release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/installation/common/install.sgml

   1 <!--
   2 The FreeBSD Russian Documentation Project
   3
   4 $FreeBSD$
   5 $FreeBSDru: frdp/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/installation/common/install.sgml,v 1.8 2005/06/30 11:12:32 den Exp $
   6
   7 Original revision: 1.32
   8
   9 install.sgml
  10
  11 This file has architecture-dependent installation instructions, culled
  12 from {alpha,i386}/INSTALL.TXT.
  13
  14 -->
  15
  16 <sect1 id="install">
  17   <title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ &os;</title>
  18
  19   <para>üÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ &os;.
  20     ïÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÕÄÅÌÅÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÀ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á &os; &release.current;
  21     É ÎÁÞÁÌÕ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.  çÌÁ×Á <ulink
  22     url="&url.books.handbook;/install.html"><quote>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
  23     FreeBSD</quote></ulink> <ulink
  24     url="&url.books.handbook;/">òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
  25     FreeBSD</ulink> ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÓÁÍÏÊ
  26     ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ÐÏÛÁÇÏ×ÕÀ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÀ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ
  27     Ó ÉÌÌÀÓÔÒÁÃÉÑÍÉ.</para>
  28
  29   <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÅÔÅ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÊ ÒÅÌÉÚ &os;, ÏÚÎÁËÏÍØÔÅÓØ Ó
  30     <xref linkend="upgrading">, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ
  31     ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÀ.</para>
  32
  33   <sect2 id="getting-started">
  34     <title>ðÅÒÅÄ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ</title>
  35
  36     <para>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÍ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÏ
  37       ÐÅÒÅÄ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÊ, ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÈ
  38       Ó &os;.  ïÂÚÏÒ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏ×, ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÈ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÒÅÌÉÚÏÍ &os;, ÍÏÖÎÏ
  39       ÎÁÊÔÉ × <filename>README.TXT</filename>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ
  40       ÔÁÍ ÖÅ, ÇÄÅ É ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ; ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÔÁËÉÈ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏ× (ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ
  41       Ï ÒÅÌÉÚÅ, ÓÐÉÓÏË ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÇÏ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ) ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÚ ÍÅÎÀ
  42       Documentation ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</para>
  43
  44     <para>ïÎ-ÌÁÊÎ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ &os; <ulink
  45       url="&url.books.faq;/">FAQ</ulink> É
  46       <ulink
  47       url="&url.books.handbook;/">Handbook</ulink>
  48       ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ Ó <ulink url="&url.base;/ru/">×ÅÂ ÓÁÊÔÁ
  49       ðÒÏÅËÔÁ FreeBSD</ulink>, ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ Ë ÉÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.</para>
  50
  51     <para>üÔÏÔ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÍ, ÎÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ,
  52       ÐÏÔÒÁÞÅÎÎÏÅ ÎÁ ÉÈ ÞÔÅÎÉÅ, ÏËÕÐÉÔÓÑ ÍÎÏÇÏËÒÁÔÎÏ.  ïÚÎÁËÏÍÌÅÎÉÅ Ó
  53       ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÍÉ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÁÍÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÍÏÞØ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ ÐÒÉ
  54       ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</para>
  55
  56     <para>äÁÖÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÑÔ Ë ÎÅÕÄÁÞÅ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ
  57       ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÔÏÌËÎÕÌÉÓØ Ó ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÍÉ, ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <xref linkend="trouble">,
  58       ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÀ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ.  ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ
  59       ÐÒÏÞÅÓÔØ Ó×ÅÖÕÀ ËÏÐÉÀ ÆÁÊÌÁ <filename>ERRATA.TXT</filename> ÐÅÒÅÄ
  60       ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÏÎ ÐÒÅÄÕÐÒÅÄÉÔ ×ÁÓ Ï ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÈ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÙÌÉ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÙ
  61       ÚÁ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ.</para>
  62
  63     <important>
  64       <para>èÏÔÑ &os; ÕÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÀ
  65         ÐÏÔÅÒÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ×ÓÅ ÖÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ
  66         <emphasis>ÐÏÔÅÒÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ</emphasis>
  67         ÐÒÉ ÏÛÉÂËÅ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.  îÅ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÉÔÅ Ë
  68         ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÍÕ ÍÅÎÀ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &os; ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ÐÏÒ, ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ
  69         ÂÙÌÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÏ ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÏÅ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</para>
  70     </important>
  71   </sect2>
  72
  73   <sect2>
  74     <title>ôÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ë ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÍÕ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÀ</title>
  75
  76 <!-- i386/pc98 text starts here -->
  77
  78     <para arch="i386,pc98">&os; ÄÌÑ &arch.print; ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ÒÁÂÏÔÙ
  79       ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ 486 ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ ÉÌÉ ×ÙÛÅ É ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍÕÍ 24&nbsp;ÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔ
  80       ÏÐÅÒÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.  ÷ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ËÁË
  81       ÍÉÎÉÍÕÍ 150MB Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ÎÁ ÖÅÓÔËÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ ÄÌÑ ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÏÊ
  82       ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.  îÉÖÅ ÄÁÎÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ ÕÒÅÚÁÎÉÀ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÇÏ
  83       ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &os;.</para>
  84
  85 <!-- alpha text starts here -->
  86
  87     <para arch="alpha">&os; ÄÌÑ &arch.print; ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ,
  88       ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ × <filename>HARDWARE.TXT</filename>.</para>
  89
  90     <para arch="alpha">÷ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË ÄÌÑ &os;/alpha.
  91       îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÁ Ó ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ
  92       ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ.  üÔÏÔ ÄÉÓË ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎ Ë SCSI
  93       ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÕ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÍÕ SRM firmware ÉÌÉ Ë IDE ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÕ,
  94       ÅÓÌÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ Ó IDE ÄÉÓËÏ× ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.</para>
  95
  96     <para arch="alpha">ëÏÒÎÅ×ÁÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ïâñúáôåìøîï ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ
  97       ÐÅÒ×ÙÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏÍ (ÒÁÚÄÅÌ <literal>a</literal>) ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ ÄÌÑ,
  98       ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÔÁÌÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ.</para>
  99
 100     <para arch="alpha">÷ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ firmware SRM ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÛÅÊ
 101       ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ.  ÷ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÍÅÖÄÕ
 102       AlphaBIOS (ÉÌÉ ARC) firmware É SRM.  ÷ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ
 103       ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ firmware Ó ×ÅÂ ÓÁÊÔÁ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÁ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.</para>
 104
 105 <!-- sparc64 text starts here -->
 106
 107     <para arch="sparc64">&os; ÄÌÑ &arch.print; ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ,
 108       ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ × <filename>HARDWARE.TXT</filename>.</para>
 109
 110     <para arch="sparc64">÷ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË ÄÌÑ &os;/sparc64.
 111       îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÁ Ó ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ
 112       ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ.</para>
 113
 114 <!-- amd64 text starts here -->
 115     <para arch="amd64">&os; ÄÌÑ &arch.print; ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁÍÉ
 116       Athlon64, Athlon64-FX, Opteron ÉÌÉ ×ÙÛÅ.</para>
 117
 118     <para arch="amd64">åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎ ÎÁ
 119       nVidia nForce3 Pro-150, ×ÁÍ îåïâèïäéíï ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ BIOS setup ÄÌÑ
 120       ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ IO APIC.  åÓÌÉ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ,
 121       ×ÁÍ ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÙËÌÀÞÉÔØ ACPI.  ÷ ÞÉÐÓÅÔÅ Pro-150
 122       ÅÓÔØ ÏÛÉÂËÉ, ÄÌÑ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÍÙ ÅÝÅ ÎÅ ÎÁÛÌÉ ÏÂÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÐÕÔÉ.</para>
 123
 124 <!-- generic text starts here -->
 125
 126     <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÏÊ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ &os;,
 127       ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>HARDWARE.TXT</filename>;
 128       × ÎÅÍ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔÓÑ ×ÁÖÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÀ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÍÕ
 129       &os;.</para>
 130   </sect2>
 131
 132   <sect2 id="floppies">
 133     <title>éÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔ</title>
 134
 135     <para arch="i386,alpha,pc98">÷ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &os;,
 136       ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔ (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÔÒÅÈ)
 137       ÄÌÑ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.  üÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ËÒÁÔËÏ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ
 138       ËÁË ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÜÔÉ ÄÉÓËÉ Ó ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÏÇÏ CDROM ÉÌÉ ÉÚ ÉÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.
