1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
4 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
8 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
10 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
11 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
12 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
15 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
16 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
17 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
18 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
20 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
21 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25 # I found in the UCLA library.
27 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
28 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
29 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
31 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
32 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
34 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
35 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
36 # but Mark R V Murray reports that
37 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
38 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
39 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
40 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
41 # He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference.
43 # To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
44 # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
45 # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
46 # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
47 # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
49 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
50 # -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used)
51 # 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
52 # 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time
53 # 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time
54 # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
55 # 1:00 WAT West Africa Time
56 # I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
57 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
58 # until we get more information.
60 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
61 # 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time
62 # 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used)
63 # 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
64 # 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
65 # 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
66 # 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
67 # 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
70 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
71 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
72 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
73 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
74 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
75 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
76 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
77 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
78 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
79 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
80 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
81 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
82 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
83 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
84 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
85 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
86 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
87 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
88 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
89 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
90 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
91 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
92 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
93 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
94 # more precise 0:09:21.
95 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
96 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
97 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
98 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
99 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
100 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
101 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
102 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
103 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
104 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
108 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
109 Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892
110 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time
114 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
115 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
116 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
117 Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912
118 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
122 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
123 # Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899;
124 # assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did.
125 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
126 Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885
128 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00
129 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
133 # See Africa/Abidjan.
136 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
137 Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890
141 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
142 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
143 Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912
147 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
148 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
150 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15
151 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
154 # Central African Republic
155 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
156 Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912
160 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
161 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
162 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
163 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
167 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
168 Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
171 # Democratic Republic of Congo
172 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
173 Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
175 Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
178 # Republic of the Congo
179 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
180 Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912
183 # Côte D'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
184 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
185 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
187 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali
188 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia
189 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea
190 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal
191 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone
192 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo
193 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania
194 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso
195 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # São Tomé and Príncipe
196 Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena
199 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
200 Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul
203 ###############################################################################
207 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
208 # observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for
209 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
210 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
212 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
213 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
214 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
215 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
216 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
217 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
218 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
219 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
220 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
221 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
222 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
223 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
224 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
225 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
226 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
227 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
228 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
229 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
230 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
231 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
232 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
233 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
235 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
236 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
237 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
238 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
240 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
241 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
243 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
244 Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
245 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
246 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
247 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
248 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
249 # after observing the daylight saving time since May.
250 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
251 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
252 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
253 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
254 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
255 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
256 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
257 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
258 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
259 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
260 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 -
261 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
262 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
263 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
264 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
265 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
266 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
267 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
268 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
269 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
271 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
272 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
274 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
275 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
277 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
278 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
280 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
281 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
283 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
284 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
286 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
288 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
290 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
292 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
294 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
295 # [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
296 # [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
298 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
299 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
300 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
303 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
304 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
305 # Information and Decision Support Center:
306 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
308 # The Middle East News Agency
309 # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
310 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
311 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
312 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
313 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
316 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
317 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
318 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
321 # Arabic translation:
322 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
323 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
324 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
326 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
327 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
328 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
330 # From Gunther Vermier (2015-05-13):
331 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
333 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
334 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
335 # in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
336 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
337 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
338 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
339 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
340 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
341 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
342 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been
343 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
344 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
346 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
347 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
348 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
349 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is
350 # no information about when DST will end this fall. See:
351 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
353 # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use
354 # 2010's rules, and guess that Egypt will switch to standard time at
355 # 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 00:00 the
356 # first Friday after Ramadan. To implement this,
357 # transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were determined by running
358 # the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the results integrated
359 # by hand into the table below. Ramadan again intrudes on the guessed
360 # DST starting in 2038, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff.
361 # (let ((islamic-year 1436))
362 # (while (< islamic-year 1460)
363 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
364 # (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
366 # (while (/= friday (mod a 7))
368 # (while (/= friday (mod b 7))
372 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
373 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
376 # (concat "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n"
377 # "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\tS\n")
378 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
379 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
380 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
381 Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 -
382 Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 -
383 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 -
384 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S
385 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
386 Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S
387 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 -
388 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S
389 Rule Egypt 2014 max - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
390 Rule Egypt 2015 2019 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
391 Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jun 11 24:00 0 -
392 Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jul 23 24:00 1:00 S
393 Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jun 2 24:00 0 -
394 Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jul 7 24:00 1:00 S
395 Rule Egypt 2017 only - May 25 24:00 0 -
396 Rule Egypt 2017 only - Jun 29 24:00 1:00 S
397 Rule Egypt 2018 only - May 10 24:00 0 -
398 Rule Egypt 2018 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S
399 Rule Egypt 2019 only - May 2 24:00 0 -
400 Rule Egypt 2019 only - Jun 6 24:00 1:00 S
401 Rule Egypt 2020 only - May 28 24:00 1:00 S
402 Rule Egypt 2021 only - May 13 24:00 1:00 S
403 Rule Egypt 2022 only - May 5 24:00 1:00 S
404 Rule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
406 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
407 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
411 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
412 Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912
413 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15
417 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
418 Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870
419 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time
420 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
424 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
425 # Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a
426 # 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our
427 # 02:00 or 14:00. Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic.
