entry>2009 Äê 04 ÔÂ 22 ÈÕ</entry>
187 <entry><para>OpenSSL Ô¶³Ì¿É´¥·¢µÄ±ÀÀ£ÎÊÌâ</para></entry>
195 <title>¶ÔÄں˵ĸĶ¯</title>
197 <para>Äں˵÷ÊÔÆ÷ &man.ddb.8; ÐÂÔöÁË
198 <command>show mount</command> ×ÓÃüÁî¡£</para>
200 <para>&os; DTrace ×ÓϵͳÐÂÔöÁ˶ÔÓÚ½ø³ÌÖ´ÐеÄ̽²âµã (probe) Ö§³Ö¡£</para>
202 <para arch="amd64">&os; ÄÚºËÐéÄâµØÖ·¿Õ¼äÔö¼Óµ½ÁË 6GB¡£
203 ÕâʹµÃÄÚºË×ÓϵͳÄܹ»Óõ½¸ü´óµÄÐéÄâÄÚ´æµØÖ·¿Õ¼ä¡£ ÀýÈ磬 &man.zfs.8;
204 ×ÔÊÊÓ¦Ìæ»»¿ìÈ¡»º´æ (ARC) ÐèҪʹÓôóÁ¿µÄÄÚºËÄÚ´æÀ´»º´æÎļþϵͳÊý¾Ý£¬
205 Òò¶ø»áÊÜÒæÓÚ¿ÉÓõØÖ·¿Õ¼äµÄÔö¼Ó¡£ Çë×¢Ò⣬ ÄÚºËÄÚ´æÓ³ÉäµÄ³ß´çÉÏÏÞÊÇ×ÜÁ¿µÄ
206 60% ¶ø²»ÊÇÆäÈ«²¿¡£</para>
208 <para>¶Ô &man.jail.8; ×Óϵͳ½øÐÐÁ˸üС£ ±ä¶¯°üÀ¨£º</para>
212 <para>Ö§³ÖÔÚÒ»¸ö jail ÉÏÖ¸¶¨¶à¸ö IPv4 ¼° IPv6 µØÖ·ÁË¡£
213 ´ËÍ⣬ »¹Ö§³Ö²»ÔÚ jail ÉÏÅäÖÃÈκΠIP µØÖ·£¬
214 ÕâÖÖÅäÖûù±¾ÉÏÏ൱Óڿɼû½ø³ÌÊÜÏÞÇÒûÓÐÍøÂçµÄ chroot »·¾³¡£</para>
218 <para>Ö§³ÖÔÚ jail ÖÐʹÓà SCTP (&man.sctp.4;) ºÍ IPv6 ÁË¡£</para>
222 <para>ʵÏÖÁËʹÓà &man.cpuset.1; À´Ö¸¶¨ CPU °ó¶¨¡£
223 Çë×¢ÒâÄ¿Ç°µÄʵÏÖÔÊÐí jail Öеij¬¼¶Óû§¸Ä±ä CPU °ó¶¨£¬
224 ÕâÒ»ÐÐΪ½«ÔÚδÀ´µÄ°æ±¾ÖÐÓèÒÔÐÞÕý¡£</para>
228 <para>¿ÉÒÔ°´Ö¸¶¨µÄ·ÓÉ FIB Æô¶¯ &man.jail.8; ÁË¡£</para>
232 <para> Ϊ &man.ddb.8; ÐÂÔöÁË <literal>show jails</literal> ×ÓÃüÁî¡£</para>
236 <para>ÐÂÔöÁËÔÚ 64-λ ϵͳÖÐʹÓà 32-λ jail
237 ¹¤¾ß¹ÜÀí jail µÄÖ§³Ö¡£</para>
241 <para>&man.jail.8; ÖÐ
242 <literal>jail</literal> ºÍ <literal>prison</literal>
243 µÄ°æ±¾¾ù½øÐÐÁ˸üÐÂÒÔÖ§³ÖÕâЩÐÂÌØÐÔ¡£</para>
247 <para>&man.kld.4; Ö§³Ö´ÓÄÚºËÄ£¿éΪ &os; ϵͳµ÷Ó÷Òë²ã°²×° 32-λ ϵͳµ÷ÓÃÁË¡£</para>
249 <para>&man.ktr.4; ÐÂÔöÁË
250 <literal>KTR_CALLOUT</literal> class µÄ KTR ¸ú×ٵ㣬
251 ÓÃÒÔÃèÊö callout »Øµ÷Íê³ÉÖ´ÐС£</para>
253 <para>ÓÃÒÔ¶ÔÒѾ·ÖÅäµÄ
254 System V ¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ½øÐмÇÕ˵ıäÁ¿ÓÉ
255 <literal>int</literal> ¸ÄΪÁË <literal>size_t</literal>¡£
256 ÕâʹµÃÔÚ 64-λ Ó²¼þ¼Ü¹¹ÉÏʹÓó¬¹ý 2 GB µÄ¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ¶Î³ÉΪ¿ÉÄÜ¡£
257 ÇëÁôÒâ &man.shmctl.2; ÖеÄ
259 <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename> ÖеÄÏà¹ØÃèÊöÒÔÁ˽âÕâÒ»ÁÙʱ½â¾ö·½°¸µÄÏÞÖÆ¡£</para>
261 <para>&man.sysctl.3; Ò¶½ÚµãÐÂÔöÁËÒ»¸ö±íʾÆäΪ MPSAFE µÄ±êÖ¾¡£</para>
263 <para>&os; 32-λ ϵͳµ÷Ó÷Òë²ãÐÂÔöÁËΪ
264 <literal>VFS_AIO</literal> °²×° 32-λ ϵͳµ÷ÓõÄÖ§³Ö¡£</para>
266 <para arch="amd64,i386">&os; ÐéÄâÄÚ´æ×ÓϵͳÐÂÔöÁËÕë¶ÔÓ¦ÓóÌÐòµÄ͸Ã÷
267 <application>superpages</application> Ö§³Ö£»
268 Ó¦ÓóÌÐòµÄÄÚ´æÒ³»á¸ù¾ÝʹÓÃÇé¿ö¶¯Ì¬µØÉý¼¶Îª superpage£¬
269 »ò·´Ö®½µ¼¶ÎªÆÕͨÄÚ´æÒ³£¬ ¶øÎÞÐë¶Ô³ÌÐò´úÂë½øÐÐÈκÎÐ޸ġ£
270 ÕâÒ»±ä¶¯ÔÚ·¢»ÓÏÖ´ú´¦ÀíÆ÷¶Ô´óÄÚ´æÒ³Ö§³ÖµÄÓÅÊÆ£¬
271 °üÀ¨Ìá¸ßÐéÄâÄÚ´æϵͳµÄ¿Õ¼äЧÂÊ£¬ ÒÔ¼°½µµÍ
272 TLB (translation lookaside buffer£¬ ¿ìËÙÒ³±íת»»»º³å)
273 δÃüÖЬFÏó¶ø¸ÄÉÆÐÔÄܵÄͬʱ£¬
274 ÓÖ±ÜÃâÁËÐèÒªÐÞ¸ÄÓ¦ÓóÌÐòÒÔ¼°½µµÍÐéÄâÄÚ´æÁé»îÐÔµÄȱµã¡£
275 ÕâÒ»ÌØÐÔĬÈϲ¢²»¿ªÆô£¬ Äú¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý½«Òýµ¼¼ÓÔØÆ÷±äÁ¿
276 <varname>vm.pmap.pg_ps_enabled</varname> ÉèΪ
277 <literal>1</literal> À´ÆôÓÃËü¡£</para>
280 <title>Òýµ¼¼ÓÔØÆ÷±ä¶¯</title>
282 <para>&man.boot.8; ÐÂÔöÁ˶ÔijЩ°æ±¾ &windows; ·ÅÈë MBR
283 µÄ 4-×Ö½Ú ¾í ID£¬ ÒÔ¼°ÔÚһЩ֧³ÖµÄ BIOS ÉÏͨ¹ý°´ F6 À´Æô¶¯