 139       ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ × ÏÂÝÅÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &os; Ó CDROM
 140       ÎÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÅÍ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÅ CDROM, ÜÔÏÔ ÛÁÇ ÎÅ
 141       ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÏÐÕÝÅÎ.</para>
 142
 143     <para arch="i386,alpha">äÌÑ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏË Ó CDROM ÉÌÉ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ,
 144       ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÀÔÓÑ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÂÒÁÚÙ ÄÉÓËÅÔ
 145       <filename>boot.flp</filename> É <filename>kern<replaceable>X</replaceable>.flp</filename>
 146       ÉÚ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ <filename>floppies/</filename> (ÄÌÑ 1.44MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ).</para>
 147
 148     <para arch="pc98">äÌÑ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó CDROM ÉÌÉ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ×ÁÍ
 149       ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÂÒÁÚÙ ÄÉÓËÅÔ <filename>boot.flp</filename>
 150       É <filename>kern<replaceable>X</replaceable>.flp</filename> ÉÚ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ
 151       <filename>floppies/</filename> (ÄÌÑ 1.44MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ) ÉÌÉ
 152       <filename>boot-small.flp</filename> É
 153       <filename>kern-small.flp</filename> (ÄÌÑ 1.2MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ).</para>
 154
 155     <para arch="i386,alpha,pc98">ðÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ÏÂÒÁÚÙ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ.
 156       úÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ
 157       <replaceable>release</replaceable><filename>/floppies/boot.flp</filename>
 158       É ×ÓÅ
 159       <replaceable>release</replaceable><filename>/floppies/kern<replaceable>X</replaceable>.flp</filename>
 160       Ó <ulink url="&release.url;"></ulink> ÉÌÉ Ó ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÚÅÒËÁÌ,
 161       ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÎÙÈ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ <ulink
 162       url="&url.books.handbook;/mirrors-ftp.html">FTP
 163       ÚÅÒËÁÌÁ</ulink> òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á ÉÌÉ, ÉÌÉ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÈ
 164       <ulink url="http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/"></ulink>.</para>
 165
 166     <para arch="i386,alpha">÷ÏÚØÍÉÔÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÞÉÓÔÙÈ,
 167       ÔÏÌØËÏ ÞÔÏ ÏÔÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ
 168       ÄÉÓËÅÔ É ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÏÂÒÁÚ <filename>boot.flp</filename> ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÕÀ,
 169       Á <filename>kern<replaceable>X</replaceable>.flp</filename> ÎÁ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ.  üÔÉ ÏÂÒÁÚÙ
 170       <emphasis>ÎÅ</emphasis> DOS ÆÁÊÌÙ.  ÷Ù ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
 171       ÉÈ ÎÁ DOS ÉÌÉ UFS ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ ËÁË ÏÂÙÞÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
 172       ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÅ ÏÂÒÁÚÏ× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ <filename>fdimage.exe</filename>
 173       ÐÏÄ DOS (ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename>tools</filename> ÎÁ CDROM
 174       ÉÌÉ ÎÁ FTP ÚÅÒËÁÌÁÈ &os;) ÉÌÉ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ &man.dd.1;
 175       × UNIX.</para>
 176
 177     <para arch="pc98">÷ÏÚØÍÉÔÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÞÉÓÔÙÈ,
 178       ÔÏÌØËÏ ÞÔÏ ÏÔÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ
 179       ÄÉÓËÅÔ É ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÏÂÒÁÚ <filename>boot.flp</filename> ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÕÀ,
 180       Á <filename>kern<replaceable>X</replaceable>.flp</filename> ÎÁ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ.  üÔÉ ÏÂÒÁÚÙ
 181       <emphasis>ÎÅ</emphasis> DOS ÆÁÊÌÙ.  ÷Ù ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
 182       ÉÈ ÎÁ DOS ÉÌÉ UFS ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ ËÁË ÏÂÙÞÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
 183       ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÅ ÏÂÒÁÚÏ× ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ <filename>rawrite.exe</filename>
 184       ÐÏÄ DOS (ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename>tools</filename> ÎÁ CDROM
 185       ÉÌÉ ÎÁ FTP ÚÅÒËÁÌÁÈ &os;) ÉÌÉ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ &man.dd.1;
 186       × UNIX.</para>
 187
 188     <para arch="i386,alpha,pc98">îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ Ó ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ ÑÄÒÁ
 189       ÐÏÄ DOS, ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁËÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>
 190
 191     <screen arch="i386,alpha"><prompt>C></prompt> <userinput>fdimage boot.flp a:</userinput></screen>
 192     <screen arch="pc98"><prompt>A></prompt> <userinput>rawrite</userinput></screen>
 193
 194     <para arch="i386,alpha">ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉ
 195       <filename>fdimage.exe</filename> É <filename>boot.flp</filename>
 196       × ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ.  äÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ× <filename>kern<replaceable>X</replaceable>.flp</filename>
 197       ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÁÎÁÌÏÇÉÞÎÙ.</para>
 198
 199     <para arch="pc98">ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉ
 200       <filename>rawrite.exe</filename> É <filename>boot.flp</filename>
 201       × ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ.  äÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ× <filename>kern<replaceable>X</replaceable>.flp</filename>
 202       ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÁÎÁÌÏÇÉÞÎÙ.</para>
 203
 204     <para arch="i386,alpha,pc98">åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÕÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ ÎÁ
 205       ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ UNIX, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>
 206
 207     <screen arch="i386,alpha">&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/rfd0</userinput></screen>
 208     <screen arch="pc98">&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/rfd0.1440</userinput></screen>
 209
 210     <para arch="i386,alpha">ÉÌÉ</para>
 211
 212     <screen arch="i386,alpha">&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/fd0</userinput></screen>
 213
 214     <para arch="i386,alpha,pc98">ÉÌÉ</para>
 215
 216     <screen arch="i386,alpha">&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/floppy</userinput></screen>
 217     <screen arch="pc98">&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=floppies/boot-small.flp of=/dev/rfd0.1200</userinput></screen>
 218
 219     <para arch="i386,alpha,pc98">× ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÉÍÅÀÝÅÇÏÓÑ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
 220       É ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ (ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ UNIX ÐÏ-ÒÁÚÎÏÍÕ ÉÍÅÎÕÀÔ
 221       ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÇÉÂËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×).</para>
 222
 223     <para arch="amd64,sparc64">õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ×
 224       &os;/&arch;.</para>
 225   </sect2>
 226
 227   <sect2 id="start-installation">
 228     <title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ &os; Ó CDROM ÉÌÉ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÉÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ</title>
 229
 230 <!-- i386/pc98 text starts here -->
 231
 232     <para arch="i386,amd64">ðÒÏÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ Ó CDROM.
 233       åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ CDROM É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÙÊ
 234       CD &os;, ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ Ä×Á ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó ÎÅÇÏ:
 235       <itemizedlist>
 236         <listitem>
 237           <para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔ <quote>CDBOOT</quote>
 238             ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ CDROM É ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ Ó CD ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ
 239             ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÙÊ CD &os; × ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ É ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ
 240             ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</para>
 241         </listitem>
 242         <listitem>
 243           <para>óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ &os; ÉÚ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ
 244             <filename>floppies/</filename> ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á &os;.
 245             ðÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ <xref linkend="floppies"> Ó ÂÏÌÅÅ
 246             ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÐÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ
 247             ÐÏÄ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ.  úÁÔÅÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ
 248             ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅÓØ Ó ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, É ×ÓËÏÒÅ ÎÁÞÎÅÔÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
 249             &os;.</para>
 250         </listitem>
 251       </itemizedlist>
 252     </para>
 253
 254     <para arch="pc98">ðÒÏÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ Ó CDROM.