429 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time
430 # zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in
431 # 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05. Perhaps 38E50
432 # was for Adis Dera. Quite likely the Shanks data are wrong anyway.
433 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
434 Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870
435 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
439 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
440 Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912
444 # See Africa/Abidjan.
447 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
448 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
449 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
450 # and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
451 # Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
452 # 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
453 # For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
454 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
455 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
456 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
457 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
461 # See Africa/Abidjan.
464 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
465 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26
470 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
471 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
478 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
479 Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
480 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00
481 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
485 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
486 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
487 # from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
488 # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
489 # Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
490 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
491 # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
492 # Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
493 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
494 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
495 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
496 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time
499 ###############################################################################
503 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
504 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
505 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
506 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
508 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
509 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
511 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
512 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
513 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
514 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
515 # lastFri instead of lastSun).
517 # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
518 # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
519 # cancelled yesterday....
520 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
522 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
523 # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2.
525 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
526 Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
527 Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
528 Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
529 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
530 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
531 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
532 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
533 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
534 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
535 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
536 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
537 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
538 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
539 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
540 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
541 Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
542 Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
543 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
544 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
545 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
547 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
548 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
549 # the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
550 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
551 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4
552 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00
553 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00
557 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
558 Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul
559 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s
560 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s
564 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
565 Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
570 # See Africa/Abidjan.
574 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
575 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
577 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
578 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
579 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
581 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
582 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
584 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
585 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
586 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
587 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
589 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
590 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
592 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
594 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
595 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
596 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start
597 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
598 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
600 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
601 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
602 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
603 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
604 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
605 # changes two days later.
607 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
608 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
609 # time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
610 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
612 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
613 # de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
614 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
615 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
617 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
618 # The Government of Mauritius weblink
619 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
620 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
622 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
623 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
624 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
625 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
626 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
627 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
628 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
629 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
630 # and end on 29 March 2009.
632 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
633 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
634 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
635 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
636 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
638 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
639 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
640 # DST the coming summer...
642 # Some sources, in French:
643 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
644 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
647 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
649 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
650 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
651 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
652 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
654 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
655 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S
656 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
657 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
658 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
659 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
660 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
661 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time
662 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
663 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
666 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
667 Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
671 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
673 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
674 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
675 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
677 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
678 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
679 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
681 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
682 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
684 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
685 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse:
686 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
688 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
691 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
692 # According to this article:
693 # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
694 # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
695 # the changes occur at midnight:
697 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
698 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
699 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight
701 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
702 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
703 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
704 # June 1st to Sept 27th.
706 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
707 # published on the web.
709 # It's also confirmed here:
710 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
711 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
712 # posted in English).
714 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
715 # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
717 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
718 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
719 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
722 # One article about it (in French):
723 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
725 # We have some further details posted here:
726 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
728 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
729 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
730 # to many sources, such as
731 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
732 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
736 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
738 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
739 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
740 # Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
742 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967)
743 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
744 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
745 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
747 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
748 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
750 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
751 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
752 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
753 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
756 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
759 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
761 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
762 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
763 # The 3rd april 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd april 1:00:00
764 # The 31th july 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31th July 00:00:00
765 # ...Official links of change in morocco
766 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
767 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
769 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
771 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
772 # is the official publication to look at.
773 # They said that the decision was already taken.
775 # More articles in the press
776 # http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
777 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
778 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
780 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
781 # They have it written in English here:
782 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
784 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
785 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
786 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
787 # also been like that in the past.
789 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
790 # According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
791 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
792 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
793 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
794 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
795 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
796 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
797 # except the month of Ramadan.
799 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
801 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
802 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
803 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
804 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
805 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
806 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
808 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
809 # Seen Morocco change again:
810 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
811 # "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
812 # comme annoncé précédemment."
814 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
815 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
816 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
818 # Google translation, lightly edited:
819 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
820 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
821 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
822 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
823 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
824 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
825 # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
826 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
827 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
829 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
830 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
831 # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
832 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
833 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
834 # <http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288>.