286 <para arch="i386">¶Ô &man.boot.8; BTX ¼ÓÔØÆ÷½øÐÐÁ˸Ľø¡£
287 ÕâÐÞÕýÁËһЩ½ÏеĻúÆ÷ÉÏ 7.1-RELEASE ºÍ½ÏÔç°æ±¾ &os;
288 »áÓöµ½µÄһЩÒýµ¼·½ÃæµÄÎÊÌâ¡£</para>
290 <para>&man.loader.8; ¿ÉÒÔÔÚÍøÂçÒýµ¼µÄ¹ý³Ìͨ¹ý &man.kenv.2; ±äÁ¿À´»ñµÃ
293 <para>ÐÞÕýÁË &man.loader.8; µÄÒ»¸ö³ÌÐò´íÎó¡£
294 ÀàËÆÏÂÃæµÄÅäÖÿÉÒÔÕýÈ·¹¤×÷ÁË£º</para>
296 <programlisting>loader_conf_files="<replaceable>foo</replaceable> <replaceable>bar</replaceable> ${<replaceable>variable</replaceable>}"</programlisting>
300 <title>Ó²¼þÖ§³Ö</title>
302 <para arch="sparc64">&os; ÐÂÔöÁË¶Ô Ultra SPARC III
303 (Cheetah) ϵÁд¦ÀíÆ÷µÄÖ§³Ö¡£</para>
305 <para>&man.acpi.4; ×ÓϵͳÐÂÔöÁËÒ»×é &man.sysctl.8;
306 ±äÁ¿ <varname>debug.batt.batt_sleep_ms</varname>¡£
307 ÔÚʹÓÃÖÇÄܵç³ØµÄ±Ê¼Ç±¾ÉÏ£¬ ÆôÓõç³Ø¼à¿ØÈí¼þ»áµ¼ÖÂÀ´×Ô &man.atkbd.4;
308 µÄ°´¼üʧÁé¡£ Õâ¸ö sysctl ±äÁ¿ÔÚ״̬¼ì²é´úÂëÖÐÔö¼ÓÁËÈô¸ÉºÁÃëµÄÑÓʱ£¬
309 ÒÔÈƹýÕâ¸öÎÊÌâ¡£</para>
311 <para>&man.acpi.asus.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐòÖ§³Ö Asus A8Sr
314 <para arch="powerpc">ÐÂÔöÁ˶ÔÓÚ AltiVec£¬ Ò»ÖÖ¸¡µã¼°ÕûÊý SIMD
315 Ö¸ÁµÄÖ§³Ö¡£</para>
317 <para>ÐÂÔöÁË &man.cpuctl.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐò£¬ ËüÌṩÁËÓëϵͳ CPU
318 Ö®¼äµÄÉ豸 <filename>/dev/cpuctl</filename> ×÷Ϊ½Ó¿Ú¡£
319 ÐÂÔöµÄ &man.cpuctl.4; ¹¦ÄÜ°üÀ¨»ñÈ¡ CPUID
320 ÐÅÏ¢¡¢ ¶Áд»úÆ÷רÓüĴæÆ÷ (machine specific registers, MSR)£¬
321 ÒÔ¼°¸üРCPU ¹Ì¼þµÈ¡£</para>
323 <para>&man.cpufreq.4; Çý¶¯ÐÂÔöÁËÒýµ¼¼ÓÔØÆ÷±äÁ¿
324 <varname>hw.est.msr_info</varname>¡£
325 µ±´Ë±äÁ¿ÉèΪ <literal>1</literal> ʱ£¬
326 Çý¶¯»á³¢ÊÔ´´½¨Ö»°üº¬×î¸ßºÍ×îµÍʱÖÓƵÂʵļòµ¥ÁÐ±í£¬
327 Èç¹ûÎÞ·¨´Ó ACPI »ò¾²Ì¬±íÖлñµÃµÄ»°¡£ ĬÈÏÇé¿öϲ»ÆôÓá£</para>
329 <para arch="amd64,i386">µ± TSC ÊÇ P-״̬ Î޹ز»±äÁ¿Ê±£¬
330 CPU ƵÂʱ仯֪ͨ»á±»½ûÖ¹¡£ ÁíÍ⣬ »¹Ôö¼ÓÁËÒýµ¼¼ÓÔØÆ÷±äÁ¿
331 <varname>kern.timecounter.invariant_tsc</varname>£¬
332 µ±ÉèΪ·ÇÁãÊýֵʱ£¬ ±íʾǿÖÆÕâÒ»ÐÐΪ¡£</para>
334 <para>&man.atkbd.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐòÔÚÂÖѯģʽÆôÓ㬠²¢µ÷ÓüüÅ̻ص÷º¯Êýʱ£¬
335 »á½ûÓÃÖжϴ¦Àí³ÌÐò¡£ ÕâÐÞÕýÁËÔÚ¶à CPU ϵͳÖУ¬
336 µ±ÆôÓÃÁË &man.kbdmux.4; ʱ£¬
337 ÔÚ mountroot Ìáʾ·û´¦³öÏÖÖظ´»òÒÅʧ»÷¼üµÄÎÊÌâ¡£</para>
339 <para>ÔÚ &man.pci.4; ×ÓϵͳÖУ¬ µ±ÆôÓÃ
340 MSI/MSIX ʱ»á½ûÓà INTx¡£ ÕâÒ»±ä¶¯ÐÞÕýÁËһϵÁÐÓëÖжϷ籩ÓйصÄÎÊÌâ¡£</para>
342 <para arch="sparc64">ÐÂÔöÁËÓÃÓÚÖ§³Ö Schizo
343 Fireplane/Safari to PCI 2.1 ºÍ Tomatillo JBus to PCI 2.2
344 ÇÅµÄ schizo(4) Çý¶¯³ÌÐò¡£</para>
346 <para>ÐÂÔöÁËÓÃÓÚ²ÉÓà USB ½Ó¿ÚµÄ 3G ¿¨ºÍÈí¼þ¹·µÄ &man.u3g.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐò£¬
347 ËüÖ§³Ö°üÀ¨ Vodafone Mobile Connect Card 3G¡¢ Qualcomm
348 CDMA MSM¡¢ »ªÎª E220¡¢ Novatel U740¡¢ Sierra MC875U µÈÔÚÄÚµÄһϵÁÐÉ豸¡£
349 ÕâÌṩÁ˶ԶàÖÖÓÉ 3G USB/PC Card
351 USB-µ½-´®¿Ú ½Ó¿Ú¿¨µÄÖ§³Ö£¬ ÕâЩÉ豸¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý &man.ucom.4;
352 Çý¶¯³ÌÐòÀ´Çý¶¯£¬ Æä½Ó¿ÚÀàËÆÓÚ &man.tty.4;¡£</para>
354 <para>&man.sched.ule.4; µ÷¶ÈÆ÷ÐÂÔöÁËÒýµ¼¼ÓÔØÆ÷±äÁ¿
355 <varname>machdep.hyperthreading_enabled</varname>£¬
356 ÀàËÆ &man.sched.4bsd.4; ¶ÔÓ¦µÄ±äÁ¿¡£ ÐèҪעÒâµÄÊÇ£¬
357 Õâ¸ö±äÁ¿ÔÚϵͳÔËÐйý³ÌÖв»Äܸı䡣</para>