 255       åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ CDROM É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÙÊ
 256       CD &os;, ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó ÎÅÇÏ:
 257       <itemizedlist>
 258         <listitem>
 259           <para>óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ &os; ÉÚ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ
 260             <filename>floppies/</filename> ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á &os;.
 261             ðÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ <xref linkend="floppies"> Ó ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ
 262             ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÐÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÐÏÄ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ
 263             ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ.  úÁÔÅÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅÓØ Ó ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ
 264             ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, É ×ÓËÏÒÅ ÎÁÞÎÅÔÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ &os;.</para>
 265         </listitem>
 266       </itemizedlist>
 267     </para>
 268
 269     <para arch="i386">åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ CDROM (ÉÌÉ ×ÁÛ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ ÎÅ
 270       ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ Ó CDROM), ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ
 271       ÞÅÒÅÚ ÓÅÔØ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ PPP, SLIP ÉÌÉ ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ.
 272       îÁÞÎÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ, ÓÏÚÄÁ× ÎÁÂÏÒ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ &os;
 273       ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÏ× <filename>floppies/boot.flp</filename> É
 274       <filename>floppies/kern<replaceable>X</replaceable>.flp</filename>, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ
 275       × <xref linkend="floppies">.  ðÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ,
 276       ÄÉÓË <filename>boot.flp</filename>; ÐÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ
 277       ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÉ.  ðÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ
 278       <xref linkend="ftpnfs"> Ó ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ
 279       ÞÅÒÅÚ FTP ÉÌÉ NFS.</para>
 280
 281     <para arch="pc98">åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ CDROM, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ
 282       ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÓÅÔØ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ PPP, SLIP ÉÌÉ ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ.
 283       îÁÞÎÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ, ÓÏÚÄÁ× ÎÁÂÏÒ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ &os;
 284       ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÏ× <filename>floppies/boot.flp</filename> É
 285       <filename>floppies/mfsroot.flp</filename>, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ
 286       × <xref linkend="floppies">.  ðÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ,
 287       ÄÉÓË <filename>kern.flp</filename>; ÐÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ
 288       ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÉ.  ðÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ
 289       <xref linkend="ftpnfs"> Ó ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ
 290       ÞÅÒÅÚ FTP ÉÌÉ NFS.</para>
 291
 292 <!-- alpha text starts here -->
 293
 294     <para arch="alpha">ðÒÏÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ Ó CDROM.
 295       åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ CDROM É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÙÊ
 296       CD &os;, ÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ &os; ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ó ÎÅÇÏ.
 297       ÷ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÄÉÓË × ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ É ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ ÄÌÑ
 298       ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ (ÐÏÄÓÔÁ×É× ÄÒÕÇÏÅ ÉÍÑ CDROM ÅÓÌÉ
 299       ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ):</para>
 300
 301     <screen arch="alpha">&gt;&gt;&gt;<userinput>boot dka0</userinput></screen>
 302
 303     <para arch="alpha">÷ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×Ù ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÞÁÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ
 304       Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ.  äÌÑ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ
 305       ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÉÚ <filename>floppies/boot.flp</filename> É ÆÁÊÌÏ×
 306       <filename>floppies/kern<replaceable>X</replaceable>.flp</filename>, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÉÚ
 307       <xref linkend="floppies">.  ÷ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ <filename>boot.flp</filename>,
 308       ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÉÚ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ SRM ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ
 309       (<literal>&gt;&gt;&gt;</literal>) ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>
 310
 311     <screen arch="alpha">&gt;&gt;&gt;<userinput>boot dva0</userinput></screen>
 312
 313     <para arch="alpha">÷ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ
 314       ËÏÇÄÁ ÐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ É ÐÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÐÅÒ×ÏÅ
 315       ÏËÎÏ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</para>
 316
 317 <!-- sparc64 text starts here -->
 318
 319     <para arch="sparc64">âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÓÉÓÔÅÍ &arch; ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÙ ÄÌÑ
 320       Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ.  äÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &os; ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
 321       ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ ÉÚ ÓÅÔÉ ÉÌÉ Ó CDROM, ÞÔÏ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ×ÈÏÄÁ × PROM
 322       (OpenFirmware).</para>
 323
 324     <para arch="sparc64">äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÅÒÅÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ É ÖÄÉÔÅ ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
 325       ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ.  ïÎÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ ÍÏÄÅÌÉ, ÎÏ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ
 326       ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁË:</para>
 327
 328     <screen arch="sparc64">Sun Blade 100 (UltraSPARC-IIe), Keyboard Present
 329 Copyright 1998-2001 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
 330 OpenBoot 4.2, 128 MB memory installed, Serial #51090132.
 331 Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.</screen>
 332
 333     <para arch="sparc64">åÓÌÉ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ×ÁÛÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔ
 334       ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ, ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÁÖÁÔØ <keycombo
 335       action="simul"><keycap>L1</keycap><keycap>A</keycap></keycombo>
 336       ÉÌÉ <keycombo
 337       action="simul"><keycap>Stop</keycap><keycap>A</keycap></keycombo>
 338       ÎÁ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÅ, ÉÌÉ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ <command>BREAK</command> ÞÅÒÅÚ
 339       ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ËÏÎÓÏÌØ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ <command>~#</command>
 340       × &man.tip.1; ÉÌÉ &man.cu.1;) ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ PROM.
 341       ïÎÏ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁË:</para>
 342
 343     <screenco arch="sparc64">
 344       <areaspec>
 345         <area id="prompt-single" coords="1 5">
 346         <area id="prompt-smp" coords="2 5">
 347       </areaspec>
 348
 349       <screen><prompt>ok     </prompt>
 350 <prompt>ok {0} </prompt></screen>
 351
 352       <calloutlist>
 353         <callout arearefs="prompt-single">
 354           <para>üÔÏ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ Ó ÏÄÎÉÍ
 355             CPU.</para>
 356         </callout>
 357
 358         <callout arearefs="prompt-smp">
 359           <para>üÔÏ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ SMP, ÃÉÆÒÁ
 360             ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÞÉÓÌÏ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ CPU.</para>
 361         </callout>
 362       </calloutlist>
 363     </screenco>
 364
 365     <para arch="sparc64">ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ CDROM × ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ É ÉÚ
 366       ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ PROM ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ <command>boot cdrom</command>.</para>
 367
 368   </sect2>
 369
 370   <sect2>
 371     <title>äÅÔÁÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍ ÔÉÐÁÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ</title>
 372
 373     <para>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÜËÒÁÎ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ,
 374       ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍ ÍÅÎÀ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ.
 375       åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÒÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
 376       &os;, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÏÞÅÓÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ ÉÚ
 377       ÐÏÄÍÅÎÀ Documentation, ËÁË É ÏÂÝÉÅ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ <quote>Usage</quote>
 378       ÉÚ ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÀ.</para>
 379
 380     <note>
 381       <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ×ÓÔÒÅÔÉÌÉÓØ Ó ÚÁÔÒÕÄÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ
 382         <keycap>F1</keycap> ÄÌÑ ×ÙÚÏ×Á ÏÎÌÁÊÎ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÅÊÓÑ
 383         Ë ÜÔÏÍÕ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ.</para>
 384     </note>
 385
 386     <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÒÁÎØÛÅ ÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÌÉ &os;, ÉÌÉ ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ
 387       ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÌÉ, ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
 388       <quote>Standard</quote>, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÏÎ ÇÁÒÁÎÔÉÒÕÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÈ
 389       ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÐÕÎËÔÏ× ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙ Ó
 390       ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &os; É <emphasis>ÔÏÞÎÏ</emphasis> ÚÎÁÅÔÅ, ÞÔÏ
 391       ÎÕÖÎÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ <quote>Express</quote> ÉÌÉ
 392       <quote>Custom</quote>.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÅÔÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ,
 393       ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <quote>Upgrade</quote>.</para>
 394
 395     <para>ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &os; ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ
 396       ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× DOS, NFS, UFS, ÌÅÎÔ É CDROM × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
 397       ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÅÊ; ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÉÅ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ
 398       ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÅÊ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÙ ÎÉÖÅ.</para>
 399
 400     <para arch="alpha">ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÁ, ×Ù
 401       ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ &os;/&arch; ÐÕÔÅÍ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ × ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÉ SRM
 402       ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</para>
 403
 404     <screen arch="alpha">&gt;&gt;&gt;<userinput>boot dkc0</userinput></screen>
 405
 406     <para arch="alpha">ïÎÁ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ firmware ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ.