836 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
837 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
838 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
839 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
841 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
842 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
843 # before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
844 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
845 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official
847 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
848 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
849 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
851 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
852 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
854 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
855 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
856 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST
857 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
858 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
860 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-05):
861 # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2014's rules,
862 # and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last
863 # Saturday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after
864 # Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were
865 # determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the
866 # results integrated by hand into the table below.
867 # (let ((islamic-year 1436))
868 # (while (< islamic-year 1460)
869 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
870 # (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
872 # (while (/= saturday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
873 # (while (/= saturday (mod b 7))
875 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
876 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
879 # (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
880 # "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
881 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
882 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
883 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
885 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
887 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S
888 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
889 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S
890 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -
891 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S
892 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -
893 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
894 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
895 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
896 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
897 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
898 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
899 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
900 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
901 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
902 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
903 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
904 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
905 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 -
906 Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
907 Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 -
908 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
909 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 -
910 Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
911 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
912 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 -
913 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S
914 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 -
915 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S
916 Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
917 Rule Morocco 2014 2022 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
918 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 -
919 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S
920 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 13 3:00 0 -
921 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 18 2:00 1:00 S
922 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 4 3:00 0 -
923 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 9 2:00 1:00 S
924 Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 20 3:00 0 -
925 Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S
926 Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 12 3:00 0 -
927 Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 16 2:00 1:00 S
928 Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 4 3:00 0 -
929 Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 8 2:00 1:00 S
930 Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 18 3:00 0 -
931 Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 30 2:00 1:00 S
932 Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
933 Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 S
934 Rule Morocco 2022 only - Apr 2 3:00 0 -
935 Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 7 2:00 1:00 S
936 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 22 2:00 1:00 S
937 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 13 2:00 1:00 S
938 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 5 2:00 1:00 S
939 Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
940 Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 27 3:00 0 -
941 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 18 3:00 0 -
942 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 10 3:00 0 -
944 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
945 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
946 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
952 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
953 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
954 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
957 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
958 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
959 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
961 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún
962 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14
966 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
967 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
971 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
972 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
974 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in
975 # <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>:
976 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
977 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
978 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
979 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
980 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
983 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
984 # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
985 # we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
987 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
988 Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
989 Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
990 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
991 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
992 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time
993 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
994 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
995 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
996 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3
1000 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1001 Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912
1002 -1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26
1007 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1008 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
1012 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1013 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
1014 4:00 - RET # Réunion Time
1016 # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
1018 # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
1019 # The following information about them is taken from
1020 # Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
1021 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
1022 # We have no info about their time zone histories.
1024 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
1025 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
1026 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
1027 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited
1028 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
1031 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1032 Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun
1036 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1037 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
1038 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
1039 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
1040 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
1041 # on GMT, says the CIA
1042 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
1044 # São Tomé and Príncipe
1046 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1049 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1050 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
1051 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
1052 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1053 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1054 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1055 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
1056 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1057 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1060 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1063 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1064 Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov
1070 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1071 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
1072 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1073 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1074 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1075 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
1077 # Marion and Prince Edward Is
1078 # scientific station since 1947
1083 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
1084 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
1085 # also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
1086 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
1087 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
1088 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1090 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1091 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1092 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
1093 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1094 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1095 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1096 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
1097 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
1101 Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
1104 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1105 Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar
1109 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1110 Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
1116 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1120 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
1121 # My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
1122 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
1123 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
1124 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
1125 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
1126 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
1127 # Saturday." (My translation)
1129 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
1130 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
1131 # <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html>
1132 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
1135 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
1136 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
1137 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1138 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
1139 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
1141 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
1142 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
1144 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
1145 # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
1147 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
1148 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
1149 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
1151 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
1152 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
1154 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
1157 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
1160 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
1162 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
1163 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
1164 # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
1165 # concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept
1166 # unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
1167 # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
1169 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
1170 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
1173 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
1175 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
1176 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
1179 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
1180 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
1181 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
1183 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1184 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1185 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1186 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1187 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
1188 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
1189 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
1190 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
1191 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
1192 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
1193 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1194 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
1195 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1196 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1197 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1198 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
1199 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1200 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1201 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1202 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1203 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
1204 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1205 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1206 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -
1207 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1208 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1210 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1211 # more precise 0:09:21.
1212 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
1213 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1214 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
1215 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1219 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1220 Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul
1227 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1228 Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar
1232 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1233 Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar
projects / FreeBSD / releng / 9.1.git / blob