360 <title>¶àýÌåÖ§³Ö</title>
362 <para>&man.agp.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐòÐÂÔöÁË¶Ô Intel G4X ϵÁÐͼÐÎоƬ×éµÄÖ§³Ö¡£</para>
364 <para>¶Ô DRM£¬ Ö±½ÓäÖȾ¹ÜÀíÆ÷ÄÚºËÄ£¿é½øÐÐÁ˸üУ¬
365 Õâ¸öÄ£¿éÄܹ»Ïò DRI ¿Í»§Ìṩֱ½Ó·ÃÎÊÓ²¼þµÄÄÜÁ¦¡£
366 Õâ´Î¸üиĽøÁË¶Ô AMD/ATI r500¡¢ r600¡¢ r700¡¢
367 ÒÔ¼°»ùÓÚ IGP µÄоƬ¡¢ XGI V3XE/V5/V8 ºÍ Intel i915
368 оƬ×éµÄÖ§³Ö¡£</para>
370 <para>ÐÂÔöÁËÒýµ¼¼ÓÔØÆ÷±äÁ¿ <varname>hw.drm.msi</varname>£¬
371 ÓÃÓÚ¿ØÖÆ DRM ÊÇ·ñʹÓà MSI¡£
372 ĬÈÏÅäÖÃÊÇ <literal>1</literal> (ÆôÓÃ)¡£</para>
374 <para>ɾ³ýÁËÓÃÓÚ Aureal Vortex
375 1/2/Advantage PCI µÄ snd_au88x0(4) Çý¶¯³ÌÐò£¬
376 ºóÕßÒѾºÜ³¤Ê±¼ä²»ÄÜʹÓÃÁË¡£</para>
378 <para>¸üÐÂÁË &man.snd.hda.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐò¡£
379 ÕâЩ¸üаüº¬ÁË¶Ô HDA ×ÜÏßÉ϶à¸ö±àÂë½âÂëÆ÷¡¢
380 ͬһ±àÂë½âÂëÆ÷É϶à¸ö¹¦ÄÜ×é¡¢
381 ͬһ¹¦ÄÜ×éÉ϶à¸öÒôƵÉ豸¡¢
382 Êý×Ö (SPDIF/HDMI) ÒôƵÊäÈëÊä³ö¡¢
383 ¹ÒÆð/»Ö¸´£¬ ÒÔ¼°²¿·Ö¶à¹ìÒôƵµÄÖ§³Ö¡£</para>
385 <para>Çë×¢Ò⣬ ÓÉÓÚÐÂÔöµÄ HDMI ÒôƵºÍÂß¼ÒôƵÉ豸֧³Ö£¬
386 ¸üкóµÄÇý¶¯³ÌÐòͨ³£»áÌṩ¶à¸ö
387 PCM É豸¡£ ÕâÒâζ×ÅijЩÇé¿öÏÂĬÈϵÄÒôƵÉ豸¿ÉÄܲ»ÔÙ¶ÔÓ¦ÓÚÓû§Ï°¹ßµÄÒôƵ¶Ë×Ó¡£
388 ÕâÖÖÇé¿öÏ£¬ ¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÒôƵӦÓóÌÐòµÄÅäÖã¬
389 »òͨ¹ýÉèÖà <varname>hw.snd.default_unit
390 sysctl</varname> À´È«¾ÖµØ¼ÓÒԸı䣬
391 ¾ßÌåϸ½ÚÏê¼ûÁª»úÊÖ²á &man.sound.4;¡£</para>
395 <title>ÍøÂç½Ó¿ÚÖ§³Ö</title>
397 <para>&man.ae.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐòÖ§³Ö WoL
398 (Wake on LAN) ÁË¡£</para>
400 <para arch="amd64,i386">&man.ale.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐò¼ÓÈëµ½ÁË
401 <filename>GENERIC</filename> Äںˡ£</para>
403 <para>&man.ath.hal.4;£¬ Atheros Ó²¼þ·ÃÎʲ㣬
404 ¸üе½ÁË¿ª·ÅÔ´´úÂëµÄ°æ±¾¡£</para>
406 <para>¶Ô &man.axe.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐòµÄÐÔÄܽøÐÐÁ˸ÄÉÆ£¬
407 Ïû³ýÁ˲»±ØÒªµÄÉÏÏÂÎÄÇл»£¬ ²¢¶Ô Apple USB
408 ÒÔÌ«ÍøÊÊÅäÆ÷ÌṩÁËÖ§³Ö¡£</para>
410 <para>½« &man.bce.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐòµÄ¹Ì¼þ¸üе½ÁË×îа汾 (4.6.X)¡£</para>
412 <para>ciphy(4) Çý¶¯³ÌÐòÄܹ»Ö§³Ö Vitesse VSC8211
415 <para>&man.cxgb.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐò¸üе½Á˹̼þ°æ±¾ 4.7£¬
416 ²¢Ö§³ÖÓ²¼þ MAC ͳ¼ÆÁË¡£</para>
418 <para>&man.fxp.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐò½øÐÐÁ˸Ľø¡£ ¾ßÌå±ä»¯°üÀ¨£º</para>
422 <para>¿ÉÒÔʹÓà &man.ifconfig.8; À´¿ØÖÆУÑéºÍ offload ¹¦ÄÜÁË¡£</para>
426 <para>ÐÂÔöÁË¶Ô 82559 ¼°¸üÐÂÐͺÅÍø¿¨µÄ Rx УÑéºÍ offload µÄÖ§³Ö¡£</para>
430 <para>¼ÓÈëÁË 82550 ºÍ 82551 ¿ØÖÆÆ÷µÄ TSO (TCP ·ÖƬ Offload) Ö§³Ö¡£</para>
434 <para>¼ÓÈëÁ˶ԻùÓÚ 82550¡¢ 82551¡¢ 82558¡¢
435 ÒÔ¼° 82559 ¿ØÖÆÆ÷Íø¿¨µÄ WoL (Wake on LAN) Ö§³Ö¡£ Çë×¢Òâ»ùÓÚ
436 ICH µÄ¿ØÖÆÆ÷»á×÷Ϊ 82559 ´¦Àí£¬ ¶ø 82557¡¢
437 ½ÏÔç°æ±¾µÄ 82558 ÒÔ¼° 82559ER ²¢²»¾ß±¸ WoL ÄÜÁ¦¡£</para>
441 <para>ÐÂÔöÁË VLAN Ó²¼þ±êÇ© ²åÈë/Ïû³ý Ö§³Ö£¬ ÒÔ¼°ÓÃÓÚ VLAN Ö¡µÄ
442 Tx/Rx УÑéºÍ offload Ö§³Ö¡£ Çë×¢ÒâÓ²¼þ¸¨ÖúµÄ VLAN Ö»ÓÐÔÚ»ùÓÚ
443 82550 »ò 82551 µÄ¿ØÖÆÆ÷ÉϲſÉÒÔʹÓá£</para>
447 <para>ÐÞÕýÁ˵¼ÖÂÒýµ¼¼ÓÔØÆ÷±äÁ¿ <varname>hw.igb.ave_latency</varname>
448 ÎÞ·¨Õý³£¹¤×÷µÄ &man.igb.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐòµÄÎÊÌâ¡£</para>
450 <para>&man.ixgbe.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐò¸üе½ÁË 1.7.4 °æ±¾¡£</para>
452 <para>&man.jme.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐòÐÂÔöÁ˶ԽÏÐ嵀 JMicron
453 JMC250/JMC260 °æ±¾µÄÖ§³Ö¡£</para>
455 <para>¶Ô &man.msk.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐò½øÐÐÁ˸Ľø¡£ ÐÞÕýÁ˵¼ÖÂÆäÔÚijЩÇé¿ö϶ÏÏßµÄÎÊÌâ¡£
456 ÐÂÔöÁËÓ²¼þ MAC ͳ¼ÆÖ§³Ö£¬ Óû§¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý sysctl ±äÁ¿
457 <varname>dev.msk.<replaceable>N</replaceable>.stats</varname>
458 À´»ñµÃÕâЩÊý¾Ý¡£</para>
460 <para>&man.mxge.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐòÖ§³ÖһЩеÄÓ²¼þ£¬
461 ÒÔ¼° 10GBASE-LRM ºÍ 10GBASE-Twinax ½éÖÊÀàÐÍÁË¡£</para>
463 <para>&man.nfe.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐòÐÂÔöÁËÓ²¼þ MAC ͳ¼ÆÖ§³Ö¡£</para>
465 <para>¶Ô &man.re.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐò½øÐÐÁ˸Ľø¡£ ËüÄܹ»¼ì²âÁ´Â·×´Ì¬ÁË¡£
467 <varname>hw.re.prefer_iomap</varname> Äܹ»¿ØÖÆÄÚ´æ¼Ä´æÆ÷Ó³ÉäÊÇ·ñ½ûÓá£
468 Õâ¸ö±äÁ¿ÔÚ³ýÁË RTL8169SC ϵÁÐÖ®ÍâµÄÆäËû¿ØÖÆÆ÷ÉϵÄÔ¤ÉèÖµ¶¼ÊÇ
469 <literal>0</literal>¡£</para>
471 <para>¶Ô &man.rl.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐò½øÐÐÁ˸Ľø¡£ ËüÄܹ»¼ì²âÁ´Â·×´Ì¬ÁË¡£
472 ´ËÍ⣬ µ¼ÖÂËüÔÚÄڴ泬¹ý 4GB µÄϵͳÉÏÎÞ·¨Õý³£¹¤×÷µÄÎÊÌâÒ²µÃµ½ÁËÐÞÕý¡£</para>
474 <para>ÐÞÕýÁË &man.sis.4; ¹ØÓÚ´ø VLAN ±êÇ©Ö¡´¦Àí·½ÃæµÄÎÊÌâ¡£</para>
476 <para>&man.txp.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐòÄܹ»ÔÚËùÓÐÊÜÖ§³ÖµÄƽ̨ÉÏÔËÐÐÁË¡£
477 ´ËÍ⻹¼ÓÈëÁË¶Ô &man.altq.4;¡¢
478 WoL¡¢ ÆôÓà VLAN ʱµÄУÑéºÍ offload µÄÖ§³Ö£¬
479 ²¢¸Ä½øÁËÁ´Â·±ä»¯´¦Àí¡£ ÐÂÔöÁËÓÃÓÚ·ÃÎÊ MAC ͳ¼ÆµÄ sysctl ±äÁ¿
480 <varname>dev.txp.<replaceable>N</replaceable>.stats</varname>¡£
481 ÐÂÔöÁËÓÃÓÚ¿ØÖÆ Rx ´¦Àí³ÌÐòÿ´Î´¦ÀíÖ¡ÊýÁ¿µÄ sysctl ±äÁ¿
482 <varname>dev.txp.<replaceable>N</replaceable>.process_limit</varname>
483 (Ô¤ÉèֵΪ 64£¬ ¿ÉÒÔÔÚ 16 µ½ 128 Ö®¼äµ÷Õû£¬ µ¥Î»ÎªÖ¡)¡£
484 ¹Ì¼þ¸üе½ÁË×îа汾¡£</para>
488 <sect3 id="net-proto">
489 <title>ÍøÂçÐÒé</title>
491 <para>δ°ó¶¨ socket µÄ IPv4 Ô´µØÖ·Ñ¡ÔñÒÔÏÂÁз½Ê½ÊµÏÖ£º</para>
495 <para>Èç¹ûÓзÓÉ£¬ ÔòʹÓÃÓëµØÖ·Ïà¹ØµÄ½Ó¿Ú×÷Ϊ·¢³ö½Ó¿Ú¡£</para>
499 <para>ÆäËûÇé¿öÏ£¬ ¼Ù¶¨Ô¶³ÌµØÖ·¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÖ±½ÓÁ¬½ÓµÄÍøÂçµ½´ï£¬
500 ²¢¾Ý´Ë²éÕÒÔ´µØÖ·¡£</para>
504 <para>¶¼²»³É¹¦Ê±£¬ ʹÓÃĬÈ쵀 jail µØÖ·¡£</para>
508 <para>ÕâÒ²»á¸Ä±ä &man.jail.8; ÄÚ½ø³ÌÑ¡Ôñ IP µÄÓïÒ壬
509 ÒòΪËü²ÉÓÃÓë &man.jail.8; ÒÔÍâ½ø³ÌÏàͬµÄÂß¼¡£</para>
511 <para>ÓÃÓÚ IPv6 µÄ TCP MD5 Ç©ÃûÑ¡Ïî (RFC 2385) ÒÔÓë
512 IPv4 ÏàͬµÄ·½Ê½ÊµÏÖÁË¡£</para>
514 <para>&man.ng.netflow.4; Netgraph ½ÚµãÔÚ ingress »ù´¡ÉÏÐÂÔöÁËÉú³É
515 egress netflow µÄÖ§³Ö£¬ ²¢¿Éµ¥¶À»ò½áºÏʹÓᣠÕë¶Ô´ËÐÂÔö¹¦ÄÜ£¬
516 ÐÂÔöÁË¿ØÖÆÏûÏ¢ <literal>NGM_NETFLOW_SETCONFIG</literal>¡£</para>
518 <para>&man.tap.4; ÒÔÌ«ÍøËíµÀÈí¼þÍøÂç½Ó¿ÚÐÂÔöÁË <literal>TAPGIFNAME</literal>
519 ×Ö·ûÉ豸 ioctl¡£ ËüÄܹ»·½±ãµØÈ¡µÃÒѾ´ò¿ªµÄ×Ö·ûÉ豸Ëù¶ÔÓ¦µÄÍøÂç½Ó¿ÚÃû×Ö¡£</para>
521 <para>&man.tap.4; ÐÂÔöÁË
522 <literal>SIOCSIFMTU</literal> ioctl ÓÃÓÚÉèÖó¬¹ý
523 1500 (ETHERMTU) µÄ MTU¡£ ÕâʹµÃ &man.tap.4; É豸Äܹ»¼ÓÈëµ½ÅäÖÃÁË jumbo