 407       äÌÑ ÐÏÉÓËÁ SRM ÉÍÅÎ ÄÉÓËÏ× ÎÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
 408       <literal>show device</literal>:</para>
 409
 410     <screen arch="alpha">&gt;&gt;&gt;<userinput>show device</userinput>
 411 dka0.0.0.4.0               DKA0           TOSHIBA CD-ROM XM-57  3476
 412 dkc0.0.0.1009.0            DKC0                       RZ1BB-BS  0658
 413 dkc100.1.0.1009.0          DKC100             SEAGATE ST34501W  0015
 414 dva0.0.0.0.1               DVA0
 415 ewa0.0.0.3.0               EWA0              00-00-F8-75-6D-01
 416 pkc0.7.0.1009.0            PKC0                  SCSI Bus ID 7  5.27
 417 pqa0.0.0.4.0               PQA0                       PCI EIDE
 418 pqb0.0.1.4.0               PQB0                       PCI EIDE</screen>
 419
 420     <para arch="alpha">üÔÏÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ×ÚÑÔ Ó Digital Personal Workstation 433au
 421       É ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÔÒÉ ÄÉÓËÁ, ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÈ Ë ÍÁÛÉÎÅ.  ðÅÒ×ÙÊ ÜÔÏ CDROM,
 422       ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÝÉÊÓÑ <devicename>dka0</devicename>, Á ÄÒÕÇÉÅ Ä×Á ÄÉÓËÁ
 423       ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ <devicename>dkc0</devicename> É
 424       <devicename>dkc100</devicename> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ.</para>
 425
 426     <para arch="alpha">÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ËÁËÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÑÄÒÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÔØ É ËÁËÉÅ
 427       ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍÉ <option>-file</option>
 428       É <option>-flags</option>, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:</para>
 429
 430     <screen arch="alpha"><prompt>&gt;&gt;&gt;</prompt> <userinput>boot -file kernel.old -flags s</userinput></screen>
 431
 432     <para arch="alpha">äÌÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ &os;/&arch;, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ
 433       ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</para>
 434
 435     <screen arch="alpha"><prompt>&gt;&gt;&gt;</prompt> <userinput>set boot_osflags a</userinput>
 436 <prompt>&gt;&gt;&gt;</prompt> <userinput>set bootdef_dev dkc0</userinput>
 437 <prompt>&gt;&gt;&gt;</prompt> <userinput>set auto_action BOOT</userinput></screen>
 438
 439     <sect3>
 440       <title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó CDROM ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ</title>
 441
 442       <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ Ó ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÁ
 443         CDROM, ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ <xref linkend="start-installation">.  åÓÌÉ × ×ÁÛÅÊ
 444         ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÎÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÁ CDROM É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ CDROM ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ
 445         ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, Ë ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ
 446         ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ:</para>
 447
 448       <itemizedlist>
 449         <listitem>
 450           <para>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &os; ÞÅÒÅÚ FTP
 451             ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ó CDROM ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ &os;, ÜÔÏ ÏÞÅÎØ
 452             ÐÒÏÓÔÏ: ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ FTP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ É ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ
 453             ÓÔÒÏËÕ × ÆÁÊÌ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ (ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ &man.vipw.8;):</para>
 454
 455           <screen>ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin</screen>
 456
 457           <para>îÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ, ÇÄÅ ×Ù ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ, ÐÅÒÅÊÄÉÔÅ
 458             Ë ÍÅÎÀ Options É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÉÍÑ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ × <literal>any</literal>.
 459             úÁÔÅÍ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ ÔÉÐ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÑ <literal>FTP</literal>,
 460             <filename>ftp://<replaceable>machine</replaceable></filename>
 461             ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ <quote>URL</quote> × ÍÅÎÀ ftp ÓÁÊÔÏ×.</para>
 462
 463           <warning>
 464             <para>üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ÌÀÂÏÍÕ × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ (ÉÌÉ ÉÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ)
 465               ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ <quote>ÁÎÏÎÉÍÎÙÅ</quote> FTP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó
 466               ÜÔÉÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅÖÅÌÁÔÅÌØÎÏ.</para>
 467           </warning>
 468         </listitem>
 469
 470         <listitem>
 471           <para>åÓÌÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ NFS ÄÌÑ
 472             ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÁ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÇÏ CDROM ÎÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ,
 473             Ó ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÅÓÔÉÓØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ, ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
 474             ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÚÁÐÉÓØ × ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/exports</filename>
 475             (ÎÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ CDROM).  ðÒÉÍÅÒ ÎÉÖÅ
 476             ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÕ <hostid
 477             role="hostname">ziggy.foo.com</hostid> ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ CDROM
 478             ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÞÅÒÅÚ NFS:</para>
 479
 480           <screen>/cdrom          -ro             ziggy.foo.com</screen>
 481
 482           <para>ëÏÎÅÞÎÏ, ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ Ó CDROM ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ
 483             × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å NFS ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ, É ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ Õ×ÅÒÅÎÙ ËÁË ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ,
 484             NFS ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏ ÎÅ ÌÕÞÛÉÊ ×ÙÂÏÒ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÓ, ÐÏËÁ ×Ù ÎÅ ÐÒÏÞÔÅÔÅ
 485             &man.rc.conf.5; É ÎÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔÅ ×ÓÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ.  ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÑ,
 486             ÞÔÏ ÜÔÁ ÞÁÓÔØ ÐÒÏÛÌÁ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ××ÅÓÔÉ:
 487             <filename><replaceable>cdrom-host</replaceable>:/cdrom</filename>
 488             × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÐÕÔÉ Ë NFS ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÕ, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×,
 489             ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ <filename>wiggy:/cdrom</filename>.</para>
 490         </listitem>
 491       </itemizedlist>
 492     </sect3>
 493
 494     <sect3>
 495       <title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ</title>
 496
 497       <para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÉÌÉ ÉÚ-ÚÁ
 498         ÎÅÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÉÌÉ ÐÏÔÏÍÕ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÒÁ×ÉÔÓÑ
 499         ÄÅÌÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ÉÔØ
 500         ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ.</para>
 501
 502       <para>óÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ØÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ ×
 503         <xref linkend="floppies">.</para>
 504
 505       <para>úÁÔÅÍ, ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ <xref linkend="layout"> É ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ
 506         ÏÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ <quote>Distribution Format</quote>,
 507         ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÏÎ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÎÁ
 508         ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ É ÔÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÐÕÓÔÉÔØ.</para>
 509
 510       <para>úÁÔÅÍ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ, ËÁË ÍÉÎÉÍÕÍ, ÓÔÏÌØËÏ 1.44MB ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÓËÏÌØËÏ
 511         ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÌÑ ×ÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÉÚ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ
 512         <filename>bin</filename> (binary distribution).  åÓÌÉ ×Ù
 513         ÐÏÄÇÏÔÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÅ ÜÔÉ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÐÏÄ DOS, ÏÎÉ <emphasis>ÄÏÌÖÎÙ</emphasis>
 514         ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ MS-DOS
 515         <filename>FORMAT</filename>.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ
 516         Windows, ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ format ÉÚ
 517         Windows File Manager.</para>
 518
 519       <important>
 520         <para>úÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÄÉÓËÉ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÕÖÅ ÏÔÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ.