524 Ö¡Ö§³ÖµÄÍøÇÅÉÏ (ÒòΪÍøÇųÉÔ±½Ó¿Ú±ØÐëʹÓÃͬÑùµÄ MTU)¡£</para>
526 <para>ÓÃÓÚ´¦Àí &man.unix.4; (UNIX ÓòÐÒé×å) ×Óϵͳ֧³ÖµÄÓòµÄÓòÁбíÊÇ MPSAFE µÄÁË¡£</para>
530 <title>´ÅÅ̺ʹ洢</title>
532 <para>&man.ata.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐòÐÂÔöÁË¶Ô Marvell PATA M88SX6121 µÄÖ§³Ö¡£</para>
534 <para>&man.ata.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐò»á½« nForce MCP67 ºÍ
535 MCP73 SATA ¿ØÖÆÆ÷ÊÓ×÷ AHCI ÁË¡£</para>
537 <para>&man.ataraid.4; ÐÂÔöÁ˶ÔÓÚ Adaptec HostRAID ¿ØÖÆÆ÷µÄ
538 DDF ÔªÊý¾ÝµÄ³õ²½Ö§³Ö¡£ Çë×¢ÒâÄ¿Ç°»¹²»Ö§³ÖÈȱ¸Å̺ÍÖؽ¨²Ù×÷¡£</para>
540 <para>&man.cam.4; SCSI ×ÓϵͳÐÂÔöÁË sysctl
541 ±äÁ¿ <varname>kern.cam.cd.retry_count</varname>¡£
542 ËüµÄ×÷ÓÃÊÇ¿ØÖÆ CD ½éÖʵÄÖØÊÔ´ÎÊý¡£ µ±¶ÁÈ¡»®ÉË»òÆÆËðµÄ CD ºÍ DVD ʱ£¬
543 ĬÈϵĻúÖƹ¤×÷µÄ²»Ì«ºÃ£¬ ¶øÀàËÆ
544 <application>ddrescue</application> ÕâÑùµÄ³ÌÐòÔڹرÕÁËÖØÊÔʱ£¬
545 ÓÉÓÚ²ÉÓÃÁË×Ô¼ºµÄÖØÊÔËã·¨£¬ »á¿ìÐí¶à¡£ ĬÈÏÖµÊÇ <literal>4</literal>
546 (±íʾһ¹²³¢ÊÔ 5 ´Î)¡£ ÉèΪ
547 <literal>0</literal> ±íʾÍêÈ«¹Ø±ÕÖØÊÔ¡£</para>
549 <para>ÐÞÕýÁË &man.ciss.4; Çý¶¯µÄµ¼ÖÂ
550 <quote>max device openings</quote> µÍ£¬
551 ²¢½ø¶øµ¼ÖÂÐÔÄܵÍϵÄÎÊÌâ¡£</para>
553 <para>&man.glabel.8; GEOM class ÐÂÔöÁ˶ÔÒ»ÖÖ»ùÓÚ
554 UFS µÄÃûΪ <literal>ufsid</literal> ±êÇ©µÄÖ§³Ö£¬
555 ÕâÖÖ±êÇ©¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´±í´ïÎļþϵͳΨһ ID µÄÒýÓᣠÈç¹ûÆôÓã¬
556 Îļþϵͳ ID »áÓÉ &man.glabel.8; GEOM À´²úÉúºÍʶ±ð¡£
557 ÕâÀà±êÇ©µÄÐÎʽÀàËÆÓÚ£º
558 <filename>/dev/ufsid/48e69c8b5c8e1b43</filename>¡£
559 ʹÓÃÕâÀà GEOM ±êÇ©Äܹ»±ÜÃâÔÚ¸ü»»Çý¶¯Æ÷»ò¿ØÖÆÆ÷ʱÒýÖµÄÉ豸Ãû³Æ±ä»¯ÎÊÌâ¡£</para>
561 <para>&man.gjournal.8; GEOM class Ö§³Ö¸ùÎļþϵͳÁË¡£
562 ÔÚ֮ǰµÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬ Èç¹û¹Ø±ÕϵͳûÓÐÖ´ÐÐÍêÕûµÄÍ£»ú²Ù×÷£¬
563 ʹÓÃÁËÈÕÖ¾µÄ¸ùÎļþϵͳÔÚÏ´ÎÒýµ¼Ê±»áÎÞ·¨¹Ò½Ó¡£</para>
565 <para>¸üÐÂÁË &man.gpart.8; ¹¤¾ß¡£ APM ·ÖÇø¸ñʽÐÂÔöÁ˶Ô
566 Tivo Series 1 ·ÖÇøµÄÖ§³Ö (Ö»¶Á)£¬
567 ÐÂÔöÁË EBR ¸ñʽÀ´Ö§³Ö Extended Boot Records£¬
568 BSD ¸ñʽÐÂÔöÁ˶ÔÒýµ¼´úÂëµÄÖ§³Ö£¬ ²¢ÐÞÕýÁË
569 PC98 ºÍ VTOC8 ¸ñʽ֧³ÖµÄһЩСÎÊÌâ¡£</para>
571 <para>ÐÞÕýÁË &man.gvinum.8; ·ÃÎÊÓÉ gvinum plex ʹÓõÄÉ豸·ÃÎÊȨÏÞµÄÎÊÌâ¡£
572 Èç¹û plex ×é³ÉÁË raid5 plex£¬ ÔÚдÈëÊý¾Ýʱϵͳ¿ÉÄܲ»µÃ²»¶ÁÈ¡ÆäϵĴÅÅÌ£¬
573 ÕâʹµÃÕâЩ´ÅÅ̱ØÐëÒÔ¶Áд·½Ê½´ò¿ª¡£</para>
575 <para>&man.hptmv.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐò¸üе½ÁËÀ´×Ô³§É̵Ä
578 <para>&man.mmc.4; ºÍ &man.mmcsd.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐòÖ§³Ö MMC
579 ºÍ SDHC ¿¨¡¢ ¸ßËÙʱÖÓ¡¢ ¿í×ÜÏßÒÔ¼°¶à¿é´«ÊäÁË¡£</para>
581 <para arch="sparc64">&man.mpt.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐò¼ÓÈëµ½
582 <filename>GENERIC</filename> ÄÚºËÁË¡£</para>
584 <para>ÐÂÔöÁË &man.sdhci.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐò¡£ ËüÖ§³Ö·ûºÏ SD
585 Ö÷»ú¿ØÖÆÆ÷±ê×¼µÄ class 8¡¢
586 subclass 5 µÄ PCI É豸¡£</para>
588 <para>&man.sdhci.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐòÖ§³ÖÄں˱ÀÀ£×ª´æÁË£¬
589 sysctl ±äÁ¿ <varname>hw.sdhci.debug</varname> Äܹ»µ÷Õûµ÷ÊÔÐÅÏ¢¼¶±ð¡£</para>
591 <para>&man.twa.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐòÖ§³Ö 64-λ DMA ÁË¡£</para>