 521           èÏÔÑ ÜÔÏ ÕÄÏÂÎÏ, ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ, Ï ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÌÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ,
 522           ÓÔÁÌÉ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÏÊ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÏÔÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ
 523           ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÅÊ.  ðÅÒÅÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÉÈ ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÄÌÑ
 524           Õ×ÅÒÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ.</para>
 525       </important>
 526
 527       <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ Ó &os;,
 528         ÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, ÈÏÔÑ ÎÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ
 529         ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ DOS ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
 530         ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ &man.disklabel.8; É &man.newfs.8; ÄÌÑ
 531         ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÁÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ UFS, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÌÌÀÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ
 532         × ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ:</para>
 533
 534       <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>fdformat -f 1440 fd0</userinput>
 535 &prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -w fd0 floppy3</userinput>
 536 &prompt.root; <userinput>newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0</userinput></screen>
 537
 538       <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔ ÄÌÑ DOS ÉÌÉ UFS, ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
 539         ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÙ.  æÁÊÌÙ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÙ ÎÁ
 540         ÞÁÓÔÉ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÕÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ ÐÏÍÅÝÁÌÓÑ ÏÄÉÎ ÆÁÊÌ.
 541         ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÊ
 542         ÎÁÂÏÒ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ × Ó×ÏÅÍ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ,
 543         Ô.Å.: <filename>a:\bin\bin.inf</filename>,
 544         <filename>a:\bin\bin.aa</filename>,
 545         <filename>a:\bin\bin.ab</filename>, ...</para>
 546
 547       <important>
 548         <para>æÁÊÌ <filename>bin.inf</filename> ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ
 549           ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÕÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ <filename>bin</filename>, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ
 550           ÏÎ ÞÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÄÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á
 551           ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÞÁÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ×
 552           ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ.  ðÒÉ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÉÉ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ× ÎÁ
 553           ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ÆÁÊÌ <filename>distname.inf</filename>
 554           <emphasis>ÄÏÌÖÅÎ</emphasis> ÐÏÍÅÝÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÕÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ
 555           ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ.</para>
 556       </important>
 557
 558       <para>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÜËÒÁÎ Media,
 559         ×ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ <quote>Floppy</quote> É ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÊÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ.</para>
 560     </sect3>
 561
 562     <sect3 arch="i386,pc98,amd64">
 563       <title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS</title>
 564
 565       <para arch="i386,amd64">äÌÑ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÅ Ë ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ MS-DOS
 566         ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÉÚ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
 567         <filename>FREEBSD</filename> ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ DOS
 568         (<devicename>C:</devicename>).  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÌÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ
 569         ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &os; Ó ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÆÁÊÌÙ,
 570         ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ Ó CDROM, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>
 571
 572       <screen arch="i386,amd64"><prompt>C:\></prompt> <userinput>MD C:\FREEBSD</userinput>
 573 <prompt>C:\></prompt> <userinput>XCOPY /S E:\BASE C:\FREEBSD\BASE</userinput></screen>
 574       <screen arch="pc98"><prompt>A:\></prompt> <userinput>MD A:\FREEBSD</userinput>
 575 <prompt>A:\></prompt> <userinput>XCOPY /S E:\BASE A:\FREEBSD\BASE</userinput></screen>
 576
 577       <para>ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁ <devicename>E:</devicename> ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎ
 578         CD.</para>
 579
 580       <para arch="i386,amd64">äÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
 581         ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ Ó ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS (É ÄÌÑ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ
 582         Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ), ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
 583         <filename>C:\FREEBSD</filename> &mdash; ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ
 584         ÎÁÂÏÒ ÜÔÏ <filename>BIN</filename>.</para>
 585
 586       <para arch="pc98">äÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
 587         ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ Ó ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS (É ÄÌÑ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ
 588         Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ), ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
 589         <filename>A:\FREEBSD</filename> &mdash; ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ
 590         ÎÁÂÏÒ ÜÔÏ <filename>BIN</filename>.</para>
 591
 592       <para>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ
 593         Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ ËÁË ÏÂÙÞÎÏ É ×ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ <quote>DOS</quote> × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
 594         ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÑ ËÏÇÄÁ ÐÒÉÄÅÔ ×ÒÅÍÑ.</para>
 595     </sect3>
 596
 597     <sect3>
 598       <title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó QIC/SCSI ÌÅÎÔÙ</title>
 599
 600       <para>ðÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ÌÅÎÔÙ, ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ
 601         ÆÁÊÌÙ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÅ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ &man.tar.1;,
 602         ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ×,
 603         ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÙ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ <command>tar</command> ÄÌÑ
 604         ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ÉÈ ÎÁ ÌÅÎÔÕ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁËÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</para>
 605
 606       <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd <replaceable>/where/you/have/your/dists</replaceable></userinput>
 607 &prompt.root; <userinput>tar cvf /dev/sa0 <replaceable>dist1</replaceable> .. <replaceable>dist2</replaceable></userinput></screen>
 608
 609       <para>ðÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ×Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÕÂÅÄÉÔØÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÏ
 610         ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ (ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×ÁÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÅÄÌÏÖÅÎÏ
 611         ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ) ÄÌÑ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ <emphasis>ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ</emphasis> ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÇÏ
 612         ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÌÅÎÔÙ.  ÷ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ
 613         Ë ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÇÏ ÌÅÎÔÙ, ÜÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ ×Ï
 614         ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ ÈÒÁÎÉÌÉÝÅ.  ïÔ×ÅÄÉÔÅ ÓÔÏÌØËÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
 615         ÄÌÑ ÒÁÓÐÁËÏ×ËÉ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ×, ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÌÅÎÔÕ.</para>
 616
 617       <note>
 618         <para>äÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÌÅÎÔÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÁ × ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ
 619           <emphasis>ÄÏ</emphasis> ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ.  éÎÁÞÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ
 620           ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÅÅ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×.</para>
 621       </note>
 622
 623       <para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ËÁË ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ ×
 624         <xref linkend="floppies"> É ÐÒÉÓÔÕÐÁÊÔÅ Ë ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.</para>
 625     </sect3>
 626
 627     <sect3 id="ftpnfs">
 628       <title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ ÞÅÒÅÚ FTP ÉÌÉ NFS</title>
 629
 630       <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ËÁË ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ × ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ
 631         ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ
 632         3 ÔÉÐÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ: ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ, ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ
 633         ÉÌÉ Ethernet.</para>
 634
 635       <sect4>
 636         <title>ðÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ</title>
 637
 638         <para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ SLIP ÄÏ×ÏÌØÎÏ ÐÒÉÍÉÔÉ×ÎÁ, É ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ
 639           ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ, ÔÁËÉÍÉ ËÁË ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ËÁÂÅÌØ
 640           ÍÅÖÄÕ Ä×ÕÍÑ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁÍÉ.  óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍ,
 641           ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ SLIP ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
 642           ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ.  åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎ ÐÏ ÍÏÄÅÍÕ
 643           ÉÌÉ ÉÎÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÅÇÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ,
 644           ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ PPP.</para>
 645
 646         <para>ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ PPP, ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ
 647           ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ É Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï DNS, ÔÁË ËÁË ÏÎÉ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ
 648           ÒÁÎÎÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.  ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
 649           ÚÎÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ PPP ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
 650           ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÏÅ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÜÔÕ
 651           ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏÔ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ, ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
 652           ÔÁËÕÀ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ.</para>
 653
 654         <para>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ ÏÂ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ
 655           <quote>AT ËÏÍÁÎÄ</quote> ×ÁÛÅÊ ÍÏÄÅÌÉ ÍÏÄÅÍÁ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ
 656           ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ PPP ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÞÅÎØ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ
 657           ÜÍÕÌÑÔÏÒ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ.</para>
 658       </sect4>
 659
 660       <sect4>
 661         <title>ðÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ</title>
 662
 663         <para>åÓÌÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ Ë ÄÒÕÇÏÍÕ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÕ
 664           &os; ÉÌÉ Linux, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÏ×ÅÓÔÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ÞÅÒÅÚ
 665           ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÊ <quote>laplink</quote> ËÁÂÅÌØ.  óËÏÒÏÓÔØ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ
 666           ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ×ÙÛÅ, ÞÅÍ ÜÔÏ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ
 667           ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ÌÉÎÉÀ (ÄÏ 50Ë/ÓÅË), × ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
 668           ÐÒÏÈÏÄÉÔ ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ.  ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
 669           <quote>ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ</quote> IP ÁÄÒÅÓ ÐÒÉ PPP ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ ÔÁËÉÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ
 670           É ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ RFC 1918 ÄÌÑ ËÏÎÃÏ× ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ
 671           (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ <hostid role="ipaddr">10.0.0.1</hostid>,
 672           <hostid role="ipaddr">10.0.0.2</hostid>, É Ô.Ä.).</para>
 673
 674         <important>
 675           <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ Ó Linux, Á ÎÅ Ó &os; ×
 676             ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ PLIP, ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ
 677             <option>link0</option> × ÏËÎÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ TCP/IP, ÐÏÌÅ
 678             <quote>extra options for ifconfig</quote>, ÄÌÑ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ
 679             ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÉÎÁÞÅ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ PLIP
 680             ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏÍ Linux.</para>
 681         </important>
 682
 683       </sect4>
 684
 685       <sect4>
 686         <title>Ethernet</title>
 687
 688         <para>&os; ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÛÉÒÏËÏ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÎÙÈ
 689           ËÁÒÔ Ethernet; ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÈ ËÁÒÔ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÁÓÔØÀ
 690           ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÏÂ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ (<filename>HARDWARE.TXT</filename>
 691           × ÍÅÎÀ Documentation ÎÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÅ ÉÌÉ × ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÍ
 692           ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ CDROM).  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÏÄÎÕ ÉÚ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ
 693           PCMCIA Ethernet ËÁÒÔ, ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ ÔÁËÖÅ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÁ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÁ
 694           <emphasis>ÄÏ</emphasis> ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÌÜÐÔÏÐÁ.  ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ,
 695           &os; ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ PCMCIA ËÁÒÔ <quote>ÎÁ ÈÏÄÕ</quote>
 696           ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</para>
 697
 698         <para>÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÕÚÎÁÔØ ×ÁÛ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ × ÓÅÔÉ,
 699           ÓÅÔÅ×ÕÀ ÍÁÓËÕ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ, É ÉÍÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ.