593 <para>&man.mmc.4; &man.mmcsd.4; ÒÔ¼° &man.sdhci.4; Çý¶¯³ÌÐò£¬
594 Ä¿Ç°ÒÔÄÚºËÄ£¿éµÄ·½Ê½Ìṩ¡£</para>
598 <title>Îļþϵͳ</title>
600 <para>¶ÔÀ©Õ¹·ÃÎÊ¿ØÖÆÁбí &man.acl.3; µÄÓïÒå½øÐÐÁËÀ©Õ¹£¬
605 <para>µ±À©Õ¹ÊôÐÔÌí¼Ó¡¢ Ð޸Ļòɾ³ýʱ£¬
606 inode µÄÐÞ¸Äʱ¼ä (mtime) ²»ËæÖ®¸üС£</para>
610 <para>µ±²éѯÀ©Õ¹ÊôÐÔʱ£¬ inode µÄ·ÃÎÊʱ¼ä (atime)
615 <para>&os; NFS ÎļþϵͳÐÂÔöÁËÒ»¸ö sysctl ±äÁ¿
616 <varname>vfs.nfs.prime_access_cache</varname> ÓÃÓÚ¿ØÖÆ
617 <function>nfs_getattr()</function> ÊÇ·ñʹÓÃ
618 ACCESS RPC À´Ë¢Ð·ÃÎÊ»º´æ£¬ ¶ø²»ÊǼòµ¥µØ
619 GETATTR RPC¡£ ÔÚÐí¶à NFS ·þÎñÆ÷ÉÏ£¬ NFSv3 ¹Ò½Óʱ£¬ ACCESS
620 RPC µÄ¿ªÏúÒª±È GETATTR RPC ´óµÄ¶à¡£ ĬÈÏÇé¿öÏ£¬
621 Õâ¸ö sysctl ÊÇÆôÓÃ״̬£¬ ÒÔ±£³ÖÏÈÇ°µÄÐÐΪ¡£</para>
623 <para>&os; UDF Îļþϵͳ֧³Ö fifo ÁË¡£</para>
625 <para>¸Ä½øÁË &man.VFS.9; ×ÓϵͳÖвéѯ·¾¶ÃûʱµÄ vnode ¹²ÏíËø¡£
626 ĬÈÏÇé¿öÏÂÕâÒ»¹¦ÄÜÊǹرյġ£ ͨ¹ý½« sysctl
627 <varname>vfs.lookup_shared</varname> ÉèΪ <literal>1</literal>
628 Äܹ»ÆôÓÃÕâÒ»¹¦ÄÜ£¬ ²¢Ìṩ¸üºÃµÄÐÔÄÜ¡£ Çë×¢Ò⣬ ÄÚºËÑ¡Ïî
629 <literal>LOOKUP_SHARED</literal> ±íʾÓÀ¾ÃÐÔÆôÓÃÕâÒ»¹¦ÄÜ£¬
630 ´Ëʱ sysctl ±äÁ¿»á²»¸´´æÔÚ¡£</para>
634 <sect2 id="userland">
635 <title>Óû§Ì¬»·¾³±ä¶¯</title>
637 <para>ÐÞÕýÁË &man.atacontrol.8; ¹¤¾ßÒ»´¦µ±
638 <filename>/usr</filename> ûÓйҽÓʱ£¬
639 »ò´Ó <filename>/rescue</filename> ÖÐÖ´Ðй¤¾ßʱµÄÎÊÌâ¡£</para>
641 <para>´Ó NetBSD ÒýÈëÁË &man.btpand.8; ·þÎñ¡£ Õâ¸ö·þÎñÌṩÁË¶Ô Bluetooth Network Access
642 Point (NAP)¡¢ Group Ad-hoc Network (GN) ºÍ Personal Area
643 Network User (PANU) ÅäÖõÄÖ§³Ö¡£</para>
645 <para>&man.ncal.1; ¹¤¾ßÖ§³Ö¶à×Ö½Ú×Ö·ûÁË¡£</para>
647 <para>&man.config.8; ¹¤¾ßÖ§³Ö¶àÐÐ
648 <varname>makeoption</varname> ÅäÖÃÁË¡£</para>
650 <para>&man.csup.1; ¹¤¾ßÐÂÔöÁËÓÃÓÚÏÂÔØÍêÕû CVS ¿âµÄ CVSMode¡£
651 Çë×¢Ò⣬ rsync ´«ÊäģʽĿǰÊǽûÓõġ£</para>
653 <para>&man.dirname.1; ¹¤¾ßºÍ &man.basename.1; Ò»ÑùÄܹ»´¦Àí¶à¸ö²ÎÊýÁË¡£</para>
655 <para>&man.du.1; ¹¤¾ßÐÂÔöÁË <option>-l</option>
656 Ñ¡Ïî¡£ µ±Ö¸¶¨Õâ¸öÑ¡Ïîʱ£¬ &man.du.1; ¹¤¾ß»á½«Í¬Ò»ÎļþµÄ²»Í¬Ó²Á¬½ÓÊÓ×÷²»Í¬µÄÎļþ¡£</para>
658 <para>&man.du.1; ¹¤¾ßÐÂÔöÁË <option>-A</option> Ñ¡Ï
659 ±íʾÏÔʾ¿É¼û³ß´ç¶ø·Ç´ÅÅÌÉϵijߴ硣 µ±ÔÚѹËõ¾í»òÏ¡ÊèÎļþÉϽøÐвÙ×÷ʱ£¬
660 Õâ¸öÑ¡Ïî»áÓÐËù°ïÖú¡£</para>
662 <para>&man.du.1; ¹¤¾ßÐÂÔöÁËÓÃÓÚÖ¸¶¨¼ÆËã¿éÊýÁ¿Ê±¿é³ß´çµÄ <option>-B
663 <replaceable>blocksize</replaceable></option> Ñ¡Ï ±íʾÒÔ
664 <replaceable>blocksize</replaceable> ×Ö½Ú×÷Ϊһ¿éÀ´¼ÆËã¡£
665 ÕâºÍ <option>-k</option> »ò <option>-m</option> Ñ¡Ï
666 ÒÔ¼°ÉèÖà <varname>BLOCKSIZE</varname> µÄЧ¹û²»Í¬£¬ Ëü»á¸ø³öµ±Ê¹ÓÃ
667 <replaceable>blocksize</replaceable> ʱÔÚÎļþϵͳ²ã´Î½á¹¹ÖÐËùʹÓõĿռä¹À¼Æ¡£
669 <option>-A</option> ģʽ£¬ <replaceable>blocksize</replaceable>
670 »á×Ô¶¯ÏòÉÏÈ¡Õûµ½ÏÂÒ»¸ö 512 µÄÕûÊý±¶Êý¡£</para>
672 <para>&man.dumpfs.8; ¹¤¾ßÐÂÔöÁË
673 <option>-f</option> Ñ¡Ï ±íʾ°´ËéƬ (¿é)
674 ±àºÅÁгöÎļþϵͳÖеÄÈ«²¿¿ÕÏÐËéƬ¡£
675 Õâ¸öеÄģʽ»á¼ÆËã²¢Éú³É¾ø¶ÔµÄ¿ÕÏÐËéƬÊýÁ¿£¬
676 ¶ø²»ÊÇĬÈÏģʽÖÐÖùÃæ×éÔªÊý¾ÝÖеÄÏà¶ÔÊýÄ¿¡£</para>
678 <para>Èç¹ûÖ¸¶¨ÁËÒ»´Î <option>-f</option>£¬
679 Á¬ÐøµÄ¿ÕÏÐÇøÓò»á±í´ïΪ X-Y µÄÐÎʽ£¬ ÀàËÆÓÚÄ¿Ç°¿ÕÏпéµÄÏÔʾ·½Ê½¡£
680 Èç¹ûÖ¸¶¨Á½´Î£¬ Ôòÿ¸ö¿ÕÏп鶼»áÏÔʾ³öÀ´£¬