 700           ÷ÁÛ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÄÓËÁÚÁÔØ ×ÁÍ, ËÁËÉÅ
 701           ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÏÊÄÕÔ ÄÌÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ
 702           ÏÂÒÁÝÁÔØÓÑ Ë ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÁÍ ÐÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ IP ÁÄÒÅÓÁ,
 703           ×ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÉÍÅÎ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÛÌÀÚÁ
 704           (ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ PPP, ÜÔÏ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ).
 705           åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ Ó FTP ÞÅÒÅÚ HTTP ÐÒÏËÓÉ
 706           (ÓÍ. ÎÉÖÅ), ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÐÒÏËÓÉ.</para>
 707
 708         <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÔÅ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ, ×ÁÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ
 709           ÌÕÞÛÅ ÐÏÇÏ×ÏÒÉÔØ Ó ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÍ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÏÍ
 710           <emphasis>ÐÅÒÅÄ</emphasis> ÎÁÞÁÌÏÍ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÔÉÐÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.
 711           éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÏ ×ÙÂÉÒÁÅÍÙÈ IP ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× ÉÌÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
 712           ÍÁÓË × ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÐÏÞÔÉ ÎÁ×ÅÒÎÑËÁ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ
 713           É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÁÍ ÐÒÉÄÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÓÌÕÛÁÔØ ÌÅËÃÉÀ ÏÔ ÒÁÓÓÅÒÖÅÎÎÏÇÏ
 714           ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ.</para>
 715
 716         <para>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÌÉ ËÁËÏÊ-ÌÉÂÏ ÔÉÐ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ,
 717           ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÅÎÁ ÞÅÒÅÚ NFS ÉÌÉ FTP.</para>
 718       </sect4>
 719
 720       <sect4>
 721         <title>óÏ×ÅÔÙ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÞÅÒÅÚ NFS</title>
 722
 723         <para>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÞÅÒÅÚ NFS ÄÏ×ÏÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÁ: ÓËÏÐÉÒÕÊÔÅ
 724           ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á &os; ËÕÄÁ-ÌÉÂÏ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ É
 725           ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ ÐÒÉ ×ÙÂÏÒÅ NFS ÔÉÐÁ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÑ.</para>
 726
 727         <para>åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏÔ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÞÅÒÅÚ
 728           <quote>ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ</quote> (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÐÏ
 729           ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÞÉÈ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÊ Sun É Linux), ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ
 730           ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
 731           ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ × ÍÅÎÀ Options ÐÅÒÅÄ
 732           ÎÁÞÁÌÏÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</para>
 733
 734         <para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛÁ Ethernet ËÁÒÔÁ ÐÌÏÈÏÇÏ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Á É ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ
 735           ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÏÞÅÎØ ÎÉÚËÁ, ×Ù ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÈÏÔÉÔÅ
 736           ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÆÌÁÇ × Options.</para>
 737
 738         <para>äÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÞÅÒÅÚ NFS, ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ
 739           <quote>subdir mounts</quote>, Ô.Å. ÅÓÌÉ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á
 740           &os; ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×
 741           <filename>wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</filename>,
 742           <hostid role="hostname">wiggy</hostid> ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÔØ
 743           ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
 744           <filename>/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</filename>,
 745           Á ÎÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ <filename>/usr</filename> ÉÌÉ
 746           <filename>/usr/archive/stuff</filename>.</para>
 747
 748         <para>÷ ÆÁÊÌÅ &os; <filename>/etc/exports</filename> ÜÔÏ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ
 749           ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ <option>-alldirs</option>.  äÒÕÇÉÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ
 750           NFS ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÍÅÔØ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÓÏÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ
 751           ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ <literal>Permission Denied</literal>, ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÜÔÁ
 752           ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÎÅ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ.</para>
 753       </sect4>
 754
 755       <sect4>
 756         <title>óÏ×ÅÔÙ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÞÅÒÅÚ FTP</title>
 757
 758         <para>FTP ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÁ Ó ÌÀÂÏÇÏ ÚÅÒËÁÌÉÒÕÀÝÅÇÏ
 759           ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÅÇÏ Ó×ÅÖÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ &os;.  ðÏÌÎÙÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË,
 760           ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÉÊ ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ ÚÅÒËÁÌÏ ÐÏÞÔÉ ÄÌÑ ÌÀÂÏÇÏ ÒÅÇÉÏÎÁ ÍÉÒÁ,
 761           ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÞÅÒÅÚ FTP.</para>
 762
 763         <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ Ó FTP ÓÁÊÔÁ, ÎÅ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÅÇÏ × ÜÔÏÔ
 764           ÓÐÉÓÏË, ÉÌÉ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ Ó ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÏÊ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÉÍÅÎ,
 765           ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ URL ÐÕÔÅÍ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ
 766           <quote>URL</quote> × ÜÔÏÍ ÍÅÎÀ.  URL ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ
 767           ÉÌÉ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÐÒÉ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÉÍÅÎ ÐÏÄÏÊÄÅÔ URL
 768           ×ÒÏÄÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ:</para>
 769
 770         <screen>ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/&arch;/4.2-RELEASE</screen>
 771
 772         <para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÔÒÉ ÔÉÐÁ FTP ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
 773           ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ:
 774           <itemizedlist>
 775             <listitem>
 776               <para>FTP:  üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ
 777                 <quote>ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ</quote> ÒÅÖÉÍ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ
 778                 ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó ËÌÉÅÎÔÏÍ.  üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÎÅ
 779                 ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÏ×, ÎÏ ÚÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ
 780                 ÌÕÞÛÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÓÏ ÓÔÁÒÙÍÉ FTP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ
 781                 ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ.  åÓÌÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÏÂÒÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
 782                 × ÐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ, ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÜÔÏÔ ÒÅÖÉÍ.</para>
 783             </listitem>
 784             <listitem>
 785               <para>FTP Passive:  õÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ <quote>ÐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÊ</quote>
 786                 ÒÅÖÉÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÎÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ
 787                 Ó ËÌÉÅÎÔÏÍ.  üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÏÔÌÉÞÎÏ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ,
 788                 ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÍÓÑ ÚÁ ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÁÀÔ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ
 789                 ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ ÐÏ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÙÍ ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍ ÐÏÒÔÏ×.</para>
 790             </listitem>
 791             <listitem>
 792               <para>FTP ÞÅÒÅÚ HTTP ÐÒÏËÓÉ: üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ &os;
 793                 ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ HTTP ÄÌÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÒÏËÓÉ ×ÓÅÈ FTP