681 ÕâʹµÃ¹¤¾ßÄܹ»Í¬Ê±Éú³É¾«¼ò¸ñʽºÍÊʺϽű¾´¦ÀíµÄ¸ñʽ¡£</para>
683 <para>&man.fetch.1; ¹¤¾ßÐÂÔöÁË
684 <option>-i</option> ²ÎÊýÓÃÒÔÖ§³Ö HTTP 1.1 ÇëÇóÖÐµÄ If-Modified-Since¡£
685 Ö¸¶¨´ËÑ¡Ïîʱ£¬ Ö»Óе±Ô¶³ÌÎļþ±È±¾µØÎļþµÄ mtime ¸üÐÂʱ²Å»áÕæÕýÏÂÔØ¡£
686 ÁíÍ⣬ <application>libfetch</application> ÏÖÔÚÖ§³ÖÔÚ url
687 ½á¹¹ÖÐÖ¸¶¨ mtime£¬ ²¢Ôö¼ÓÁËÒ»¸ö±êÖ¾À´±í´ïÐèҪʹÓÃÕâÖÖ¹¦ÄÜ¡£</para>
689 <para>&man.fsck.8; ¹¤¾ßÐÂÔöÁ˱íʾ <literal>check clean</literal> µÄ
690 <option>-C</option> ²ÎÊý¡£ ÕâÖÖģʽÏ£¬ µ±Éϴβ»ÊÇÕý³£Ð¶ÏÂÎļþϵͳʱ£¬
691 ²Å»á½øÐÐÍêÕûµÄ¼ì²é£¬ ·´Ö®ÔòÌø¹ý¼ì²é¡£</para>
693 <para>&man.fsck.8; ¹¤¾ßÐÂÔöÁËÓÃÓÚ¹ÊÕϻָ´µÄ
694 <option>-D</option> Ñ¡Ï ͨ¹ý²ÉÓøüΪ¼¤½øµÄ²Ù×÷£¬ ËüÄÜÈÃ
695 &man.fsck.8; ÔÚ·¢ÉúÑÏÖØÊý¾ÝËð»ÙµÄÎļþϵͳÉϳÖÐøÔËÐС£
696 µ±´ÅÅÌÊý¾Ý·¢ÉúÑÏÖØË𻵲¢µ¼Ö &man.fsck.8; ±ÀÀ£Ê±£¬
697 ÕâÖÖģʽ¿ÉÒÔ×÷Ϊ×îºóµÄ·½·¨Ê¹Óá£</para>
699 <para>&man.getaddrinfo.3; º¯ÊýÖ§³Ö SCTP ÁË¡£</para>
701 <para>ÐÞÕýÁË &man.ipfw.8; ¹¤¾ßµÄÒ»´¦µ¼ÖÂÔÚÖ¸¶¨ÁË <option>-q</option>
702 Ñ¡Ïîʱ£¬ ÈÔÔÚÕë¶Ô NAT ¹æÔòµÄ²Ù×÷ÖÐÏÔʾ¶àÓàÐÅÏ¢µÄÎÊÌâ¡£</para>
704 <para>&man.ln.1; ¹¤¾ßÐÂÔöÁËÓÃÓÚ¼ì²âÔÎļþÊÇ·ñ´æÔÚµÄ <option>-w</option>
705 Ñ¡Ïî¡£ µ±Ö¸¶¨ÁËÕâ¸öÑ¡Ïî¶øÔÎļþ²»´æÔÚʱ£¬ &man.ln.1; »á¸ø³ö¾¯¸æ¡£</para>
707 <para>&man.make.1; ¹¤¾ßÐÂÔöÁËÓÃÓÚÏÔʾÊäÈëͼ£¬ ¶ø²»Ö´ÐÐÈκÎÃüÁîµÄ
708 <option>-p</option> Ñ¡Ï ÆäÊä³öÓë
709 <option>-d g1</option> Ïàͬ¡£ µ±ÅäºÏ <option>-f
710 /dev/null</option> ʹÓÃʱ£¬ ÔòÖ»ÏÔʾÄÚ½¨µÄ¹æÔò¡£</para>
712 <para>&man.make.1; ¹¤¾ßÐÂÔöÁË×èÖ¹ÏÔʾÎļþ±êÌâµÄ
713 <option>-Q</option> Ñ¡Ï Æä×÷ÓÃÓë
714 <option>-q</option> ºÍ <option>-j</option> ²ÎÊýͬʱָ¶¨Ê±Ïàͬ¡£</para>
716 <para>&man.make.1; ÐÂÔöÁ˶Ô
717 <varname>.MAKE.JOB.PREFIX</varname> ±äÁ¿µÄÖ§³Ö¡£ Èç¹ûÖ¸¶¨ÁË
718 <option>-j</option> ºÍ <option>-v</option>£¬
719 Ôòÿ¸öÁª±àÄ¿±êÊä³ö֮ǰ»áÏÔʾ <literal>---
720 <replaceable>target</replaceable> ---</literal>£¬
721 Õⲿ·ÖÊä³öÊÜÕâ¸ö±äÁ¿¿ØÖÆ¡£</para>
723 <para>&man.make.1; ¹¤¾ßÐÂÔöÁË
724 <varname>.MAKE.PID</varname> ºÍ <varname>.MAKE.PPID</varname>
725 ±äÁ¿µÄÖ§³Ö¡£ ÕâÁ½¸ö±äÁ¿·Ö±ð»á±»ÉèΪ &man.make.1;
726 µÄ½ø³Ì ID£¬ ÒÔ¼°Æ丸½ø³ÌµÄ ID¡£</para>
728 <para>ÐÂÔöÁË´ÓĿ¼´´½¨ÎļþϵͳӳÏñµÄ &man.makefs.8; ¹¤¾ß¡£</para>
730 <para>&man.mergemaster.8; ¹¤¾ßÐÂÔöÁËÓÃÓÚÖ±½Ó°²×°Ö»Óа汾¿ØÖÆ ID ×Ö·û´®²»Í¬µÄÎļþµÄ
731 <option>-F</option> Ñ¡Ïî¡£</para>
733 <para>&man.mount.8; ¹¤¾ßÐÂÔöÁË <option>-o
734 mountprog=<replaceable>/somewhere/mount_xxx</replaceable></option>
735 Ñ¡Ï ÓÃÓÚÇ¿ÖÆÖ¸¶¨Ê¹ÓÃij¸ö³ÌÐò£¬ ¶ø²»ÊÇÖ±½Óµ÷Óà &man.nmount.2;
736 À´¹Ò½ÓÎļþϵͳ¡£ µäÐ͵ÄÓ÷¨ÊÇÅäºÏÀàËÆ
737 FUSE ÕâÑùµÄµÚÈý·½³ÌÐòʹÓá£</para>
739 <para>&man.netstat.1; ¹¤¾ßÔÚÖ¸¶¨ÁË <option>-L</option>
740 ¿ª¹Øʱ£¬ Äܹ»±¨¸æ &man.unix.4;
741 sockets µÄ¼àÌý¶ÓÁÐͳ¼ÆÁË¡£</para>
743 <para>ÐÞÕýÁËÏÈÇ°°æ±¾ &man.netstat.1; ¹¤¾ßʹÓÃÏÂÁÐÑ¡ÏîʱµÄ±ÀÀ£ÎÊÌ⣺</para>
745 <screen>&prompt.user; netstat -m -N foo</screen>
747 <para>ÐÞÕýÁË &man.netstat.1; ¹¤¾ßÖе¼ÖÂ
748 <option>-ss</option> ÎÞ·¨ÕýÈ·ÏÔʾ icmp6 ²¿·ÖµÄÎÊÌâ¡£</para>
750 <para>&man.pciconf.8; ¹¤¾ßÐÂÔöÁË
751 <option>-b</option> ¿ª¹Ø£¬ ±íʾÁгöΪÿ¸öÉ豸Ëù·ÖÅäµÄ»ùµØÖ·¼Ä´æÆ÷ (BAR)¡£</para>
753 <para>¶Ô &man.powerd.8; ³ÌÐò½øÐÐÁ˸Ľø¡£ ÕâЩ±ä¶¯°üÀ¨ÔÚ SMP
754 ϵͳÖÐ¶Ô CPU ¸ºÔؽøÐÐÕýÈ·¹À¼Æ£¬ ÒÔ¼°ÅäºÏ½»Á÷µçԴʹÓõÄÐÂģʽ
755 <literal>hiadaptive</literal>¡£ <literal>hiadaptive</literal> ģʽ½«
756 CPU ƵÂʵ÷ÕûΪ <literal>adaptive</literal> µÄÁ½±¶£¬
757 ²¢ÔÚÐèҪʱ½« CPU ½µÆµµ½ÔÏȵÄËÄ·ÖÖ®Ò»£¬ ʹ CPU ¸ºÔؼõÉÙÒ»°ë£¬
758 ²¢ÑÓ³ÙÔÚ×î´ó¸ºÔØÖ®ºóÀ뿪×î¸ßƵÂʵÄʱ¼ä¡£</para>
760 <para>Ö¸¶¨ <option>-x</option> ¿ª¹Øʱ£¬ &man.stat.1;
761 ¹¤¾ßÄܹ»Ò԰˽øÖƱíʾ suid¡¢ sgid ºÍ sticky
764 <para>ÐÂÔöÁË &man.strndup.3; º¯Êý¡£</para>
766 <para>&man.wc.1; ¹¤¾ßÐÂÔöÁËÓÃÓÚÊä³öÎļþÖÐ×һÐг¤¶ÈµÄ <option>-L</option>
769 <para>ÐÞÕýÁ˵¼Ö &man.rpc.yppasswdd.8; ³ÌÐòÔÚÐ޸ĿÚÁî»òĬÈÏ shell
770 ʱÁôÏÂÒ»¸ö½©Ê¬½ø³ÌµÄÎÊÌâ¡£</para>
773 <sect3 id="rc-scripts">
774 <title><filename>/etc/rc.d</filename> ½Å±¾</title>
782 <title>»ù±¾ÏµÍ³ÖеĵÚÈý·½Èí¼þ</title>
784 <para><application>ISC BIND</application> ¸üе½ÁË 9.4.3-P2 °æ¡£</para>
786 <para>ʱÇøÊý¾Ý¿â´Ó <application>tzdata2008h</application> °æÉý¼¶µ½ÁË
787 <application>tzdata2009f</application> °æ¡£</para>
791 <title>Ports/Packages Ì×¼þ»ù´¡ÉèÊ©</title>
793 <para>ÐÞÕýÁ˵¼Ö &man.pkg.create.1; ¹¤¾ßµÄ <option>-n</option>
794 ¿ª¹ØÎÞ·¨Õý³£¹¤×÷µÄÎÊÌâ¡£</para>
796 <para>&os; Ports Ì×¼þÖ§³ÖÔÚһЩ port ÉÏͬʱÆô¶¯¶à¸ö
797 &man.make.1; ÈÎÎñÁË¡£ Õâ¸ö¹¦ÄÜÔÚ±ê¼ÇÁË
798 <varname>MAKE_JOBS_SAFE</varname> µÄ port ÉÏ»á×Ô¶¯ÆôÓã¬
799 Ëüͨ¹ýÔÚ×÷ÕßÌṩµÄ¶¥¼¶ <filename>Makefile</filename> ÉÏʹÓÃ
800 <option>-j<replaceable>X</replaceable></option> À´¸ÄÉÆ CPU ÀûÓÃÂÊ¡£
801 Êý×Ö <replaceable>X</replaceable> ĬÈÏÉèΪϵͳÖеÄ
802 CPU ÊýÁ¿£¬ ²¢¿Éͨ¹ý &man.make.1;
803 ±äÁ¿ <varname>MAKE_JOBS_NUMBER</varname> À´¸Ä±ä¡£
804 ÈçÓûÁ˽â½øÒ»²½µÄÏêÇ飬
805 Çë²ÎÔÄ <filename>ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk</filename>¡£</para>
809 <title>½»¸¶¹¤³ÌÓëϵͳ¼¯³É</title>
811 <para>Ö§³ÖµÄ <application>GNOME</application> ×ÀÃæ»·¾³
812 (<filename role="package">x11/gnome2</filename>)
813 ´Ó 2.22 Éý¼¶µ½ÁË 2.26¡£</para>
815 <para>Ö§³ÖµÄ <application>KDE</application> ×ÀÃæ»·¾³£¬
817 role="package">x11/kde3</filename>) Éý¼¶µ½ÁË 4.2.2 (<filename
818 role="package">x11/kde4</filename>)¡£</para>
831 <title>´ÓÏÈÇ°°æ±¾µÄ &os; Éý¼¶</title>
833 <para arch="amd64,i386">´Ó &os; 6.2-RELEASE ¿ªÊ¼£¬
834 ϵͳÒѾÄܹ»Í¨¹ýʹÓà &man.freebsd-update.8; À´ÊµÏÖ RELEASE °æ±¾Ö®¼ä
835 (ÒÔ¼°²»Í¬°²È«·ÖÖ§µÄ¿ìÕÕ°æ±¾) µÄ¶þ½øÖÆÉý¼¶¡£
836 ¶þ½øÖÆÉý¼¶¹ý³Ì½«¸üÐÂδ¾Ð޸ĵÄÓû§»·¾³¹¤¾ß£¬
837 ÒÔ¼°Ëæ¹Ù·½ &os; ·¢Ðа淢²¼µÄ¡¢ δ×÷ÐÞ¸ÄµÄ GENERIC »ò
838 SMP Äںˡ£ ʹÓà &man.freebsd-update.8; ¹¤¾ßµÄÖ÷»ú£¬
839 ÐèÒªÓпÉÓÃµÄ Internet Á¬½Ó¡£</para>
841 <para>¾ÉʽµÄ¶þ½øÖÆÉý¼¶£¬ ÔòÊÇͨ¹ýËæ CDROM ·¢ÐнéÖÊÌṩµÄ &man.sysinstall.8; µÄ
842 <command>Upgrade</command> Ñ¡ÏîÀ´Íê³ÉµÄ¡£ ÕâÖÖ¶þ½øÖÆÉý¼¶·½Ê½£¬
843 ¶ÔÓÚ ·Ç-&arch.i386;¡¢ ·Ç-&arch.amd64; µÄ£¬
844 ÒÔ¼°Ã»ÓнÓÈë Internet µÄϵͳ¶øÑÔ»á±È½ÏÓÐÓá£</para>
846 <para>´ËÍ⣬ Ò²¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÔ´´úÂë´Ó½ÏÔç°æ±¾Éý¼¶µÄ·½Ê½ (ͨ¹ý´ÓÔ´´úÂëÖØбàÒë &os;
847 µÄ»ù±¾ÏµÍ³)£¬ Æä²Ù×÷·½·¨Çë²Î¼û
848 <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename>¡£</para>
851 <para>ºÜÏÔÈ»£¬Éý¼¶ &os; ʱ£¬Ó¦¸ÃÊ×Ïȱ¸·Ý
852 <emphasis>È«²¿</emphasis> Êý¾ÝºÍÅäÖÃÎļþ¡£</para>