 794                 ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÊ.  ðÒÏËÓÉ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÔÒÁÎÓÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ É ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ
 795                 ÉÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ FTP.  üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÐÒÏÈÏÄÉÔØ ÞÅÒÅÚ
 796                 ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÏÏÂÝÅ ÎÅ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÁÀÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ FTP,
 797                 ÎÏ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ HTTP ÐÒÏËÓÉ.  ÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ
 798                 ÐÒÏËÓÉ × ÄÏÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ Ë FTP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ.</para>
 799
 800               <para>÷ ÒÅÄËÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ, ËÏÇÄÁ FTP ÐÒÏËÓÉ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÞÅÒÅÚ
 801                 HTTP, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ URL ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁË:</para>
 802
 803               <screen><userinput>ftp://foo.bar.com:<replaceable>port</replaceable>/pub/FreeBSD</userinput></screen>
 804
 805               <para>÷ URL ×ÙÛÅ, <replaceable>port</replaceable>
 806                 ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅÒ ÐÏÒÔÁ FTP ÐÒÏËÓÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ.</para>
 807             </listitem>
 808           </itemizedlist>
 809         </para>
 810
 811       </sect4>
 812     </sect3>
 813     <sect3 arch="i386,alpha,amd64">
 814       <title>óÏ×ÅÔÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ</title>
 815
 816       <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÉÔÁÅÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ &os; ÎÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ,
 817         ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÊ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ (Ô.Å. ÎÅ ÉÍÅÀÝÉÊ
 818         VGA ËÁÒÔÙ), ÓÌÅÄÕÊÔÅ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ:</para>
 819
 820       <procedure>
 821         <step>
 822           <para>ðÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ÌÀÂÏÊ ANSI (vt100) ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÊ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌ ÉÌÉ
 823             ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ ÜÍÕÌÑÃÉÉ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ Ë <devicename>COM1</devicename>
 824             ÐÏÒÔÕ PC, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÅ &os;.</para>
 825         </step>
 826         <step>
 827           <para>ïÔËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÕ (ÄÁ, ÜÔÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ!) É ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ
 828             ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ ÉÌÉ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ CDROM, × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ
 829             ÏÔ ÔÉÐÁ ÉÍÅÀÝÅÇÏÓÑ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÑ, Ó ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÎÏÊ
 830             ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÏÊ.</para>
 831         </step>
 832         <step>
 833           <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ×ÉÄÉÔÅ ÎÉÞÅÇÏ ÎÁ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ,
 834             ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÕ ÏÐÑÔØ.
 835             åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÅÓØ Ó CDROM, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ <xref
 836             linkend="hitspace"> ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÇÎÁÌÏ×.</para>
 837         </step>
 838         <step>
 839           <para>ðÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ Ó ÄÉÓËÅÔ, ÐÏÓÌÅ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ
 840             ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÄÉÓË <filename>kern<replaceable>X</replaceable>.flp</filename> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ
 841             <keycap>Enter</keycap>.  ðÏÓÌÅ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ
 842             ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÄÉÓË <filename>kern<replaceable>X</replaceable>.flp</filename> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ
 843             <keycap>Enter</keycap>, É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×
 844             <filename>kern<replaceable>X</replaceable>.flp</filename>.  ëÏÇÄÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔÓÑ,
 845             ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÏÐÑÔØ <filename>boot.flp</filename> É ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ
 846             <keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para>
 847         </step>
 848         <step id="hitspace">
 849           <para>ðÏÓÌÅ Ú×ÕËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÓÉÇÎÁÌÁ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ ÃÉÆÒÕ <keycap>6</keycap>,
 850             ÚÁÔÅÍ ××ÅÄÉÔÅ</para>
 851
 852           <screen><userinput>boot -h</userinput></screen>
 853
 854           <para>É ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ
 855             ÐÏÒÔ.  åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ, ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ
 856             ËÁÂÅÌØ É ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÜÍÕÌÑÃÉÉ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ ÉÌÉ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌØÎÏÇÏ
 857             ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á.  ïÎÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ ÎÁ 9600 ËÂÉÔ, 8 ÂÉÔ, ÂÅÚ
 858             ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÞÅÔÎÏÓÔÉ.</para>
 859         </step>
 860       </procedure>
 861     </sect3>
 862   </sect2>
 863
 864   <sect2>
 865     <title>÷ÏÐÒÏÓÙ É ÏÔ×ÅÔÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ &arch.print;</title>
 866
 867     <qandaset arch="i386,amd64">
 868       <qandaentry>
 869         <question>
 870           <para>ðÏÍÏÇÉÔÅ!  õ ÍÅÎÑ ÎÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ!  îÕÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ×ÓÅ
 871             ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ?</para>
 872         </question>
 873         <answer>
 874           <para>åÓÌÉ ÎÁ ×ÁÛÅÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ ÕÖÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ DOS É ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
 875             &os; ÎÅÔ ÉÌÉ ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ÅÝÅ ÎÅ ×ÓÅ ÐÏÔÅÒÑÎÏ!
 876             ÷ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÍÏÞØ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ <application>FIPS</application>,
 877             ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÁÑÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename>tools/</filename> &os; CDROM
 878             ÉÌÉ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ftp ÓÁÊÔÁÈ &os;.</para>
 879
 880           <para><application>FIPS</application> ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÉÔØ
 881             ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï DOS ÎÁ Ä×Å ÞÁÓÔÉ, ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÑ
 882             ÉÍÅÀÝÉÅÓÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ É ÄÅÌÁÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ÎÁ ×ÔÏÒÕÀ
 883             Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÕÀ ÞÁÓÔØ.  óÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÄÅÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ
 884             ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ <filename>DEFRAG</filename>
 885             ÉÚ DOS 6.xx ÉÌÉ <application>Norton Disk Tools</application>,
 886             ÚÁÔÅÍ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ FIPS.  ïÎ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÉÔ ×ÓÀ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ.
 887             úÁÔÅÍ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÅÒÅÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ &os; × ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ.
 888             õÞÔÉÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ, ÞÔÏ FIPS ÓÏÚÄÁÓÔ ×ÔÏÒÏÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ËÁË
 889             <quote>ËÌÏÎ</quote> ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ, ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔÓÑ Ä×Á ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ DOS.
 890             îÅ ×ÏÌÎÕÊÔÅÓØ!  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ×ÔÏÒÏÊ ÐÅÒ×ÉÞÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
 891             DOS (ÕÂÅÄÉ×ÛÉÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ, ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉ× ÅÇÏ
 892             ÒÁÚÍÅÒ).</para>
 893
 894           <para><application>FIPS</application> × ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ
 895             îå ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÍÉ NTFS.  äÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÔÁËÉÍÉ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÍÉ
 896             ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÉÊ ÐÒÏÄÕËÔ, ÔÁËÏÊ ËÁË
 897             <application>Partition Magic</application>.
 898             üÔÏ ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÏÊ ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
 899             Windows ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÅÓØ ÄÉÓË É ×Ù ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ
 900             Ó ÎÕÌÑ.</para>
 901
 902           <para><application>FIPS</application> ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÍÉ
 903             ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÍÉ DOS.  ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ Windows
 904             95/98/ME FAT32.</para>
 905         </answer>
 906       </qandaentry>
 907
 908       <qandaentry>
 909         <question>
 910           <para>íÏÇÕ Ñ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÖÁÔÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ DOS ÉÚ
 911           &os;?</para>
 912         </question>
 913
 914         <answer>
 915           <para>îÅÔ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÔÁËÕÀ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ ËÁË
 916             <application>Stacker</application>(tm) ÉÌÉ
 917             <application>DoubleSpace</application>(tm), &os; ÓÍÏÖÅÔ
 918             ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÔÕ ÞÁÓÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ
 919             ×Ù ÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌÉ ÎÅÓÖÁÔÏÊ.  ïÓÔÁÌØÎÁÑ ÞÁÓÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÂÕÄÅÔ
 920             ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÁ × ×ÉÄÅ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ (ÆÁÊÌ
 921             stacked/dblspaced!).  <emphasis>îÅ ÕÄÁÌÑÊÔÅ ÜÔÏÔ
 922             ÆÁÊÌ</emphasis>!</para>
 923
 924           <para>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÌÕÞÛÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÎÅÓÖÁÔÙÊ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÊ DOS ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
 925             É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÇÏ ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÍÅÖÄÕ DOS É &os;, ÅÓÌÉ
 926             ÜÔÏ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ.</para>
 927         </answer>
 928       </qandaentry>
 929
 930       <qandaentry>
 931         <question>
 932           <para>íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ DOS?</para>
 933         </question>
 934
 935         <answer>
 936           <para>äÁ.  òÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ DOS ÉÍÅÎÕÀÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ
 937             <quote>ÓÌÁÊÓÏ×</quote> &os;, Ô.Å. <devicename>D:</devicename>
 938             ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÔÁÔØ <filename>/dev/da0s5</filename>,
 939             <devicename>E:</devicename> &mdash; <filename>/dev/da0s6</filename>
 940             É Ô.Ä.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
 941             ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ SCSI 0.  äÌÑ ÄÉÓËÏ× IDE ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ
 942             <literal>da</literal> ÎÁ <literal>ad</literal> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ.
 943             éÎÙÍÉ ÓÌÏ×ÁÍÉ, ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ ÔÁË ÖÅ, ËÁË É
 944             ÌÀÂÙÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ DOS ÄÉÓËÉ, Ô.Å.:</para>
 945
 946           <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -t msdosfs /dev/da0s5 /dos_d</userinput></screen>
 947         </answer>
 948       </qandaentry>
 949
 950       <qandaentry>
 951         <question>
 952           <para>íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ DOS × &os;?</para>
 953         </question>
 954
 955         <answer>
 956           <para>èÏÔÑ ÅÝÅ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÓÔÒÙÅ ÕÇÌÙ, ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ
 957             ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÄÏÊÔÉ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ &man.doscmd.1;, ÒÁÂÏÔÁ ÎÁÄ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ
 958             ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÅÔÓÑ.  ðÏÒÔ/ÐÁËÅÔ <filename
 959             role="package">emulators/doscmd</filename> ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ×
 960             ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× &os;.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÚÁÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÏ×ÁÎÙ × ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÎÁÄ
 961             ÜÔÏÊ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÏÊ,
 962             ÏÔÐÒÁ×ØÔÅ ÐÉÓØÍÏ × &a.emulation; É ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù
 963             ÚÁÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÏ×ÁÎÙ × ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÀÝÅÊÓÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ!</para>
 964
 965           <para>ðÏÒÔ/ÐÁËÅÔ <filename role="package">emulators/pcemu</filename>
 966             × ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× &os; ÜÍÕÌÉÒÕÅÔ 8088 É BIOS ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ ÄÌÑ
 967             ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÈ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ DOS.  äÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÅÍÕ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
 968             X Window System (XFree86).</para>
 969         </answer>
 970       </qandaentry>
 971
 972       <qandaentry>
 973         <question>
 974           <para>íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ × &os; ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ
 975             &microsoft.windows;?</para>
 976         </question>
 977
 978         <answer>
 979           <para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÒÔÏ×/ÐÁËÅÔÏ× × ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ×
 980             &os;, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ
 981             ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ &windows;.  ðÏÒÔ/ÐÁËÅÔ <filename
 982             role="package">emulators/wine</filename> ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ
 983             ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÎÁÄ &os;, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÉÍ
 984             &windows; ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ × X Windows (XFree86).</para>
 985         </answer>
 986       </qandaentry>
 987
 988       <qandaentry>
 989         <question>
 990           <para>íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ × &os; ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ?</para>
 991         </question>
 992
 993         <answer>
 994           <para>÷ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÒÔÏ×/ÐÁËÅÔÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
 995             ÉÍÉÔÉÒÕÀÔ <quote>×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ</quote> É ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ
 996             ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÐÏ×ÅÒÈ &os;.  ðÏÒÔ/ÐÁËÅÔ
 997             <filename role="package">emulators/bochs</filename> ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ
 998             &microsoft.windows;, Linux É ÄÁÖÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ËÏÐÉÑÍ &os; ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ
 999             ×ÎÕÔÒÉ ÏËÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÇÏ ÓÔÏÌÁ &os;.  ðÏÒÔÙ/ÐÁËÅÔÙ <filename
1000             role="package">emulators/vmware2</filename> É <filename
1001             role="package">emulators/vmware3</filename> ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ
1002             × &os; ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÉÅ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ VMware.</para>
1003         </answer>
1004       </qandaentry>
1005     </qandaset>
1006
1007     <qandaset arch="alpha">
1008       <qandaentry>
1009         <question>
1010           <para>íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ARC ÉÌÉ Alpha BIOS ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ?</para>
1011         </question>
1012
1013         <answer>
1014           <para>îÅÔ.  &os;, ÔÁË ÖÅ ËÁË Compaq Tru64 É VMS, ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ
1015             ÔÏÌØËÏ Ó SRM ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ.</para>
1016         </answer>
1017       </qandaentry>
1018
1019       <qandaentry>
1020         <question>
1021           <para>ðÏÍÏÇÉÔÅ!!  õ ÍÅÎÑ ÎÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ!  äÏÌÖÅÎ ÌÉ Ñ ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ
1022             ×ÓÅ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ??</para>
1023         </question>
1024
1025         <answer>
1026           <para>ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, ÄÁ.</para>
1027         </answer>
1028       </qandaentry>
1029
1030       <qandaentry>
1031         <question>
1032           <para>íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ Compaq Tru64 ÉÌÉ
1033             VMS?</para>
1034         </question>
1035
1036         <answer>
1037           <para>÷ ÄÁÎÎÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÎÅÔ.</para>
1038         </answer>
1039       </qandaentry>
1040
1041       <qandaentry>
1042         <question>
1043           <para>þÔÏ ÎÁÓÞÅÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× Compaq Tru64
1044             (OSF/1)?</para>
1045         </question>
1046
1047         <answer>
1048           <para>&os; ÏÞÅÎØ ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ Tru64 Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
1049             ÐÁËÅÔÁ/ÐÏÒÔÁ <filename
1050             role="package">emulators/osf1_base</filename>.</para>
1051         </answer>
1052       </qandaentry>
1053
1054       <qandaentry>
1055         <question>
1056           <para>þÔÏ ÎÁÓÞÅÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÉÓÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× Linux?</para>
1057         </question>
1058
1059         <answer>
1060           <para>&os; ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ AlphaLinux Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
1061             ÐÏÒÔÁ/ÐÁËÅÔÁ <filename
1062             role="package">emulators/linux_base</filename>.</para>
1063         </answer>
1064       </qandaentry>
1065
1066       <qandaentry>
1067         <question>
1068           <para>þÔÏ ÎÁÓÞÅÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× NT Alpha?</para>
1069         </question>
1070
1071         <answer>
1072           <para>&os; ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ NT, ÈÏÔÑ É ÍÏÖÅÔ
1073             ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ NT.</para>
1074         </answer>
1075       </qandaentry>
1076     </qandaset>
1077   </sect2>
1078 </sect1>